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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上非谓语动词（68分）第 一 讲：非谓语动词（一）教学目的：唤起学生对非谓语概念的理解，使学生掌握判断非谓语动词的方法和有关词汇的双重用法，掌握非谓语的三种形式。 教学重点：本节教学重点是判断非谓语动词的方法，有关词汇的双重用法；动名词的考点。教学难点：掌握什么时候用非谓语教学过程：一、考情分析 非谓语动词在专升本中是一个重要考点，属于每年必考容，主要考查分词做状语、定语和独立主格结构，和一些动词的固定搭配。所谓非谓语动词是指不能作谓语的动词(针对谓语而言)，也不受主语人称和数的限制，但具有动词的某些特征。它可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语和同位语。二、讲课过程
2、基础知识补充动词的形式：五种基本形式（为了区别谓语与非谓语外加另外一种不定式形式）原形 单三 过去式 eat eats ate (谓语动词形式：即可以单独作谓语)现在分词 过去分词 不定式 eating eaten to eat （非谓语动词形式：不能作谓语）He eats an orange.(主+谓+宾)I eat an orange.(主+谓+宾)I ate an orange.(主+谓+宾)I am eating an orange.(主+谓+宾)He has eaten an orange.(主+谓+宾)An orange was eaten by him.(主+谓+宾)I am t
3、o eat an orange.(主+谓+宾)含义：不能做谓语的动词1、什么时候用非谓语？ 一句话，有谓语，多动作，无连词 Seen from the top of the mountain, our school looks so beautiful.2、形式：动名词（构成：动词原形+ing） 分词（现在分词、过去分词） 现在分词构成：动词原形+ing 过去分词构成：动词原形+ed 或done； 动词不定式 基本形式：“to+动词原形”， 有时可省去to非谓语动词的形式如下:一般式完成时进行时不定式主动to doto have doneto be doing被动to be doneto ha
4、ve doneIng形式主动doinghaving done被动being donehaving been done过去分词被动完成done非谓语动词的否定形式：not +不定式，not + 动名词，not + 分词非谓语动词的语法功能一、动名词主语：Reading is my hobby.宾语：I enjoy reading.表语：My hobby is reading.定语：He is in the reading room.二、现在分词表语：The book is interesting.定语：Its an interesting book.状语：He sat there, readin
5、g a newspaper.宾补：I saw him standing there.三、过去分词表语：They were excited at the news.定语：There are a few minutes left.状语：Seen from the hill, our school looks beautiful.宾补：I saw him beaten by Tom.四、不定式主语：To catch the train is impossible.宾语：They need to look at a map.表语：My work is to clean the classroom.定语
6、：I have lots of work to do.状语：I am sorry to trouble you.宾补：He told me to close the door.考点动名词考点一：动名词作宾语的动词1.admit doing sth. 承认做某事2.advise/suggest doing sth. 建议做某事3.allow/permit doing sth. 允许做某事4.appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事5.avoid doing sth. 避免做某事6.consider doing sth. 考虑做某事7.delay/put off doing sth.
7、 推迟做某事8.deny doing sth. 否认做某事9.like(enjoy)/dislike doing sth.喜欢/不喜欢做某事10.escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事11.fancy doing sth. 喜欢做某事12.finish doing sth. 完成做某事13.forbid /prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事14.forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事15.give up doing sth. 放弃做某事16.imagine doing sth. 想象做某事17.keep doing sth. 保持做某事18.mention d
8、oing sth. 提及做某事19.mind doing sth. 介意做某事20.miss doing sth. 错过做某事21.practice doing sth. 练习做某事22.prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事23.report doing sth. 报告做某事24.risk doing sth. 冒险做某事25.stop doing sth. 停止做某事词组：devote to,get down to,be accustomed to confess to have trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth.例题：He enjoys _ po
9、p music while I prefer classical music.A. listen to B. to listen C. listening D. listening to 补充知识：及物动词：后面必须跟宾语的动词，像buy,reach,give等。不及物动词：1、单独使用表达完整词义，无需跟宾语。2、 若跟宾语需与介词搭配使用。Many teenagers feel no difficulty_computers. A. to learn B. learn C. in learning D. learnedThe doctor advises_less and_more exe
10、rcise. A.to eat ; to take B.eating; to take C.eating; taking D.to eat ;takingThe student doesnt mind_when he speaks English. A.being laughed B.being laughed at C.to be laughed D.laughing at考点二：在need/require/want/be worth等词后面接动名词主动形式表被动含义。need doing=need to be doneThe sentence needs_. A.improve B.imp
