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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2012届高考英语二轮专题复习阅读理解题型专讲专练【细节理解题】做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题就是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。除了运用扫读法外，还可以兼用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法及技巧。查阅是在读者对材料有所熟悉的情况下进行的，它的特点
2、是带着问题去寻求答案，它往往与略读综合使用。例如： The World Trade Organization (WTO), founded on January 1, 1995, aims to encourage international trade to flow as possible, making sure that trade agreements are respected and that any disputes can be settled.In the five years since its founding, the WTO has become well know
3、n as one of the worlds most powerful economic organizations, taking its place alongside the World Bank and International Money Fund.The system of global rules for international trade, however, dates back half a century to 1948 when the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was formed after World Wa
4、r II.As time went by, is became clear that the GATT had two major drawbacks-the limited areas of trade it covered, and the lack of an effective system to settle disputes. After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called Uruguay Round finally give birth to the WTO, complete with an effe
5、ctive system to settle disputes and new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property.Even after seven years of talks and 22, 500 pages of agreements, there were still problems, especially the difficulty to deal with areas of agriculture and services, which the member nations agreed to
6、revise in 2000, The WTO, with its head office in Geneva, has 135 members with 30 more waiting to join.45. From the passage we know that the GATT stopped working _.A. soon after World War II ended B. a little more than 50 years after World War II C. just in the year 1994 D. seven years before the Uru
7、guay Round talk46. Compared with the GATT, the WTO _.A. didnt pay enough attention to services and intellectual propertyB. got its members to sign the agreements more easilyC. has got to many areas of international trade to deal with to work effectivelyD. can do better to settle disputes in more are
8、as of international trade47. In the new century the WTO will _.A. take the place of the World Bank and International Monetary FundB. have more members and settle more problemsC. make complete new rules in every area of international tradeD. have new rules covering trade in services and intellectual
9、property【猜测词义题】第一招利用上下文语境线索If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I dont like to be with him. A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken 根据I dont like to be with him我们感受到说话人的语气。我不愿意跟他在一起，那么，他要邀请我出去是不可能的 他就大错特错了。因此答案D。练习： （1）A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.
10、 （2）The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing. （3）All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake. （4）For people who live within a stones
11、 throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable. （5）The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles. (6). Charlottes tale was inspired by the girls coin
12、collection. “Weve collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”The underlined wore “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _.A. story B. collection C. inspiration D. foreign coin (7). In 1963 a schoolb
13、oy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the worlds greatest mathematical 17th century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in
14、 order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?A. To encourage people to raise questions. B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation. D. To limit peoples ima
15、gination. (8). Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houngs deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could survive. Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend o
16、n his own work. 42. The underlined word “donation” in Paragraph 3 probably means _.A. invitation to give a speech B. something, especially given to help othersC. questions asked by interviewers D. chances to be a hero第二招利用定义和解释性线索1. 直接定义： 如： In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in whic
17、h a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 根据上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。 定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent等。2. 同位语：构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other
18、words, namely, or other, say, ie. 等副词或短语出现。 3. 定语从句：定语从句有时起着解释和说明的作用，据此我们可以推断出所修饰词的含义。如： The herdsman,_who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧羊人”。(2010年四川师大附中高三模拟题) You should never put a cotton swab or other object into the ear canal. But you
19、can use a swab or cloth to clean the outer part of the ear. The experts agree with the old saying that you should never put anything smaller than your elbow in your ear.()What does a “swab” mostly probably mean?A. something soft, small and used in clinics B. something hard, long and used at homeC. s
20、omething thin, wet and like an elbow D. something safe, big and like a toy 练习(1)Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.（2）The best football, basketball and tennis players can become p
21、rofessional that means they will have a career in sports and will get money when they play. （3）Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. （4）The word “lefty” means a person who uses his or her left hand for writing, eating and other jobs.（5）Doctors recommended tha
22、t everyone exercise every day, particular those who spend many hours doing sedentary activities like reading, typing or sewing. （6）A person who has the SARS （非典型肺炎）may have symptoms like coughing and a high temperature. （7）(2011湖南卷C篇) The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the A
23、frican savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists. 67. The underlined word “diverge
24、nce” in paragraph 4 means “_”. A. evolution B. exhibition C. separation D. examination (7)1. The elder learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized: loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and lose of memory. (8). Some ships carried cargo such as
25、coal, oil and military supplies (军用物资),while others carried only passengers. (9). Scientists grow large quantities of common mould (霉菌)so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that is , substances that kill germs. (10). Marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and ani
