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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上虚拟语气 一虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句主 句与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)should /would/could/might +动词原形与过去事实相反had + 过去分词would/should/could/might +have done与将来事实相反一般过去时(be用were)should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形would/should/cold/might + 动词原形1.表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果如：If I were a boy, I would
2、join the army. If she had time, she should go with you.2.表示与过去的事实相反的假设和结果如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.3.表示与将来事实相反的假设和结果如: If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.4.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：I
3、f I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. (从句-用过去,主句-用现在) 5. 虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式: (1) 用介词代替条件状语从句, 常见的介词有with , without, but for(若/要不是)有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no li
4、ving things.But for your help (If it hadnt been for your help) I couldnt have done it. What would you do with a million dollars (if you had a million dollars?) (2) 假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如: I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadnt been busy that day, I would hav
5、e gone there with them.) I would have finished the work, but I was ill. (If I hadnt been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。6. If虚拟条件句的倒装省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. Were I you (
6、If I were you), I would not do it. Had he taken my advice(If he had taken), he would have succeeded.二虚拟语气用于名词性从句1. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如：I
7、wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词insist、 command、order、 suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、request、等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如:She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she (should) be
8、 operated.2.虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结
9、构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this after
10、noon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：It is pity that you cant swim.三 虚拟语气在其它场合的运用1.虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：He did it as if he were an expert. Even if she were here, she could not
11、solve the problem.2. 虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该”。如：Its time that I picked up my daughter. Its high time we should go / went to school.3. 虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如：If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice.4. 在一些习惯表达中 如：w
12、ould rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型。从句的谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。其意为“宁愿,还是 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。 如：Id rather you left right away.Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend. Frankly, Id rather you had said nothing about it at the meeting yesterday. 5.用“may + 动词原形”表示祝愿、但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中
13、）。如：May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。虚拟语气练习题 ( A )1. If I _ you, I wouldnt return the call. A. be B. am C. was D. were2. If I _ the way to New York, I _. A. knew ; would drive B. knew; will drive C. knew; would have drive D. had known; would drive3. Dont touch the sleeping tiger. If
14、 he woke up, he _ you. A. would attack B. should attack C. would have attacked D. will attack4. If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was/ shall pay B. am/ will pay C. would be/ would pay D. were/ would pay5. - I thought you would come back tomorrow. - I would if I _ to at
15、tend a meeting. A. dont have B. didnt have C. will not have D. would not have 6. Mary is ill today. If she _ , she _ absent from school. A. were not ill; wouldn t beB. had been ill; wouldnt have been C. had been ill; should have beenD. hadnt been ill; could be ( B )7. If you had told me in advance,
16、I _ him at the airport. A. would meet B. would had meet C. would have met D. would have meet8. If it _ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. A. had rained B. would had rained C. have seen D. did see9. I would have gone to the meeting if I _ time. A. had had B. have had C. had D.
17、would have had10. The Bakers arrived last night, if theyd let us know earlier, _ at the station. A. wed meet them B. well meet them C. wed have met them D. weve met them11. If I had known that, I _ so. A. wouldnt do B. wouldnt have done C. wont do D. have not done12. -Helen couldnt got to France aft
18、er all.-Thats too bad, Im sure she would have enjoyed it if _. A. shes gone B. shell go C. shed gone D. shed go13. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history.A. hadnt read B. hasnt read C. wouldnt readD. didnt read14. We might have failed if you _ us a helping hand.
19、 A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give15. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got ( C )16 If he _ to the teacher attentively, he _ the answer to the
20、 problem now. A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know17. If you were old enough, I _ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed18. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain ye
21、sterday.A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb ( D )19. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been20. _it rain
22、tomorrow， we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will21. _, I would take an umbrella with me. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you22. _ no air or water, there would be no life in the world. A. Were there B. There are C. There
23、 was D. Is there23. Had I known her name, _. A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live? C. she would be beautiful D. I would have invited her to lunch24. _ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves25. _ it _ for your help,
24、 I couldnt have made any progress.A. Were; not B. Had; not been C. Should; not been D. Did; be26. _ for the free tickets，I would not have gone to the film so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not27. _ I to tell her about it, she would be very glad. A. Should B.
25、 Would C. Were D. Might( E )28. Without your help, I _ in my English study. A. would not have succeeded B. hadnt succeeded C. will not succeed D. wont have succeeded29. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be30 . Without sunlight or wa
26、ter or air, there _ no life on the earth. A. will have B. would be C. should be D. must be 31. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat,the earth at night_,too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly32. But for your
27、advice, I_ into trouble. A. would get B. got C. might have got D. should get 33. But for the snow, we _ earlier. A. will arrive B. should have arrived C. arrive D. arrived34. -Where have you been? -I got caught in the traffic; _ I could have been here soon.A. otherwise B. however C. though D. anyway
28、35. John was very busy last week, otherwise, he _ to attend the meeting.A. would have come B. would come C. should come D. came36. I would have come earlier, but I _ that you were waiting for me. A. didnt know B. hadnt know C. would have known D. havent known37. I would have gone there with you but
29、I _ too tired then. A. were B. had been C. was D. have been38.I should very much like to have gone to the party but I _. A. am not invited B. was not invited C. shall not be invited D. am not being invited (F)39. The boy acted _ he had never lived in Canada before. A. as though B. even if C. as D. s
30、ince40. I cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known41. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C.were broken D. had been broken42. The thief closed his eyes _ he _ dying.A. even if; was B. eve
31、n though; would be C. when; had been D. as if; were43. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _round the earth. A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling44. If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. s
32、hould know D. knew45 If only I _ your advice! A. had taken B. tookC. would takeD. have taken46. She wishes she _ to the theatre last night.A. wentB. would goC. had goneD. were going 47. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he _ be tall when he grows up. A. could B. shouldC. would D. were ab
33、le to48. Id rather you _ right away. A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave49. Dont come this afternoon. Id rather you _ tomorrow. A. come B. to come C. came D. will come50. Frankly, Id rather you _ nothing about it at the meeting yesterday. A. said B. had said C. said D. should 51. She would ra
34、ther _ more money on books _ on clothes. A. cost; not B. to spare; dont C. pay; than D. spend; than52. Isnt it about time that you _ to pick up the visitors from New York?A. wentB. shall go C. goD. will go53. It is high time we _ up our results. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum ( G )54. I r
35、ecommended that the student _ his composition as soon as possible. A. finishing writing B. should finish the writing C. finish writing D. finished writing55. The Law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year. A. has B. had C will have D. have56. He demanded that the laboratory re
36、port _ immediately after the experiment was done. A. was written B. be written C. must be written D. would be written.57. She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him，but he didnt believe it.A. hadnt spokenB. shouldnt speak C. wouldnt speakD. not speak58. The librarian insists that John _ no more b
37、ooks from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed. A. will take B. took C. take D. takes59. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free immediately.A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set 60. My sister advised me that I _ accept
38、 the invitation.A. could B. must C. should D. might61.Our monitor requested that _. A. all the class studied more carefully the problemB. the problem was more carefully studiedC. with great care the problem could be studied D. all the class study the problem more carefully62. It was ordered that no
39、smoking _ in the library.A. is allowed B. be allowed C. should allow D. will be allowed 63. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given64. The old professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 6
40、.A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished 65. The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring66. His silence at the meeting suggested that he _ to your plan.A. didnt agree B. hadnt agreed C. wouldnt agreeD. not agree 专心-专注-专业