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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上动词的时态和语态第一讲动词时态【中考解读】【考点分布】1.一般现在时 2.一般过去时 3.一般将来时 4.现在进行时 5.过去进行时 6.现在完成时【考点内容】 了解并能运用常考的六种时态，尤其熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时、进 行时等高频时态，正确辨析几种易混时态的区别。【命题趋势】动词的时态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主， 体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。六种时态的构成和用法1. 一般现在时种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句一般现在时(考查3次）1. 现在经常性的状态或动作2.客观事实和真理1.be：用am/is/are；
2、2.实义动词：主语是第一、二人称用原形；第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词词尾加-s/-es；其它人称和数用动词原形often,sometimes,usually,always,never,twiceamonth,onSundays,Every day/week/month/year.(every系列)Theboyusuallygetstoschool early.这个男孩经常到校很早。Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.月亮绕着地球转。 【注：第三人称单数变化形式】a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s .come-comes speak-speaks work-works live-
3、livesb)以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es.do-does go-goes finish-finishes brush-brushes fix-fixes pass-passes watch-watchesc)以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es.Study-studies carry-carries cry-criesd)以“元音字母y”结尾的单词直接加-s.play-plays stay-stays【2013中考真题训练】 1.Your uncle will come to see you as soon as he _ here. (arrive) （
4、）2.Our physics teacher told us light _ faster than sound. A. travels B. traveled C. traveling D. to travel【重庆1】 It will be hard for us to get up in the morning if we _to bed too late Ago B. went C. will go D. have gone【辽宁鞍山1】 It only_ him 20 minutes _to his office every day.【重庆市A】In Chongqing, you c
5、an often see many people dance outside together if it _ in the evening.【四川南允2】34. Carmen likes musicians who _ different kinds of music. A. plays B. play C. is playing D. was playing【广东省1】 I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight. Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the ma
6、tch _. A. starts B. started C. will start D. is starting【四川广安2】May I speak to Ms Lane, please? Sorry, she isnt in right now. Ill tell you as soon as she_ back tomorrow. A. comeB. comesC. will come【山东滨州3】Do you know if he will come tomorrow? No. But if he _, Ill call you to have a meal together. A. w
7、ill come B. wont come C. comes D. doesnt come2. 一般过去时种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句一般过去时(考查10次）表示过去的动作或状态1.was/were+表语2.实义动词作谓语amomentago=justnow,ago,lastnight/week/month.(last系列),yesterday,theotherday,usedto，thedaybeforeyesterdayWewenttotheHistoryMuseumlastMonday.上周一我们去了历史博物馆。Iwasbusyyesterday.我昨天很忙。【湖南邵阳1】30.Do
8、you hear_ just now? A. what I said B. what Im sayingC. what I says【浙江嘉兴2】Tom _ the piano every day when he was in primary school. A. plays B. played C. was playing D. has played.【2014山东菏泽2】 -Have you finished your homework yet? -Yes, I _ it twenty minutes ago. A. have finished B. finished C. will fi
9、nish D. had finished3一般将来时种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句备注一般将来时将来的动作或状态1.助动词will（shall）+动词原形2.am/is/aregoingto+动词原形tonight,tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,fromnowon,soon,inthefuture,nextyear,nextweek/month/term.(next系列)Thetwinswillgotothecinemawiththeirparentstonight.这对双胞胎今晚和父母一起去看电影。在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。【注意】：（1
10、）见表格一般将来时（2）shall往往用于第一人称疑问句，will可用于任何人称。（3）will常用于表邀请或命令时以及带有意愿色彩。 1.重庆A卷Dont worry. Bill will help you look after your dog when you _ away on business. A. areB. wereC. will be D. have been2. 山东烟台 Yesterday the teacher told us the earth _ the sun. A.goes around B. went around C. is going around D.