11、roving C.improved D.an improvement解析：考察need的用法。need doing sth. 某事需要被做。句子与改进之间是被动关系，所以要用到被动。选项里面没有被动形式，但是need的特殊用用法，可以用主动形式表被动。所以选项是B.improving。The problem is worth_.A.discussing B.to discuss C.discussed D.to be discussed解析：考察be worth 的用法。be worth 后面不可以跟to do 不定式,只跟动名词表示被动含义。problem与discuss之间明显为被动关系，
12、所以正确选项是A。句意：这个问题值得被讨论。The garden requires_. A. watering B. being watered C. to water D. having watered答案：A解析：本题中的require“需要”，与need/want同义，后接动词ing形式表示被动。题干译文：花园需要浇水了。故选项A. watering正确。考点三：有些动词后既可以接动名词又可以跟不定式，所表示意义不一样。不定式表示事情尚未发生，动名词表示事情已经发生。1、forget to do忘记去做某事 He forgot to invite his teacher to the p
13、arty. forget doing 做过某事忘记了 He forgot having reading this book.2、remember to do sth.记得去做某事 Remember to take an umbrella when you go out. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 He remembered being taken to Shanghai when he was a child. 3. try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 He tries to make friends with all kinds people. try d
14、oing sth. 试着做某事She tries making friends with all his classmates.4. mean to do sth.打算做某事 He means to go abroad. mean doing sth. 意味着 Giving in means giving up.5. regret to do sth.遗憾做某事 I regret to say that you are fired.regret doing sth.后悔做了某事He regretted having told you the truth. I didnt mean _ anyt
15、hing but the cakes looked so good that I couldnt resist _ one.A.eating;trying B.to eat;to try C.eating;to try D.to eat;trying解析：考察动名词的用法。mean to do sth.打算做某事，resist doing sth.抵制做某事 句意为：我不打算吃任何东西的，但是蛋糕看起来非常好以至于我不能抵制吃一块。Dont forget_your lawyer this weekend.A.meetingB.to meetC.having metD.met解析：考察动名词的用
16、法。forget to do sth.忘记去做某事forget doing sth.做过某事忘记了。句意：不要忘记这周末去约见你的律师。考点四：动名词的逻辑主语。适用情况：当动名词的主语与句子主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词（形容词性物主代词）或者名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。My mother in law insisted on cooking meat tonight.My mother in law insisted on my cooking meat tonight.I vaguely remembers_something like that.A. that he h
17、ad said B. him having saidC. his saying D. him to say解析：remember是及物动词，后面跟名词或者动名词作宾语，如果动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致要用其所有格形式，即remember ones doing sth.“记得某人曾经做过某事”，根据句意可知选项C为最正确选项。句意：我依稀记得他曾经说过那样的话。考点五：下列it做形式主语或形式宾语句型中，用动名词做逻辑主语或者逻辑宾语。1、It/There is no use (no good, no point, no sense, a waste of time等名词)+doing st
18、h.Its no use crying over the spilt milk.2、It is good/nice/interesting/useless(等形容词)+doing sth.It is good playing chess after supper.It is no use _me not worry about his injury.A. for you to tell B. your tellingC. you tell D. having told答案：B解析：本题考查固定用法。it is no use doing sth“做没有意义”。题干译文：我们担心他的伤没有用。故选
19、项B. your telling正确。非谓语动词（68分）第 一 讲：非谓语动词（二）教学目的：让学生掌握分词的分类以及现在分词与过去分词的区别； 让学生掌握现在分词的不同形式的区别。容分析：本节教学重点区分现在分词与过去分词以及现在分词的时态语态学情分析：授课学生基础薄弱，词汇缺乏，语法体系不健全，需要细致全面的讲解。课时分配：非谓语共12个学时，前4个学时先讲动名词的5个考点。再用4课时讲解分词的4个考点。最后4个课时讲解不定式教学过程：分词 形式：ing 一般式（表示谓语动作与分词动作发生无先后顺序） 主动 ing 被动 being done（表示正在进行的被动） 完成式（表示分词动作发
20、生在谓语动作之前） 主动 having done 被动 having been done done 表示过去已经完成的被动分词的否定形式 分词的否定式，由not+分词构成 eg. Not having heard the news, I wrote to him again. Eg. Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help. 考点一：分词作状语（五种形式）分词主语与谓语主语一致解题步骤：1. 判断分词与主语之间的关系 主动 被动2. 判断分词动作与谓语动作之前有无先后顺序 主动
