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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上图表作文（一）第一节 图表作文的类型图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文。表作文表格(Table)可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题(Title)、表头(Boxhead)(表格的第一行)、侧目(Stub)(表格左边的第一列)和主体(Body)部分(表格的其余部分)等部分组成。如下表：用表格表达的信息具体准确，而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目的变化规律。例如，上面的表格中的数字说明，和1978年相比，1983年大学入学的人数在增加，而小学的入学人数在减少。搞清楚这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容
2、。图作文图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。(1) 圆形图作文圆形图(Pie chart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观，各部分空间大小差别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。例如：This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. As can be see from the chart, the main expenditure
3、 of an average British family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are transport and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life, tha
4、t is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.(2) 曲线图作文曲线图(Line graph)也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发展过程和趋势。一般来说，曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线图有横轴和纵轴。一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。(3) 条形图作文条形图(Bar graph)也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代
5、表不同的量。当要比较几个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示：1)同一项目在不同时间的量;2)同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时，要先看图例，再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量，每一个刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系。图表作文的篇章结构写图表作文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想第二段：分析产生的原因第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议图表作
6、文常用的句型(1)常用的开篇句型(即概述图表内容时常用的表达法) According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that 根据该表/图，我们可知 The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that 该表/图表明 As we can see from the table As can be seen from the line/bar graph As is shown (illus
7、trated/indicated) in the pie chart 如表/图所示，(2) 描述增减变化常用的句型 Compared with is still increased by The number of grew/rose from to An increase is shown in ; then came a sharp increase of In the number remains the same/drops to There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990.There was a
8、 very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/ decline/ fall/ reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year). 下面是根据例2的题目要求写的范文。From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. The first two months of 1990 showed
9、an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. Therefore, its obvious t
10、hat car accident in Walton city declined in 1990.主题句/概述表格反映的内容(5)反映交通事故的变化情况(6)小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势There are several reasons for the decline. First, a new traffic law was made and came into force. It provided that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. As a result, the highest rate in August, when
11、humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. Finally, the city administration made great efforts to heighten peoples awareness of observ
12、ing traffic rules.主题句原因/措施一解释措施一/次要辅助采取措施一后的结果原因/措施二原因/措施三With all these new measures, Im sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year.总结：展望未来的情况第四节、 图表作文练习及其参考范文下面是写作练习，在写作的过程中注意审题，考虑文章的结构、采用的扩展方法、开头的结尾的方法以及文章中的过渡等。练习1：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty
13、minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on Changes in Peoples Diet. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:1. state the changes in peoples diet (饮食) in the past five years;2. give possib
14、le reasons for the changes;3. draw your own conclusions.You should quote as few figures as possible.As is shown in the table, there have been great changes in peoples diet between 1986 and 1990. From the table, we can find that grain, formerly the main food of most Chinese people, is now playing a l
15、ess important role in peoples diet. And the same goes for fruit and vegetables. On the other hand, the consumption of high-nutrition food such milk and meat has increased rapidly.What has caused these changes? There are mainly three reasons (主题句). (6) First, people are much wealthier than before. (7
16、) With higher income, they can afford to buy nutritious foods. (8) Second, people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health. (9) Lack of certain amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health. (10) Finally, owing to the economic reform, meat and milk, which wer
