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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初一年级（上）初一年级（下）【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. a bottle of2. a little3. a lot (of)4. all day5. be from6. be over7. come back8. come from9. get down10. go shopping11. have a drink of12. would like13. get home14. get to15. get up16. have lunch17. have supper18. listen to19. notat all20. putaway21. take o
2、ff22. on a farm23. in a factory24. have a look25. have breakfast 26. do the shopping27. throw it like that28. do ones homework29. in the middle of the day30. in the morning / afternoon/ eveningII. 重要句型1. Let sb. do sth.2. Could sb. do sth.?3. would like sth.4. would like to do sth.5. What about some
3、thing to eat?6. How do you spell ?7. May I borrow?III. 交际用语1. Thanks very much!Youre welcome.2. Put it/them away.3. Whats wrong?4. I think so. I dont think so.5. I want to take some books to the classroom.6. Give me a bottle of orange juice,please.7. Whats your favourite sport?8. Dont worry.9.Im (no
4、t) good at basketball.10. Do you want a go?11. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All right.12. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?Yes, I do. / No, I dont.13. We / They have some CDs.We / They dont have any CDs.14. -What day is it today / tomorrow?-Its Monday.15. -May I borrow your colour pens
5、, please? -Certainly. Here you are.16. -Where are you from?-From Beijing.17.Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.18. -Where are you from?-From Beijing.19. Whats your telephone number in New York?20. -Do you like hot dogs?-Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)-No, I dont. ( I dont like the
6、m at all.)21. -What does your mother like?-She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.22. -When do you go to school every day?-I go to school at 7:00 every day.23. -What time does he go to bed in the evening?-He goes to bed at 10:00. IV. 重要语法1.人称代词的用法；2. 祈使句；3. 现在进行时的构成和用法；4动词have的用法；5一般现在时构成和用法；6
7、可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法【名师讲解】1. Thats right./ Thats all right./ Allright.Thats right意为“对的”，表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。例如：I think we must help the old man.我想我们应该帮助这位老人。Thats right.或 Youre right.说得对。Thats all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”，用用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如：Many thanks. Thats all right.Sorry. Its broken. Thats all right
8、.All right.意为“行了”、“可以”，表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”Please tell me about it. 请把此事告诉我。All right.好吧。Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗2. make/do这两个词都可以解释为“做”，但含义却不同，不能混用。make指做东西或制东西，do指做一件具体的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能为我做个纸船吗？Hes doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。3. say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口语化的最普
9、通的一个词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。如：“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。”Please say it in English .请用英语说speak : “说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词 (即后面不能直接接宾语 ) 。如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况？I dont like to speak like this. 我不喜欢这样说话。speak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。如：She speaks
10、English well.她英语说得好。talk : 与 speak 意义相近，也着重说话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一般也只用作不及物动词， 不过，talk 暗示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。如：I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。tell : “告诉”，除较少情况外，一般后面总接双宾语。如：Hes telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。tell a lie 撒谎tell sb. to
11、do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4. do cooking/ do the cookingdo cooking 作“做饭”解，属泛指。do the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking为动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用 some, much修饰。从do some cooking可引出许多类似的短语：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 买些东西do some reading 读书do some writing 写些东西do so
12、me fishing 钓鱼从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用some, much或定冠词。go shopping 去买东西go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船go swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth. 与like to do sth. 意思相同，但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性；后者表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如：He likes playing football, but he doesnt like to play football with Li M
13、ing.他喜欢踢足球，但是他不喜欢和李明踢。6. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother表其余的，别的，Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗?others 别的人，别的东西In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人。the other表另一个（二者之中）one，the other表示另一个（二者之中）one，the otherOne of my two brothers studies English,
14、the other studies Chinese.我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。another表示三者以上的另一个，另一些There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。7. in the tree/ on the treein the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为在树上但英语中有区别。in the tree表示某人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要使用on the tree.如： There are some apples on the
15、 tree. 那棵树上有些苹果。 There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟。8. some/ any (1)some和 any既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要 注意。some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑问句中。如：There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isnt any water in the glass.(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们依然用some。如：Would you li