11、would go around 3.湖南长沙 -I think Ill take a bus to the meeting. -The bus ? If you _, you will be late. A.do B.have done C.will do 4.四川宜宾 We dont know if our friend _. If he _, well let you know. A.comes, comes B.comes, will come C.will come, comes【新疆阜康市、米泉市2】 Mike，you look so excited！ Yeah! There _ a
12、 tennis game played by Li Na this evening. A. will have B. is going to be C. is going to have D. are going to be【贵州黔西南1】 There _ a basketball match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon. A. is going to be B. will have C. are going to be D. is going to have 【2014四川南允4】I dont know if Tom _
13、here tomorrow. If he _, Ill call you. A. comes; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; will come D. will come; comes云南1】 If there _ no buying and selling of animals, there will be no killing in nature. A. is B. will be C. has D. will have Im not sure. There are still 3 rounds to come. A. won B. has
14、 won C. will win D. Wins【甘肃兰州3】We wonder if our teachers _ to our graduating party next weekend. If they _，well be very happy. A. will come; will come B. come; will come C. will come; come D. come; come【安徽3】Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He _ a speech there in two days. A. givesB. gaveC. will give
15、D. has given【山东枣庄1】 If I make a lot of money I _ give some to medical research or charities. A. am going to B. can C. will D. should4现在进行时种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句备注现在进行时(考查1次）1.现在时刻动作：目前正在发生的动作。2.现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。am/is/are+动词的现在分词now,atpresent,atthemoment,thesedays,look,listenLook!Whatarethechil
16、drendoingoverthere?看，孩子们在那边做什么？come,go,leave等少数动词的现在进行时形式可表示将要发生的动作。【 现在进行时的考点】（1）在语境中判断该动词是否正在进行。 Dont make any noise. Dad is sleeping.不要发出任何噪声，爸爸正在睡觉。（2）表示位置移动或状态转移的动词（come，go，leave，arrive） 可用进行时表示将来的动作。(3) 表示静止状态（be，have，seem）、认识、感觉或情感 （see，hear，find，understand，know，think，like，love，want，hope，pref
17、er） 等动词一般没有进行时态【注】动词现在分词的构成 一般动词直接在词后加-i专心-专注-专业 以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，应先去掉 e 然后加 in 以“一个元音字母 + 一个辅音字母”结尾的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ingstopstopping beginbeginning dig digging swimswimmingrun running sitsitting(注意：listen listening open opening eat eating rain raining sleep - sleeping)1.四川成都-Lily, where is your fath
18、er now? Go and get him for lunch. -Just a moment, please. Father _ a phone call in his room. A.makes B. is making C.was making 2. 江西 -May I speak to Mrs. Black ? -Sorry, mum cant come to the phone now. She _ a shower. A.has B.had C.is having D.was having3福建福州-Pass the raincoat to me. It_hard now. -H
19、ere you are. A.is raining B.rained C.will rain4. 湖南株洲 Dont enter the area. The students_an English exam. A.takes B.are taking C.have taken 5. 江苏南京 -Hi, Nora. Is your mother at home ? -Just a minute. She _flowers in the garden. A.plant B.is planting C.planted D.was planted 4. 过去进行时种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句过去进行
20、时过去某时正在进行的动作was/were+动词的现在分词atthattime,thistimeyesterday,at1:00lastnight,atthatmoment,then;when表示过去时间的状语从句Iwasreadingwhenhecamein.当他进来的时候，我正在读书。Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?昨天晚上9点你正在干什么？IwaswatchingTVatthattime.那时我正在看电视。过去进行时的考点（1）在过去某个时间点或过去某个阶段发生的事情用过去进行时。（2）在复合句中，如果两个动作同时发生，那么延续性动词用过去进行时；短暂性动词
21、用一般过去时。通常在when或while引导的时间状语从句中出现。 I am doing my homework when he came.当他来的时候我正在做作业【四川凉山3】 - It seems that you are happy. Why? -I met an old friend of mine while I _ on the street. A. walks B. walk C. was walking D. am walking【江苏扬州4】一Has your friend completed his design? 一Not yet. He_ on it last nigh
22、t. A. worked B. has worked C. is working D. was working【湖南长沙3】Little Tom _computer games when his mother got home. A.is playing B. plays C. was playing【甘肃兰州4】She _ to an English program while her parents_TV. A. was listening; is watching B. listened; were watching C. was listening; watched D. was li
23、stening; were watching【江苏无锡2】Has David finished his project yet? I guess not. He _ on it at lunchtime. Do you want me to confirm it? A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked【山东威海4】 Alan! Why are you so late? Sorry! When I _ home, I met one of my old friends. A. went B. am walking C.