17、e scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities.(11) Although milk and meat are important to ones health, eating too much rich food may result in obesity and may other diseases. (12)Therefore, people should not only eat a lot of milk and meat, but also enough grain, fruit and vegetable for th
18、e sake of their health.图表作文（二）一、图表作文写作常识1、图形种类及概述法：泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table饼图：pie chart直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram表格图：table流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram程序图：processing/procedures diagram2、常用的描述用法The table/chart diagram/graph show
19、s （that）According to the table/chart diagram/graphAs （is） shown in the table/chart diagram/graphAs can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures，figures/statistics shows （that）It can be seen from the figures/statisticsWe can see from the figures/statisticsIt is clear from the figures/statis
20、ticsIt is apparent from the figures/statisticstable/chart/diagram/graph figures （that） table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how3、图表中的数据（Data）具体表达法数据（Data）在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time持续变化的data在不同情况下：增加：increase / raise / rise / go up 减少：decrease / grow down
21、/ drop / fall 波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave 稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off 最常用的两种表达法：动词+副词形式（Verb+Adverb form）形容词+名词形式（Adjective+Noun form）二、相关常用词组1、主章开头图表类型：table、chart、diagramgraph、column chart、pie graph描述：show、describe、illustrate、can be seen from、clear、apparent、reveal、represe
22、nt内容：figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion2、表示数据变化的单词或者词组rapid/rapidly迅速的，飞快的，险峻的dramatic/dramatically戏剧性的，生动的significant/significantly有意义的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply锐利的，明显的，急剧的steep/steeply急剧升降的steady/steadily稳固的，坚定不移的gradual/gradually渐进的，逐渐的slow/slowly缓慢的，不活跃的slight/slightly轻微的、略微地stable/stably稳
23、定的3、其它在描述中的常用到的词significant changes图中一些较大变化noticeable trend明显趋势during the same period在同一时期grow/grew增长distribute分布，区别unequally不相等地in the case of adv.在的情况下in terms of / in respect of / regarding在方面in contrast相反，大不相同government policy政府政策market forces市场规率measure n.尺寸，方法，措施v.估量，调节forecast n.先见，预见v.预测三、英语
24、图表写作套句精选1.the table shows the changes in the number ofover the period fromto该表格描述了在年之年间数量的变化。 2.the bar chart illustrates that该柱状图展示了3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding该图为我们提供了有关有趣数据。4.the diagram shows （that）该图向我们展示了5.the pie graph depicts （that）该圆形图揭示了6.this is a cure graph which
25、describes the trend of这个曲线图描述了的趋势。7.the figures/statistics show （that）数据（字）表明8.the tree diagram reveals how该树型图向我们揭示了如何9.the data/statistics show （that）该数据（字）可以这样理解10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that这些数据资料令我们得出结论11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/cha
26、rt/table如图所示12.according to the chart/figures根据这些表（数字）13.as is shown in the table如表格所示14.as can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in从图中可以看出，发生了巨大变化。15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure，we can see clearly thator it is clear/apparent from the chart that从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到16.this i
27、s a graph which illustrates这个图表向我们展示了17.this table shows the changing proportion of a & b fromto该表格描述了年到年间a与b的比例关系。18.the graph，presented in a pie chart， shows the general trend in该图以圆形图形式描述了总的趋势。19.this is a column chart showing这是个柱型图，描述了20.as can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the fluc
28、tuation of如图所示，两条曲线描述了的波动情况。21.over the period fromtotheremained level.在至期间，基本不变。22.in the year betweenand在年到期间23.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 19981995年至1998三年里24.from then on/from this time onwards从那时起25.the number ofremained steady/stable from （month/year） to （month/year）。月（年）至月（年）的数量
29、基本不变。26.the number sharply went up to数字急剧上升至27.the percentage ofstayed the same betweenand至期间的比率维持不变。28.the figures peaked atin（month/year）的数目在月（年）达到顶点，为29.the percentage remained steady at比率维持在30.the percentage ofis slightly larger/smaller than that of比例比的比例略高（低）。31.there is not a great deal of dif
30、ference betweenand与的区别不大。32.the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of该图表表明的数目增长了三倍。33decreased year by year whileincreased steadily.逐年减少，而逐步上升。34.the situation reached a peak（a high point at） of%.的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为百分点。35.the figures/situation bottomed out in数字（情况）在达到底部。36.the figures reach
31、ed the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.数字（情况）达到底部（低谷）。37.a is times as much/many as b.a是b的倍。38.a increased bya增长了39.a increased toa增长到40.high/low/great/small/ percentage.比低高（低）41.there is an upward trend in the number of数字呈上升趋势。42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred fromto到发生急剧上升。43.fromtothe
