一般现在时(共4页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一般现在时一、一般现在时的概念一般现在时主要强调一种事实、经常发生的动作或存在的状态。二、一般现在时的用法1、表示一种习惯性的、永久性的或者反复发生的动作或状态Eg:We often write to each other. Father always reads newspaper after breakfast.这种情况常与always总是,usually通常,often经常,sometimes有时,seldom很少,hardly几乎不,scarcely几乎不,every day每天,once a week每周一次,yearly每年,monthly每月,等时间状语

2、或频率副词连用。2、 表示主语现在的职业、个性、性格、特征、能力等。 Eg:He works hard. Does he like sports?3、3、表达一种一般性的陈述或者谚语,客观事实或者普遍原理。在这种情况下无须考虑特定的时间。Eg:The sun rises in the east. After summer comes autumn. Light goes faster than sound.4、表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事。Eg:He starts next week. We leave very soon. The train starts at 10 oclock

3、in the morning.这类用法限于表示“移动”的动词:go去,come来,leave离开,start出发,begin开始,arrive到达,take off起飞,等。5、一般现在是表将来1) 、“主将从现”原则:当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时,时间和条件的状语从句必须用一般现在时表将来。Eg:I will write to her when I have time. Turn off the lights before you leave. If we hurry,we may catch the bus. Tell me in case you get into difficult

4、y.注意:A、除表示时间和条件的状语从句外,表示让步、相似、比例的从句也必须用一般现在时表将来。Eg:Ill follow him wherever he goes. Whatever you say, I wont pay. Whether we help him or not, he will fail. Ill have a good time whether I win or lose.The more you eat, the fatter you will become. B、另外,当主句为用将来时态时,定语从句也通常用一般现在时表将来Eg:Ill give you anythin

5、g you ask for. You can have anything I find. Everyone who comes first will get a present. 2) 、简化原则:按照英语习惯,一个句子中若主要动词已经表明了所谈论动作的时间,那么与之相关的其他动词就不必再次指明同一时间,而往往使用一个比较简单的时态,如用一般现在时表示一般将来时等。Eg:比较a、This discovery means that we will spend less on food. /his discovery will mean that we spend less on food.3)

6、、几种值得注意的情况:在make sure(弄清楚),make certain(弄清楚),take care(注意,当心),be careful(注意,当心),mind(注意),watch(注意)等后的that从句中通常也只用一般现在时表将来意义。Eg:Make sure you come back soon. Take care that it does not occur again. We must take care that no one sees us. Be careful that you dont hurt her feelings. Watch that the baby

7、doesnt go near the heater. Mind you read the examination questions carefully before you begin to answer them.注意:在it doesnt matter, I dont care, I dont mind 等结构(以及类似结构)后的名词性从句也通常用一般现在时表将来意义。Eg:It doesnt matter where we go on holiday. Does it matter who goes first? I dont care whether we win or lose.

8、Dont you care what happens to them?4) 、可用于两种时态A、 在I hope , I bet, see (to it) 等后的宾语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来意义,但有时也可直接用将来时态。Eg:I hope that you like will like it. I bet it rains will rain tomorrow. See (to it) that children dont catch cold. Ill see that nobody disturbs will disturb you. 注意:see (to it) 后的that从句

9、通常用一般现在时表将来,直接用将来的情形较少见。5) 、用于比较状语从句:在as, than 引出的比较状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来,也可直接用将来时态。Eg:Well get there as soon as you do will. Well probably drive faster than you do will.6) 、表示计划或安排:表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。Eg:Are you on duty next weekend? The train leaves at 12:00. Where do we go now? 注意:用于此用法时,句中通常有具体的时间状

10、语。7) 、by the time:当主句为将来时态时,与之相关的by the time后接的从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义。Eg:By the time he comes, I will have left. The film will have started by the time we get to the cinema8) 、表示现在将要宣布某事。Eg:I declare the meeting open. We learn Lesson Ten today. 9) 、表示客观性很强的将来。Eg:Today is Friday, so tomorrow is Saturday. My

11、 birthday is on a Sunday this year. 注意:有时说话者对某一将来事实非常肯定,也用一般现在时。Eg:The future is bright. Final victory is ours. 10) 、下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。Eg:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.11) 、以h