24、has gone D. was walking 5. 现在完成时种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句备注现在完成时(考查9次)1.到现在为止已经完成的动作，对现在还有影响2.从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态have/has+动词的过去分词yet,still,just,sofar,before,recently,once,already,lately,ever,never,since1996,inthelast/past.,fortenyears(for系列)HehasonlybeentotheGreatWallonce.他仅仅去过一次长城。IhavebeenintheYouthVolunteersf
25、orfiveyears.我来到青年志愿者有五年了。already,yet常和现在完成时连用，already用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中，意为“已经”,在否定句中表示“还”,常放在句末。【备注】：（1）already, yet常和现在完成时连用， already用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中，意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还”，常放在句末【现在完成时的考点】【考点1】(1)since后面的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；但主句描述“时间” 的时候，多使用一般现在时。 It is ten years
26、 since he moved to this city. 自从他搬到这座城市已经10年了。(2)“in + the past/last+一段时间”用在现在完成时中， Guangzhou has changed a lot in the past ten years. 在过去的十年里，广州变化很大。（3） 短暂性动词不与一段时间连用，“一段时间”在初中阶段一般只有三种形式，即“for+ 一段时间”；“since+时间点”；“How long+?”。如果要与一段时间连用必须换成延续 性动词。 I have had the book for two days. 这本书我已经买了两天了。（用had不
27、用bought）I have been in Tokyo for two weeks. 我已经来东京两周了。（用been in 不用come to）【考点2】现在完成时与一般过去时的区别（1） 侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。 Yesterday I went to the park.昨天我去了公园。（仅说明昨天去了公园，与现在无关） Li Lei has read the book.李磊已看过那本书。（说明李磊了解那本书的内容）(2)连用的时间状语不同：与现在完成时连用
28、的时间状语有already, yet, still, just, so far, in the last/past, before, ever, never, since引出的时间，for引出的时间等。而一般过去时则常与ago, yesterday, last, in 2014, just now等连用。注意：现在完成时态不可与yesterday, last week, two days ago之类的过去时间状语连用。 Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in park? 你们曾在公园里摘过花或踩过草地吗？ Father b
29、ought that watch ten years ago.爸爸十年前买了那块手表。 I have never seen the film before.我以前从没看过这部影片。【考点3】：have been to, have gone to与have been in的区别 have been to表示“曾经去过某地”，常与just, ever, never连用；后可接次数， 如once, twice, three times等，表示“去过某地几次”；have gone to意为“去了某地”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中，总之说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称作主语； have b
30、een in表示“在某地待多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用 Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海三天了。 Where is Tom?汤姆在哪里？ He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。 The manager isnt in his office. He _ to Kunming on business. (go)1重庆A卷I _ the History Museum twice. Ive learned a lot there. A. visit B. am visiting C.
31、have visited D. will visit2.山东青岛William Shakespeare _ for 400 years, but his works still have great influence today. A. died B. was dying C. has died D. has been dead3山东烟台 -Lucy has _ to London. How can I get in touch with her ? -Dont worry. She will phone you as soon as she _ there. A. been, will g
32、et B. been, gets C. gone, will get D. gone, gets 4.四川自贡 I _ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it. A. went away from B. have been away from C. have left 5. 江西 The water _ dark and dirty. Its no longer safe to drink. A.became B.has become C.will become D. was becoming 6. 福建福州-The boy misses h
33、is parents very much. -So he does. They _ the hometown for nearly two years. A. have left B.will leave C. have been away 8.天津 -What a nice watch! How long _ you _it ? -For just two weeks. A.will , buy B.have, had C.were, having D.did, buy 9.四川达州-Look at these stamps. I _ them for five years. -Wow, t
34、hey are fantastic. A.have kept B.have bought C.borrowed D.kept 10.四川攀枝花He speaks English very well because he _ in the US for 20 years. A.lives B.lived C.has lived D.had lived 11.山东威海-Is that a new coat ? -No, I _ it for a long time. A.bought B.have bought C.have had 【方法突破】 根据云南近四年真题分析可以看出，初中阶段需掌握六种
35、基本时态。 学生应掌握动词时态的判断技巧来解题，根据时间状语确定时态；根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态；利用上下文句意和母语知识判断句子的时态；在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态。1. 根据时间状语确定时态（考查3次） 2. 根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态(考查6次)在这种情况下，动词的时态是由上下文已有的时态信息来确定，这就要求我们准确判断上下文所表达的时态信息来确定恰当的时态。【真题链接】大理35题】What does your mother do to keep healthy, Tim? She usually_. A. swim B. swims C. is swimming D. t
36、o swim3. 利用上下文语境判断句子的时态（考查7次） 在有些情况下，动词的时态是由上下文语境来决定的，这就要求我们既要理解上下文表达的语境，也要掌握各种时态的灵活运用【真题链接】【云南30题】Where is Jack？ On the playground. He _football with his classmates. A. play B. played C. is playing D. was playing 4. 在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态 主从复合句中谓语动词时态的一致主要有以下几种情况： “主将从现”原则。如果主句是一般将来时,从句是由 when, after, bef
37、ore, not. until, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句以及由 if, unless 引导的条件状语从句，谓语动词应 用一般现在时表示将来时。（考查3次）【真题链接】【云南30题】If there _no buying and selling of animals, there will be no killing in nature.“时态一致”原则。在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时， 从句的谓语动词须用相应的某种过去时态。（考查2次）【2014曲靖48题】After travelling, students talked about_. A.
38、what did they get B. what they got C. what will they get D. what they get在主从复合句中，如果主句和从句的谓语动词表示的两个动作都发生在过去，而且有明显的先后顺序，那么，延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when和while引导的时间状语从句中出现。【12. 四川广安-Yunnan is very beautiful. I _ there last year. -Yes, I _there twice. A.went, have gone B.went, have been C.have gone, went D.have been, went 13.四川南充-How long _ your brother _ this camera ? -For two weeks. A.have, bought B.have, had C.has, had D.has, bought14.甘肃武威