16、ke some tea?9. tall/ high (1)说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用tall，不用high，例如 :a tall woman 一个高个子妇女a tall horse 一个高大的马 (2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上时，飞机飞上天时，例如： He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树上。The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空中这么高。 (3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过high的程度比tall高。 (4)high可作副词，tall不能。
17、(5)tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low.10. can/ could(1) can表示体力和脑力方面的能力，或根据客观条件能做某种动作的能力。例如：Can you ride a bike？ 你会骑自行车吗？What can I do for you？ 要帮忙吗？Can you make a cake？你会做蛋糕吗？(2) can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的怀疑猜测或不肯定。例如：Where can he be？他会在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？这个消息会是真的吗？It surely cant be six oclock already
18、？不可能已经六点钟了吧？You cant be hungry so soon，Tom，youve just had lunch.汤姆，你不可能饿得这么快，你刚吃过午饭。What can he mean？他会是什么意思？(3) could：could 是 can的过去式，表示过去有过的能力和可能性（在否定和疑问句中）。例如： The doctor said he could help him.（能力）医生说他能帮助他。Lily could swim when she was four years old.（能力）当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。At that time we thought the
19、story could be true.（可能性）那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。could可代替can表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转。例如：Could I speak to John，please？我能和约翰说话吗？Could you？在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour？请你等半个小时好吗？Could you please ring again at six？六点钟请你再打电话好吗？(4) can的形式只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态，有时也能表示将来。有其他时态（包括将来时）须用be able
20、 to加动词不定式来表示。例如：They have not been able to come to Beijing. 他们没有能到北京来。11. look for/ findlook for 意为“寻找”，而find意为“找到，发现”，前者强调“找”这一动作，并不注重“找”的结果，而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如：She cant find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。Tom is looking for his watch，but he cant find it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表，但没能找到。12. be sleeping/ be asleepbe sleeping 表示动
21、作，意思是“正在睡觉”；be asleep 表示状态，意思是“睡着了”。如：-What are the children doing in the room? 孩子们在房间里做什么？-They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉。The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了。13. often/ usually/sometimesoften表示经常，sometimes表示有时候，在表示发生频率上often要高于usually，usually要高于sometimes。这三个词表示的是经常性，一般性的动作或情况，常与一般现在时连用，常位于主要谓语动词的前面，其他谓语
22、动词（be动词，情态动词和助动词）的后面，有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气，则放在句首。 We usually play basketball after school.我们通常放学后打篮球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有时，我睡觉很早。He often reads English in the morning.他经常在早晨读英语。14. how much/ how manyhow much常用来询问某一商品的价格，常见句式是How much is / are?How much is the skirt? 这条裙子多少钱？How much are the banan
23、as? 这些香蕉多少钱？how much后加不可数名词，表示数量，意为“多少“，how many后加可数名词的复数形式。How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀？How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少人？15. be good for/ be good to/ be good atbe good for 表示对有好处，而be bad for表示对有害；be good to表示对友好，而be bad to表示对不好；be good at表示擅长，在方面做得好，而be bad at表示在方面做得不好。Doing
24、eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多对你的身体有害。Miss Li is good to all of us.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对他的工人不好。Li Lei is good at drawing, but Im bad at it.李雷擅长画画，但是我不擅长。16. each/ everyeach 和every都有每一个的意思，但含义和用法不相同。each从个体着眼，
25、every从整体着眼。each 可用于两者或两者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。We each have a new book.我们每人各有一本新书。There are trees on each side of the street.街的两旁有树。He gets up early every morning.每天早晨他都起得早。each可以用作形容词、副词和代词；every只能用作形容词。Each of them has his own duty.他们各人有各人的义务。They each want to do something different.他们每个人都想做不同的事情。17.
26、一般现在时/现在进行时一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也表示说话者的能力，还有自然现象；而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作（构成方式为am/is /are/+doing）。I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做作业。Im doing my homework now.我现在正在做作业。现在进行时常与now, these days, at the moment 或Look, listen等词连用；而一般现在时常与often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on M
27、ondays等连用。We often clean the classroom after school.我们经常放学后打扫教室。Look! They are cleaning the classroom .看！他们正在打扫教室呢。【考点扫描】1.动词一般现在时和现在进行时的法，人称代词的用法，可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法。2.本册书中常见的交际用语3.本册书中一些重点的词组和短语初二年级（中）【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. fall down2. go on7. later on 8. at times 9. ring sb. up 10. have a party 11. hold o
28、n12. hear from13. be ready 14. take out 15.the same as16. turn over17. get-together18. put on19. take a seat20. wait for21. get lost22. just then23. first of all24. give a concert25. again and again3. go back4. in ahurry5. write down6. come out26. go wrong27. make a noise28. get on29. get off30. sta
29、nd in line31. laugh at32. throw about33. in fact34. at midnight35. enjoy oneself36. laugh at37. throw about38. in fact39. at midnight40. enjoy oneself41. look over42. take exercise43. at the moment45. at the head of46. Happy New Year! 47. have a headache48. all the year roundII. 重要句型1. be good for s
30、th.2. I think 3. I hope4. I love5. I dont like6. Im sure7. forget to do sth.8. take a message for sb.9. give sb. the message 10. help yourself to sth.11. be famous for sth.12. on ones way to13. make ones way to14. quarrel with sb.15. agree with sb.16. stop sb. from doing sth.III. 交际用语1.Whats the wea
31、ther like today?2.Its cold, but quite suuny.3.How cold it is today!4.Yes, but itll be warmer later on.5.Shall we make a snowman?6.Ok. Come on!7.Happy New Year!8.May I speak to Ann, please?？9.Hold on, please.10.Thanks a lot for inviting me to your party.11.Ok. But Im afraid I may be a little late.12.
