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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上桥梁工程毕业设计 专心-专注-专业 题目：桥梁工程毕业设计学 院 ：建筑工程学院年 级 ： 班 级 ：道路桥梁 目录2.4排水设施摘要了解并掌握中小跨径简支梁桥上部结构的一般设计方法，具备初步独立设计能力。初步掌握简支梁桥荷载横向分布系数m的计算方法，支点截面采用杠杆原理法，跨中用偏心压力法，分清适用条件，并且熟练掌握其计算步骤。掌握主梁内力计算步骤，正确的进行内力组合。熟练掌握横隔梁的内力计算、行车道板内力计算。提高综合运用所学理论知识，具有独立分析问题和解决问题的能力。第一章 设计资料1、标准跨径:25m；2、桥面净宽:净9+21.0；3、汽车荷载:公路-级；4、
2、人群荷载:3.5kN/m2。第二章 构造设计根据设计资料,采用预制装配式混凝土简支T形梁桥。2.1 主梁该桥梁标准跨径为25m，根据桥面宽度及吊装条件，取主梁片数为5片；主梁间距采用2.2m（1.52.2m）；高度为计算跨径的1/111/18,故取梁高为1.5m；主梁肋宽为0.18m；翼缘根部厚度0.40m，边缘厚度为0.12m。如图2-1所示。 图21 桥梁横断面图（尺寸单位：mm）2.2 横隔梁及横向联接构造 在桥跨方向设置4道横隔梁,间距为4.85m。端横隔梁与梁同高，即1.5m。.内横隔梁高度一般为主梁梁肋高度的0.70.9倍，故取高为1.2m。横隔梁的横向联接采用钢板焊接联接。2.3
3、桥面铺装采用沥青混凝土桥面铺装，首先在桥面板上铺C25混凝土（容重为24KN/）,并铺成横截面上双向横坡均为1.5%的横坡，并采用沥青涂胶防水层作为防水层，即洒水布薄层沥青或改性沥青，其上布一层砂，经碾压形成厚1cm，其上为7cm厚的C25混凝土，其上沥青混凝土2cm如图2-2:2.4排水设置在距路缘石30cm处泄水管，泄水管口直径为圆形16cm，采用聚乙烯PE塑料管，顶面做成倾斜桥面1.5%的单向横坡，设1m高的栏杆，桥两端采用20cm20cm,高1m的混凝土柱，其余每隔5m设一柱，均为人行道底板伸出的钢筋和10m照明用灯，每侧栏杆及人行道构件重量的作用力为5N/m. 图22 桥面铺装及排水
4、层的设置 2.5伸缩缝及支座设置由于是小桥梁采用U形镀锌铁皮伸缩缝20cm,变形40cm且设在桥梁的一端桥墩处，支座采用0.140.18m的板式橡胶支座，两层薄钢板（2mm）最外层橡胶为5mm，总厚度为14mm.第三章 行车道板内力计算与荷载组合3.1结构自重及其内力计算:(按纵向1m宽的板条计算) 1.每延米板上的结构自重g 表31 每延米板上的结构自重g .沥青表面处治（0.05+0.01）123=1.38kN/m混凝土垫层（0.04+0.03）124=1.68kN/mT梁翼板自重(0.12+0.16)/21.025=3.5 kN/m合计kN/m2.每米宽板条的恒载内力kNm kN 3.2
5、汽车车辆荷载产生的内力将车辆荷载后轮作用于钢缝轴线上,后轴作用力为P=140KN,轮压分布宽度如图3-1,车辆荷载后轮着地长度为=0.20m,宽度为=0.60m, =+2H=0.20+20.11=0.42m =+2H=0.60+20.11=0.82m 荷载对于悬臂根部的有效分布宽度:a=+d+2=0.42+1.4+20.7=3.22m.汽车荷载全部加载在T梁的翼板上,冲击系数取1+=1.3.用于每米宽板条上的弯矩为: =(1+)() =KN.m 作用于每米宽板条上的剪力为:=(1)=1.3(1402)/(43.8)=23.95KN. 图31 梁受车轮荷载横断面图（尺寸单位：mm）3.3内力组合