32、rate of decrease slow down.从到，下降速率减慢。44.from this year on，there was a gradual declinel reduction in the，reaching a figure of从这年起，逐渐下降至45.be similar to与相似46.be the same as与相同47.there are a lot similarities/differences betweenand与之间有许多相似（不同）之处48.a has something in common with ba于b有共同之处。49.the differen
33、ce between a and b lies ina与b之间的差别在于50（year）witnessed/saw a sharp rise in年急剧上升开头段转述题目常用句型 The line graph describes/ illustrates/ demonstrates/ summarizes/ outlines/ shows 后面跟名词或者从句 开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型 According to/ As shown in/ As can be seen from 后面跟图表的类型 It can be seen from 后面跟图表的类型 that It is ma
34、nifest from后面跟图表的类型 that 表示上升的动词 Go up(went up) /rise(rose)/ grow(grew)/ increase(increased)/ ascend(ascended) , 其中rise和increase 也经常作名词, grow-growth 表示急剧上升的动词 Jump(jumped)/ surge(surged)/shoot up (shot up)/ soar(soared) 其中surge也可以做名词 表示下降的动词Decline/ fall/ drop/ sink/ dip/ decrease/ descend, 其中declin
35、e/ fall/ drop/ decrease也经常做名词 表示急剧下降的动词 Plummet/ plunge 表示速度快的形容词 Sharp/ dramatic/ drastic/ rapid/precipitous/steep 副词加 -ly 表示幅度大的形容词 Marked/ substantial / significant, 副词加 -ly 表示缓慢,逐渐的形容词 Gradual/ steady/ gentle / slow, 副词加 -ly 表示小幅度的形容词 Modest/ moderate/ slight, 副词加 -ly 表示波动的动词 Fluctuate, 不及物动词,名词
36、fluctuation 表示稳定在一个水平上的动词 Level off at/ level out at/ hover at/ stabilize at/ reached a plateau at 表示达到最高的动词 Peak at/ reach the highest point at , peak 也可以做名词 表示达到最低的动词 Reach the bottom at/ the lowest point at/ bottom out at, bottom 也可以做名词 表示经历了某种变化的及物动词 Experience/ witness/ see 表示达到了多少数量的及物动词或词组 Re
37、ach/arrive at/ amount to / hit/ register/ stand at 表示占(后面跟百分数或数字)的及物动词或词组 Account for/ represent / constitute / make up 表示数据由某几个部分组成的既无动词或者词组 A is composed of/comprise/ is made up of/ consists of B,C and D. 注意和include 区别 表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词 Project/ predict / forecast 表示分别的副词 Respectivelyin the 2004 Oly
38、mpics, China and Russia won X and Y gold medals respectively. 表示大约的副词或者词组 About, around, approximately, roughly, just over, just under图表作文（三）作文1 DIRECTIONS: A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words. B. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II.
39、 C. Your essay should cover these three points: 1. effect of the countrys growing human population on its wildlife 2. possible reason for the effect3. your suggestion for wildlife protection【段落类型分析】第一段 第二段 第三段图画/图表描述段 原因阐释段 建议措施段【参考范文一】From these graphs, we can draw a conclusion that, with the growt
40、h of human population, the number of species has decreased rapidly in America, and some species have even vanished from our planet.There are numerous reasons accounting for the phenomenon and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. Above all, as the human population grows rapi
41、dly, a growing number of people came to live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably can not adapt to the new environment and die. In addition, although many people look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not thi
42、nk so. They catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money. Consequently, the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed. The clear cutting has become increasingly serious. So some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct.In order to protect the wildlife, I h
43、ave some suggestions. First, the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed. Second, the governments should educate people to love nature and protect it. Third, as for ourselves, we should take practical actions to protect our living environment. (210 words)【参考范文二】The
44、two charts show that the increase in the U.S. population has been accompanied by a corresponding decline in the number of wildlife species. Far too many species have been lost already. This poses a danger to the ecological balance.As the human population expands, wild animals in mounting numbers are
45、 hunted for food, or because they are thought to present a threat to man. But studies show that one of the primary causes of the disappearance of wildlife is pollution, which is one of the consequences of population growth and economic development. This makes us wonder if men are able to share this
46、planet in harmony with other life forms.In my opinion, it is imperative for us to take steps to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the charts. One measure would be to forbid the building of cities in areas where wild life is threatened with extinction. But, more importantly, men must learn to