12、ere, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。Eg: Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.6、 一般现在时表过去1) 、用于某些动词(tell,say,hear,learn,gather等)表示不确定的过去时间Eg:John tells me you eill leave tomerrow. Ihear that he got married last month. Mary says you told her to come over here.2) 、

13、当要陈述一个客观事实时,有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时。Eg:The story is set in the summer of 1937. The story begins in the year 1937.7、有些动词,即使表示现在的动作也不能用现在进行时,也只能用一般现在时。这类不能用于现在进行时表示正在发生动作的动词有:1)、.表示心理状态的动词:know知道,realize意识到,think(that)认为,suppose(that)料想,doubt怀疑,forget忘记,remember记得,understand明白,regard看待,love爱,like喜欢,prefer

14、偏好,hate讨厌,hope希望,want想要,need需要,wish愿望等。2)、.表示感觉的动词:see看见,hear听见,find发现,notice注意到,feel觉得等。3)、表示状态的动词:be是,have有,belong属于,own拥有,possess拥有,suit适合,fit适合,contain包含,depend依靠,smell有.的气味 ,taste有.的味道,seem显得,look显得,appear看来,turn out变成等。Eg:To tell you the truth, I hate to do it. I hope the weather would be fine

15、. I am looking into the room, and I see a strange man in it. 8、一些固定表达法如:I promise.我允诺./ I apologize.我道歉./ I advise.我建议./ I insist.我强调./ I agree.我同意./ I refuse.我拒绝./I suggest.我建议.Eg:I promise that I wont be late again. I suggest he set off at once. 9、一般现在时描述过去时间的事实。这种用法多见于叙述文或口述往事,以增加描述的生动和真实感。Eg、He

16、sits down, shivers a little, and the clock outside strikes twelve. He says the river rises higher and higher, breaks the bank and is filling all low places.10、 一般现在时用于剧本、新闻标题。Eg:More Teenagers Try Cigarettes.11、 引用书籍报刊或其他作者时,用一般现在时。Eg:Marx says that a foreign language is a we aponin the stryggle of

17、life.12、 以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。Eg:Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 三、一般现在时的谓语动词构成1、动词 be除第一人称单数用am,第三人称单数用is外,其余一律用are。(主语+be+表语)2、动词have除第三人称单数用has外,其余一律用have。(主语+have/has+表语)3、行为动词:行为动词的一般现在时形式,除第三人称单数由动词原形加词尾-s或-es构成(其构成法和读音与名词复数同,详见下面【补充

18、知识点1】)时,其余一概与动词原形同形。(主语+动词+宾语)四、 一般现在时的变化1、 be动词的变化1) 、否定句:主语+be+not+其他。Eg:He is not a worker2) 、一般疑问句:Be+主语+其他。动词为be时,起疑问句的变化形式化是将主语和谓语的语序调换。Eg:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No,Im not.3) 、特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。Eg:Where is my bike?2、 行为动词的变化1) 、否定句:主语+dont(当主语为第三人称单数时,用doesnt)+动词原形(+其他)。 Eg:I dont lik

19、e bread. He doesn often play.2) 、一般疑问句:Do(当主语为第三人称单数是,用does)+主语+动词原形+其他。Eg:-Do you often play football? -Yes,I do./NO, I dont. -Does she go to woke by bike? -Yes,she does./No,she doesnt3)、特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。Eg:How does your father go to work?【补充知识点1】动词第三人称单数变化规则与可数名词复数变化规则相同1、 一般在词尾加-S。Eg:workworksw:ks

20、,digdigsdigz,playplays,readreads,writewrites(“s”发音规则:所加的“S”在清辅音(无声子音)后发为s的音,在浊辅音(有声子音)及元音(母音)后发z的音。所加的“S”在t后可以与t一起发ts的音,在d后与d一起发dz的音)2、 以o/x/s/sh/ch结尾加-es。Eg:goes,misses,mixes,pushes,watches(以x/s/sh/ch词尾所加得“es”,发iz的音;以o词尾所加得“es”,发z的音)3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es。注意一定是辅音字母+y才能变,若是元音字母+y,则直接加-s。(“es”发iz的音)Eg:flyflies,copycopies,buybys4、have的第三人称单数形式为has专心-专注-专业

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