6、 表32 承载能力极限状态内力组合计算表 基本组合=1.2+1.4=1.2(1.65)+1.4(19.4)=-29.14KN.m=1.2+1.4=1.24.66+1.423.95=39.12KN 所以,行车道板的设计内力为：=-29.14KN.m. =39.12KN 表33 正常使用极限状态内力组合计算表 短期效应组合=+0.7=1.65+0.7(19.4)1.3=12.09KN.m=+0.7=4.66+0.723.951.3=17.56KN第四章 主梁内力计算与荷载组合4.1结构自重产生的内力主梁的横断面尺寸及纵向尺寸如下（图41）图41 简支T梁的主梁和横隔梁简图（尺寸单位：mm）表41
7、结构自重集度计算表 主梁kN/m横隔梁对于边主梁kN/m对于中主梁 kN/m桥面铺装层 kN/m栏杆和人行道kN/m合计对于边主梁=13.31+1.55+4.93+2=21.79KN/m对于中主梁kN/m表42 边主梁结构自重产生内力计算表 剪力Q(KN )弯矩M(KNm)X=0Q=21.79/219.5=212.5（中227.57）M=0X=1/4Q=21.79/2(19.5219.5/4)=102.969（中106.23） M=21.79/219.5/4(19.519.5/4)=776.78（中832）X=1/2Q=0M=1/821.7919.52=1036(中1109) 4.2汽车,人群
8、荷载作用效应计算计算荷载位于靠近主梁支点时的荷载横向分布系数mo,可用杠杆原理法。 +图42 杠杆原理法计算横向分布系数 (尺寸单位:mm)a) 桥梁横截面;b)荷载横向分布影响线；c)号梁荷载横向分布影响线；d) 梁荷载横向分布影响线. 按=,可得以下梁的荷载横向分布系数梁: = =1.273 梁: =0.5 =0 梁: =0.5 =0此桥设有刚度强大的横隔梁,且承重结构的跨宽比为: =2.272可以用偏心压力法计算跨中截面荷载横向分布系数mc。 图43 荷载横向分布影响线（尺寸单位：mm）求荷载横向分布影响线竖标.本桥各根主梁横截面均相等,梁数n=5,梁间距为2.2m,则:=+ =+ =4
9、8.4由式=; 梁在两个边主梁处的横向影响线的竖标值为=+=0.2+0.4=0.60=0.20.4=0.20给出荷载横向分布影响线,并按最不利位置布置如上图43计算荷载横向分布系数mc 梁的活载横向分布系数分别计算如下:汽车荷载: =人群荷载: =0.7同理梁: =+=0.2+0.2=0.4;=0.20.2=0 =;=0.46 同理梁： = +;= =(0.27)=0.7 =0.2梁 号荷 载 位 置公路级人群荷载 梁跨中mc0.760.71支点mo0.591.43 梁跨中mc0.660.46支点mo0.790 梁跨中mc0.70.2支点mo0.790表44 荷载横向分布系数表45 荷载和内力
10、影响线面积计表 类型截面公路-级均布荷载(KN/m)人群(KN/m)影响线面积(或m)影响线图式Ml/210.50.75=7.8754.5=47.5Ql/27.8754.5=19.5=4.88Ql/27.8754.5=119.5=9.757.8754.5=公路级中集中荷载Pk计算.计算弯矩效应时 =0.75238=178.5KN. 计算剪效应时=1.2178.5=214.2KN.计算冲击系数:简支梁桥基频计算. 单根主梁A=0.533 =0.11386;G=0.53325=13.325N/m=G/g=13.325/9.81=1.36KN/ C30混凝土E=3N/=6.54HZ=0.17671n
11、f0.0157=0.316 则(1+)=1.316梁号截面荷载类型或(KN/m)(KN)(1+)或yS(KNm或KN)S1号梁Ml/2公路级10.52601.3160.7645.5372.121243.454.575874.03人群3.50.7143.5153.76Ql/2公路级10.5309.61.3160.764.58378.44148.710.43101.27人群3.50.714.6814.592号梁Ml/2公路级10.52601.3160.6643.5329.91084.74.675757.81人群3.50.4641.593.325Ql/2公路级10.5309.61.3160.664.