32、Can I take a message for you? 13.Thats OK. It doesnt matter. 14.Im very sorry, but I cant come.15.Im sorry to hear that.16.Happy birthday!17.Would you like .? Would you like to .?18.Do you think .? Yes, I think so. / No, I dont think so.19.Do you agree? Yes, I agree. / No, dont really agree. I reall
33、y cant agree.20.There are a few / a lot of . / on it.21.So do we.22.Im happy you like it.23.Which is the way to ., please? 24.Turn right/left at the . crossing. 25.Go on until you reach .26.How can I get to .? Go down/up/alo-ng this road.27.Whats the matter?28.Itll take you half an hour to . 29.Wed
34、better catch a bus. 30.It may be in . Ah, so it is31.You must be more careful!32.You mustnt cross the road now.33.If you want to cross a street, you m-ust wait for the green light.34.Please stand in line.35.You must wait for your turn.36.If you dont go soon, youll be late.37.I dont feel very well.38
35、.My head hurts.39.You mustnt eat anything until you see the doctor.40.Whats the trouble?41.Whats the matter with?42.She didnt feel like eating anything.43.Nothing serious.44.Have/get a pain in45.No problem.46.Take this medicine three times a day.IV. 重要语法1. 一般过去时；2. 反意疑问句的用法；3. 一般将来时；4. 感叹句；5. 简单句的五种
36、基本句型；6. 情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法；7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句。【名师讲解】1. above/ over/ on 这三个介词都表示“在之上”， 但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接触；above指在某物的上方，不和某物接触，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接触.试比较：There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高举过头。There is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上
37、有座石桥。2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”，实际上还没做；forget doing sth,意思是“忘记做过某事”，实际上已经做过了。试比较：I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这条消息告诉他了，我却忘了。类似的词还有：remember, regret等。3. hope/wishhope和wish 在汉语中都有“希望”的意思，但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下：(1)wish可以用
38、来表示不可实现的愿望；hope只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如：I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。 I hope youll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起来。I wish the weather wasnt so cold.但愿天气不这麽冷。I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能来。(2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的结构，而hope不可以。例如：Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再来？4. be sure to do sth./
39、be sure of/about sb. or sth. (1)be sure to do sth.可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求，意思是“务必”，也可以用来表示说话人做出的推断，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例如：Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你离开时务必把门锁好。Its a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.这是一部好电影，你肯定会喜欢的。(2)be sure of/about sb.or sth. 可用来表示“某人对某事有把握”。例如：Im sure of his success.我相信他会成功。I t
40、hink it was three years ago, but Im not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我没有把握。5. hear from/hear of hear意思是“听到”，从哪里听到要用from来表示。例如：Ive heard from Xiao Wu that well start out military training tomorrow.我听小吴说，我们明天开始军训。Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.听录音，并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。hear from还有一个
41、意思是“收到某人的来信”（=receive a letter from sb.）。例如：I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month. 上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她的来信。hear of和hear from含义不同。hear of 意思是“听说”，“得知”（某事或某人的存在），常用在疑问句和否定句里。例如：Who is he? Ive never heard of him.他是谁？我从来没有听说过他。I never heard of such a thing! 这样
42、的事我从来没有听说过。6. Its a pleasure./With pleasure.Its a pleasure这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语，意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例如：-Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你的帮助。-Its a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。-Thanks a lot. Bye.非常感谢。 再见。-Its a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。再见。类似的话还有 “Not at all.” “You are welcome.” “Thats all right.”With pleasure也用作客气的答语，主要用在别人要你做某事，
43、而你又非常愿意去做的场合。例如：-Will you please pass me the newspaper, please?请你把报纸递给我好吗？-With pleasure.当然可以。7. seem/look(1)二者都可以作“看起来”讲，但seem暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断，这种判断往往接近事实；look着重强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都可跟(to be)+形容词和as if从句。如：He seems / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今天看起来很高兴。It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain.
44、It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain.好像要下雨了。(2)但下列情况中只用seem不用look：1)后跟不定式to do时。如：He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。2)在It seems that .结构中。如：It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高兴些了。8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for(1)be ready to do和be ready for
45、表示“已作好的准备”，强调状态(2)get ready to do和get ready for表示“为做准备”，强调行为。如：Im ready to do anything you want me to do. 我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。Im ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/随时准备回答你可能问的问题。Hes getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正准备动身去东京。Lets get ready for the hard moment.我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。(3)be ready to do 通常可理解“乐于做某事”，即思想上总是有做某事的准备。be not ready to do表示“不轻易做某事”。如：Hes usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不轻易听从别人。9. at table/at the tableat table在吃饭，at the table在桌子旁边。例如：The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃饭。Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.布莱克先生坐在桌旁书。10. reach, arrive/get to三者都有到达