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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上被动语态的概念与结构1.概念语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子主语和谓语动词之间的关系。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We clean the office every day. 我们每天打扫办公室。(主动语态)The abacus was invented in the sixth century by the Chinese. 算盘是中国人在6世纪发明的。( 被动语态)2.结构被动语态由“be +过去分词”构成。其各种被动语态结构一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时 waswere+过去分词一般将来时 shall/w
2、ill be+过去分词am/is/are going to be +过去分词现在进行时 am/is/are being +过去分词现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词过去进行时 was/were being +过去分词过去将来时 should/would be +过去分词was/were going to be +过去分词含有情态动词 情态动词+be+过去分词3.一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are +过去分词”构成。-What are they used for? 一它们是用来做什么的?-Theyre used for seeing in the dar
3、k. 一它们是被用来在黑暗中 照明的。题目 1. In order to make our hometown more beautiful, trees around the city every year. A. plant B. are planted C. will plant2. Soft drinks _to children for free in some restaurants on Childrens Day. A. offer B. have offered C. are offered D. will be offered1.B 句意:为了让我们的家乡更加美丽， 每年都要
4、在我们的城市周围栽树。本题考查时态和被动语态。根据every year可知，应该用一般现在时;又因为plant和trees之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。般现在时的被动语态构成为“be( am/is/are) +动词的过去分词”。故选B项。2. C 句意:在儿童节，一些饭店免费给孩子们提供不含酒精的饮料。本题考查被动语态。on Childrens Day指的是每个儿童节，所以用一般现在时;soft drinks 和offer是被动关系，故用被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态是由“am/ is/ are +过去分词”构成。故答案选C项。4.一般过去时的被动语态 一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were
5、+过去分词”构成。 一When was the car invented?汽车是什么时候发明的?-l was invented in 1885. 它是在1885年被发明的。1. -Hey，Molly. You on the phone just now. But you werent here and the man left a phone number. -Oh? I was in the library. A. wanted B. are wanted C. were wanted D. have wanted2. There was a big earthquake in Japan,
6、 but luckily many people . A. save B. saved C. are saved D. were saved1. C 句意:嘿,Molly，刚才有电话找你，但是你不在，那个人留下了一个电话号码。哦? (刚才)我在图书馆。本题考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及just now可知应该用一般过去时的被动语态，故答案为C。2. D 句意:日本发生了大地震，但幸运的是许多人得救了。本题考查时态和语态。由于前一个分句是一般过去时，所以后一个分句也要用一般过去时;又因为people与save是被动关系,所以此题应用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案选D项。5.一般将来时的被动语态一般
7、将来时的被动语态由“shallwill be +过去分词”或“am/ is/ are going to be +过去分词”构成。A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。That book is going to be made into a movie. 那本书将被改编成电影。1. More money when we use both sides of paper. A. will save B. was saved C. has saved D. will be saved2. The radio says a wild animal z
8、oo is going to _in our city. A. be built B. built C. build D. be building1. D 句意:当我们用纸的两面时,将节约更多的钱。本题考查时态和语态。more money和save之间为被动关系，故用被动语态，排除A、C两项，根据when从句的一般现在时可知主句应该用一般将来时。一般将来时的被动语态构成是:will be +动词的过去分词。故答案为D项。2.句意:收音机报道说一个野生动物园将在我们市建造。 本题考查被动语态。由于z00和build之间存在被动关系，根据题干可知,此题应用一般将来时的被动语态。 故答案选A项。6.