12、4832.38123.530.696.15人群3.50.464.2812.13号梁Ml/2公路级10.52601.3160.7044.5343.591145.214.175802.62人群3.50.2046.543.75Ql/2公路级10.5309.61.3160.70 4.4833.4134.87跨中截面汽车，人群作用效应计算如下（表46）图44 1梁支点剪力计算图示支点截面汽车荷载最大剪力计算m变化区荷载重心处的内力影响线坐标:a=0.5019.5-4.85=4.9m=1(19.54.9)/19.5=0.916=(1+)+() =1.31617.8750.769.75+(0.50.76)
13、0.916=74.48KN =(1+)=1.31610.59214.21.0=167.31KN 则公路-级作用下,1梁支点最大剪力为: =+=74.48+167.31=241.79KN人群荷载引起的支点剪力:=+() =0.714.59.75+ (1.430.71) 4.50.916=36.42 同理梁支点截面最剪力:=(1)() =1.31617.8750.469.75+(0.79-0.66) 0.916 =47.49KN=(1+)=1.3160.79214.5=166.31KN.则公路-级作用下,1梁支点最大剪力为: =+=47.49+166.31=269.49KN人群荷载引起的支点剪力:
14、=()=0.464.59.75(00.72) 4.50.916=14KN梁支点截面最大剪力:=(1)()=1.31617.8750.79.75(0.79-0.7) 0.916=73.21KN=(1)=1.31610.5214.51=224KN.在公路-级作用下, 梁支点最大剪力:=73.21+224=298.31KN人群荷载作用下引起的支点剪力:=() =0.24.59.75(00.2) 4.50.916=6.56KN以上结论综合于下表 表47 汽车，人群荷载作用梁 号公 路 - 级人 群 荷 载241.79KN36.42KN269.49KN14KN298.31KN6.56KN四分点的弯矩值：
15、=937.64 =811.7 =858.83 4.3主梁内力组合 表48 主梁承载能力极限状态内力组合计算表1 序号荷载类别 弯矩M(KNm) 剪力Q(KN)梁端四分点跨中梁端跨中结构自重0776.781036212.50汽车荷载0933.641244.4523979145.71人群荷载0113.9151.7638.4215.541.2(1)0932.141243.225501.4(2)01307.11742.23355.72040.81.4(3)0127.57169.9743.0317.46Sud=(4)(5)(6)02366.813155.4652.73221.462 结构自重083211
16、09227.570汽车荷载0810.71080.7272.49126.53人群荷载073.898.3251310.11.2(1)0987.61330.8273.0801.4(2)01134.981512.98381.4900.81.4(3)082.66110.1214.560Sud=(4)(5)(6)02205.242953.9669.1303 结构自重08321109227.570汽车荷载0859.831146.21296.31133.87人群荷载032.942.756.764.3921.2(1)0998.41330.8273.0801.4(2)01203.761604.69414.8318
17、7.420.81.4(3)036.8547.887.57149.93Sud=(4)(5)(6)02239.012983.37695.48337.35第五章 横隔梁内力计算与荷载组合5.1求装配式T梁在2、3号主梁之间rr 截面上的弯矩对于跨中横隔梁的最不利荷载布置如下: 图51 跨中横隔梁的截图示(尺寸单位:mm)纵向列车轮对于中横隔梁的计算荷载为:计算弯矩时=()=(7.8754.8521.0178.5 1.0)=102.35KN计算剪力时=147.62KN5.2绘制中横隔梁的内力影响线由前求得.梁横向分布影响线竖标值.则 mr的影响线竖标可计算如下:P=1作用在梁轴上时(=0.5 , =0
18、.2) =1.5d0.5d11.5d=0.61.52.20.40.52.211.52.26=0.88P=1作用在梁轴上时=1.5d0.5d=0.21.52.20=0.66P=1作用在梁轴上时 (=0.2, =0.2) =1.5d0.5d =0.21.52.20.20.52.2=0.885.3绘制剪力影响线对于主梁处截面的影响线可计算如下:P=1作用在计算截面以右时: = 即= P=1作用在计算截面以左时: =1 即=15.4截面内力计算将求得的计算荷载在相应的影响线上按最不得荷载位置加载,对于汽车荷载并计入冲击力(1)表51结构内力计算表 公路级弯矩=1.3161102.35（1.36+0.1
19、3）=200.69KNm剪力=1.3161147.62(0.44+0.44+0.32+0.15)=258.71 KN5.5内力组合(鉴于横隔梁的结构自重内力极小,计算中可略去不计)表52 承载能力极限状态内力组合基本组合=01.4200.69=280.97KN.m=01.4258.71=362.19KN.m表53 正常使用极限状态内力组合. 短期效应组合=00.7198.21.316=105.42KN.m=00.7258.711.316=137.61KN 参考文献1.桥梁工程，邵旭东 ，人民交通出版社2.简支梁桥示例集易建国，人民交通出版社3公路桥涵设计手册梁桥 ，人民交通出版社附录： Fro
20、m the world of radio in the world to a single chip Modern computer technology, industrial revolution, the world economy from the capital into the economy to knowledge economy. Field in the electronic world, from the 20th century into the era of radio to computer technology in the 21st century as the
21、 center of the intelligent modern era of electronic systems. The basic core of modern electronic systems are embedded computer systems (referred to as embedded systems), while the microcontroller is the most typical and most extensive and most popular embedded systems. First, radio has created gener
22、ations of excellence in the world Fifties and sixties in the 20th century, the most representative of the advanced electronic technology is wireless technology, including radio broadcasting, radio, wireless communications (telegraph), Amateur Radio, radio positioning, navigation and other telemetry,
23、 remote control, remote technology. Early that these electronic technology led many young people into the wonderful digital world, radio show was a wonderful life, the prospects for science and technology. Electronics began to form a new discipline. Radio electronics, wireless communications began e
24、-world journey. Radio technology not only as a representative of advanced science and technology at that time, but also from popular to professional fields of science, attracting the young people and enable them to find a lot of fun. Ore from the bedside to the superheterodyne radio radio; report is
25、sued from the radio amateur radio stations; from the telephone, electric bell to the radio control model. Became popular youth radio technology, science and technology education is the most popular and most extensive content. So far, many of the older generation of engineers, experts, Professor of t
26、he year are radio enthusiasts. Fun radio technology, radio technology, comprehensive training, from basic principles of electronics, electronic components to the radio-based remote control, telemetry, remote electronic systems, has trained several generations of technological excellence. Second, fro