26、mals and their relation, has furthered the efficient development of fisheries. (11). Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.第三招利用因果关系如： Tom is considered an autocratic administrator b
27、ecause he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. 根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以推断出生词autocratic指“独断专行的”。因果关系的语境，通常由because, so ,therefore, so that, so / such that 等连词体现。1. Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page. jazz: 1. n. a type of music that origina
28、ted in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang. Empty talk. 4. adj. of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records.What does the word “jazz” mean in the following sentence?Dont give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.A. Rhythmi
29、c beats. B. A type of music. C. A kind of dance. D. Meaningless talk.2. The biggest power failure happened yesterday. All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted.3. He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull at Karen and Todd until they sat up. Then he helped each other out o
30、f the house to the safety of the garden. There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick breaths and coughing, collapsed on the lawn.第四招利用反义词或反义关系有的文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这种句子多见unlike, although, but, yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, for one
31、thing, for another, intead of, rather than等信息词。如： Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中短语in contrast(相对照的，相对比的)提示我们supercilious和后面词组humble and modest(谦卑又谦虚)是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的，傲慢
32、的”。 再如：One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.A. Quite right. B. Time enough. C. Most unlike. D. Just the opposite.1. Most of us agreed; h
33、owever, Gary dissented.2. He is homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.3. “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.”The underlined word “cultivated”(Paragraph 1) roughly means _.A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed4 On
34、e idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse , business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.Which of the following can be used in place of “quite the reverse”?A. Quite right. B. Time enough. C
35、. Most unlikely D. Just the opposite.5. Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. But no one panicked, We passed the time telling stories.6. Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japans population is quite homogeneous.第五招利用同义线索和同等关系同义词替换可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一
36、些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有similarly, like, just as, also, as well等。如： Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之间为类比关系。以此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。同等关系是指一个词、一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且他们的词义属一范畴。只要我们认识其中一个或几个词或短语，即可确定同等关系中生词的词性，作用和大概意思。在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根
37、据语言环境推断生词词义。(2010年湖南省六校联考) But sometimes I just feel loath to talk to these people. Sometimes, I just want to be alone, quietly, without being forced to listen to their gossip or other useless words.()The underlined word “loath” in this paragraph has the closest meaning to _.A. unwilling B. eagerC.
38、pleased D. hurt练习1. Millions of animals die each year on US roads, the Federal Highway administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the US today. The main reason? Roadkill.2. mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved.3. W
39、e should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, of they will make our speech silly and vulgar.第六招利用例证性线索 某些冷僻的词汇后会举一个例子，使词汇具体易懂。Such as, like, for example, for instance等连接性词语往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的名词。1. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Lang
40、uage Teaching in School, of English learning.2. Many United nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Simpson, for example, speaks five languages fluently.第七招根据构词法中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super(超), inter(在之间), able(能的), mini(极少的，微型的)，micro(极微小的), re(再，反复), sub(分支的，底下), co(共同), post(后), pre(前), trans(超越；转换), under
41、(在之下；低于；不足), hood(状态；性质；时期), ish(如的；有点儿的); proof(防的；不能穿透的), scope(景), ship(身份；资格；权力；性质), some(易于的), wards(向), mis(误；恶), un(不；非), in(不；非), im(不； 非), dis(不), non (不；非)，less(不；无), anti(反；防), sino(中国)。如： He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious,_for a few minutes. 根据词根conscious(清醒的，有意识的)，结合前缀se
42、mi(半，部分的，不完全的), 我们便可猜出semiconscious词义“半清醒的，半昏迷的”。(2010年广东华南师大附中高三综合测试)Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer and eye cataracts. Understanding why can help us improve human health. Chemicals extracted from shark cartilage have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory
43、animals, a research that someday could help prolong your life. ()The underlined word “prolong” in the paragraph means _. A. save B. protect C. lengthen D. improve判断代词的确指对象1. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to
44、be saved.2. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that more and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.第八招注意熟词生义英语中大量的词汇具有多义性，其含义并非完全等同于词典所标注的汉语意思，具体的词义需要在一定的上下文中体现出来。阅读理解中的熟悉词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有量的规定，不得超过3%；其二，熟悉词生义很容易引起考生
45、的误解；其三，熟悉词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。下题中划线的词可换为：1. New York, 10 November, 5:27 p.m.,yesterday. Biggest power failure in the citys history.A. enough B. not passing C. lack of D. lack2. A bike tour and race will be held in August 26 and 27. At 5:30 a .m. , the riders will leave Tianan Men squa
46、re and ride the first 35 kilometers as a training lge . Then the next 55 kilometers from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive part for the tour.A. race B. practice C. part of the training D. part of the tour第九招根据常识或经验猜测词义在阅读中碰到生词时，我们有时可以运用逻辑推理能力、自身的生活经验及生活常识去推断生词的含义。当然也要结合语境。1. Rainfores
47、ts like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.The underlined phrase “mopping up ” in the second paragraph means _.A. cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving up2. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took a mop . She pushed past the desk and as the nurse looked up. Mum nodded and said, “Very dirty floor.” 第十招利用词性转化1. The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors battled nature with the basic tools they h