9、现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态由“am/ is/are being +过去分词”构成。A new chemistry lab is being built in our school. 我们学校正在修建个新的化学实验室。In China, big plans are now being made to send up more satellites and even build a space station. 现在中国正在制订一些大计划要发射更多的卫星 ，甚至要建一个太空站。7.现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态由“have/has been +过去分词”构成。Well, h
10、e has been trained to understand different instructions. 哦,他已经被训练得能理解不同的指令了。Millions of trees have been planted in our city this year. 今年我们市种植了数百万棵树。1. No decision about that matter yet. We are still considering it.A. has been made B. has made C. will be made D. will make句意:关于那件事还没有做决定。我们仍然在考虑。本题考查时
11、态和语态。短语make a decision意为“做决定”，上句中主语decision与谓语动词make之间存在被动关系，故用动词的被动语态，可排除B、D两项;又根据句意及关键词yet可知，应用现在完成时。8.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。Teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends every night.应该允许青少年每天晚上和他们的朋友们一起外出。The classroom must be cleaned at once. 教室必须马上打扫。1. -Its difficu
12、lt for village children to cross the river to school. - -I think a bridge over the river.A. should be built B. will build C. is built D. was built 1. A 句意:一对农村的孩子来说，横穿河流去上学真是太难了。我认为应该在河上建造一座桥。本题考查被动语态。题干中的主语bridge和谓语动词build 之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态的形式为:情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词。9. 被动语态的用法1. 不清楚动作的执行者时 当
13、不清楚动作的执行者时，应用被动语态。The glass was broken yesterday.昨天那个玻璃杯被打破了。Our school was set up in 1951.我们学校始建于1951年。2.强调动作的承受者时 当要强调动作的承受者时，应用被动语态。The sick girl is being taken good care of. 那个生病的女孩正受到很好地看护。3.不必指出动作的执行者时 当不必指出动作的执行者时，应用被动语态。The machine is made in China.这台机器是中国制造的。Letters are collected at nine ev
14、ery morning. 信件每天早晨九点被收取。4.句法结构需要时 当动作的执行者有较长的修饰语时，需要用被动语态。 The plan was supported by those who lived far away from the factory.那个计划得到了那些住得离工厂较远的人们的支持。 5.表示“据说、据报道”等时，也用被动语态。Its said that he is going abroad with his parents.据说他要随他的父母去国外。Its reported that many people have been lost in the earth-quake
15、.据报道，地震已造成许多人失踪。10.主动语态与被动语态的转换主动句转换为被动句时，被动句的时态要与主动句的时态一样,但be动词的人称和数要根据被动句的主语来确定。1. 基本句式“主语+谓语+宾语”的转换主动句变为被动句的方法一般分三步:1.将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语;2.将谓语动词由主动形式改为被动形式“be +过去分词”;3.将主动句的主语改为被动句中介词by的宾语( by短语有时可以省去)。We plant many trees every year. Many trees are planted by us every year.1. My students always shar
16、e ideas in class. ( 改为被动语态) Ideas always by my students in class.2. His parents didnt catch his words at once. (改为被动语态) His words by his parents at once.答案 1. are; shared 由于主动句是一般现在时,所以被动句要用一般现在时的被动语态结构“an/is/ are+过去分词”，故第一空填 are;第二空填shared。 2. werent caught 由于主动句是一般过去时，所以被动句要用一般过去时的被动语态结构“was/were
17、+过去分词”。又因为主动句是否定，所以被动句也要用否定，故填werent caught.2. 句式“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的转换 含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，有两种方式:1.可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,直接宾语不变。 My grandma gave me a present yesterday.- I was given a present ( by my grandma) yesterday.3. 也可以将直接宾语变为被动结构的主语，这时，应在间接宾语前加介词to或for。 My father bought me a new computer. A new computer
18、 was bought for me(by my father). 一般来说，间接宾语前带to的动词有bring, give，hand, send, teach, show, tell, offer, pass，take, sell, ask ,lend等;间接宾语前带for 的动词有buy, cook, make, sing, save, get等。4. 句式“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”的转换 含有宾语补足语的主动句变为被动句时，可将其宾语变为被动结构的主语，宾语补足语留在原处作主语的补足语。 The man painted the door green yesterday.The do
19、or was painted green yesterday.5. 高频考点 主动句中的感官动词see，hear，watch, feel，notice等以及后面跟不带to的不定式的使役动词make, let, have 等，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。 The boss makes them work twelve hours a day.一 They are made to work twelve hours a day.6. 含有短语动词的句式的转换 含有短语动词的主动句变为被动句时，不能把动词与介词或副词分开，也不能遗漏动词后的介词和副词。 I can take good car
20、e of the dog. The dog can be taken good care of( by me).7. 主动形式表示被动意义的情况 1.连系动词如sell, taste, fell, sound, prove等，可以用主动形式表示被动意义。 This soup tastes great. 这种汤尝起来非常美味。 The silk fells very smooth.丝绸摸上去很滑爽。2.表示主语特征、状态的动词如wash, write, sell, read, open, cut, shut, keep, lock, draw ,clean等，可以用主动形式表示被动意义。 The
21、 kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。 The latest model cars sell well. 这种最新型的汽车卖得好。 3.在表示“需要”意义的need，want, require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 This desk needs repairing( = to be repaired).这张课桌需要修理。Your coat needs washing( = to be washed). 你的大衣需要洗一下。 4.形容词worth后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 These books a
22、re worth reading.这些书值得一读。 The museum is worth visiting. 那个博物馆值得参观。5.“get +过去分词”短语归纳 在口语和非正式文体中，“get +过去分词”短语也常用于表示被动意义。 Watch out for the fire，or youll get burnt. 当心火，否则你会被烧伤的。get married结婚 get hurt受伤 get dressed穿衣服 get lost迷路get+过去分词 get drunk喝醉了 get paid获得报酬 get started行动起来get treated得到治疗 get elected当选专心-专注-专业