27、m the popularity of the radio era to era of electronic technology The early radio technology to promote the development of electronic technology, most notably electronic vacuum tube technology to semiconductor electronic technology. Semiconductor technology to realize the active device miniaturizati
28、on and low cost, so more popular with radio technology and innovation, and to greatly broaden the number of non-radio-control areas. The development of semiconductor technology lead to the production of integrated circuit, forming the modern electronic technology leap from discrete electronics into
29、the era of era of integrated circuits. Electronic design engineers no longer use the discrete electronic components designed circuit modules, and direct selection of integrated circuit components constitute a single system. They freed the design of the circuit unit dedicated to system design, greatl
30、y liberating the productive forces of science and technology, promote the wider spread of electronic systems. Semiconductor integrated circuits in the basic digital logic circuits first breakthrough. A large number of digital logic circuits, such as gates, counters, timers, shift registers, and anal
31、og switches, comparators, etc., for the electronic digital control provides excellent conditions for the traditional mechanical control to electronic control. Power electronic devices and sensor technology to make the original to the radio as the center of electronic technology turned to mechanical
32、engineering in the field of digital control systems, testing in the field of information collection, movement of electrical mechanical servo drive control object. Semiconductor and integrated circuit technology will bring us a universal age of electronic technology, wireless technology as the field
33、of electronic technology a part of. 70 years into the 20th century, large scale integrated circuit appeared to promote the conventional electronic circuit unit-specific electronic systems development. Many electronic systems unit into a dedicated integrated devices such as radios, electronic clocks,
34、 calculators, electronic engineers in these areas from the circuit, the system designed to debug into the device selection, peripheral device adapter work. Electronic technology, and electronic products enriched, electronic engineers to reduce the difficulty, but at the same time, radio technology,
35、electronic technology has weakened the charm. The development of semiconductor integrated circuits classical electronic systems are maturing, remain in the large scale integrated circuit other than the shrinking of electronic technology, electronic technology is not the old days of radio fun times a
36、nd comprehensive engineering training. Third, from the classic era of electronic technology to modern electronic technology of the times 80 years into the 20th century, the century of economic change is the most important revolution in the computer. The computer revolution in the most important sign
37、 is the birth of the computer embedded applications. Modern computer numerical requirements should be born. A long period of time, is to develop the massive computer numerical duty. But the computer shows the logic operation, processing, control, attracting experts in the field of electronic control
38、, they want development to meet the control object requirements of embedded applications, computer systems. If you meet the massive data-processing computer system known as general-purpose computer system, then the system can be the embedded object (such as ships, aircraft, motorcycles, etc.) in a c
39、omputer system called the embedded computer. Clearly, both the direction of technology development are different. The former requires massive data storage, handling, processing and analysis of high-speed data transmission; while the latter requires reliable operation in the target environment, the e
40、xternal physical parameters on high-speed acquisition, analysis and processing logic and the rapid control of external objects. It will add an early general-purpose computer data acquisition unit, the output driver circuit reluctance to form a heat treatment furnace temperature control system. This general-purpose computer system is not possible for most