21、无先后 ing eg.Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations. 有先后 having doneeg. Having finished his homework, he went to bed. 被动 无先后 已完成 doneeg. Seen from the sky, the earth looks like a ball. 正进行 being doneeg. Being taken good care of, the little girl recovers very quickly. 有先后 havi
22、ng been done eg. Having been told many times, he still cant remember her name._ the garden，the old man went to have a rest. (2016)AHaving been watered BWatering CHaving watered DBeing watered【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词（分词做状语）。题干中无连词有逗号，考查分词做状语。非谓语动词water是由主语the old man 主动发出的动作，应用现在分词-ing的形式；而且浇水water的动作发生在谓语动词
23、动作went之前，有明确的先后顺序，故应用现在分词的完成体having done 的形式。故选项C正确。题干译文：老人浇完花园后，去休息了。_, he went to spend the holiday. A. To pass the exam B. To have passed the exam C. Having passed the exam D. Passing the exam【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词（分词做状语）。题干中无连词有逗号，考查分词做状语。非谓语动词pass是与主语he 形成的是主谓关系，所以选择现在分词。有明确的先后顺序，故应用现在分词的完成体having do
24、ne 的形式。故选项C正确。题干译文：通过考试后，他去度假了。_ tired after a hard work ,she fell into bed and went straight to sleep. A. Felt B. Feeling C. Being felt D. To feel 【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词（分词做状语）。题干中无连词有逗号，考查分词做状语。非谓语动词feel与主语she 形成的是主谓关系，也就是主动关系，所以选择现在分词，A，C选项为被动，D不定式表将来。故选项B正确。题干译文：辛苦工作后她感觉非常疲惫，躺床上直接睡觉了。_that there would
25、 be a storm, he changed his holiday plan. A. Having told B. Having been told C. To be told D. To tell【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。首先由题意知，非谓语动词与句子主语he 形成的是动宾关系，及他是“被”告诉将会有暴风雨的，所以要用到被动语态。又因为非谓语与谓语动词之间存在明显的先后顺序，所以用到现在分词完成式的被动。题干译文：被告知将会有一场暴风雨后，他改变了他的假期计划。注意：when，while，once，if，unless，though等词可直接引导分词做状语。但是必须满足两个条件：1
26、. 从句主语与主句主语一致2. 从句谓语动词含有be动词 Once (it is)seen, it will be forgotten. After (he was) shot in the leg, he couldnt run any more. Defeated (= Though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer. While walking along the street early in the morning,he saw her.While watching TV,_.A. the doorbell rang B. t
27、he doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell D. we heard the doorbell rings【答案】C【解析】考查while引导分词作状语的省略。因为while后直接跟分词，所以可知道主从句的主语是同一个。“看电视”的主语一定是we不可能是the doorbell，所以排数A,B。比较C,D,考察hear的用法，hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做了某事。所以正确选项是C。Before you send the letter,_ with Bill to see if the address is right.A. check B.
28、to check C. checking D. checked 【答案】A【解析】考查祈使句。该题学生易选成C，但是要注意该题中有一个连接词before所以是连接两个句子，需要两个谓语。所以正确选项是A。考点二：分词作定语（可做后置定语也可作前置定语）形式：ing being done done解题步骤：看分词与被修饰名词关系 主动、进行用ingeg. Do you know the boy standing at the gate? 被动、进行用being doneeg. The bridge being built is very useful. 被动、完成用doneeg. Have yo
29、u read the book written by Lu Xun. 注：及物动词的过去分词作定语除表示“完成”的动作外，还表被动的意义；不及物动词的过去分词常表示完成的动作，而不表示被动The _man crawled（爬） across the forest with the_leaves on the ground. A. dying.falling B. died.fallen C. dying.fallen D. died.falling【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词作定语。该题中die与fall都属于不及物动词，不及物动词的过去分词常表示完成的动作，现在分词常表示进行的动作知道，
30、主语man，die的动作不是完成动作，所以选现在分词dying,而leaves，已经落到了地上，所以选过去分词fallen。所以正确选项是C.题干译文：奄奄一息的那个人爬过了地面满是落叶的树林。The _ waiter came up to us and said, “Youre welcome.”A. smiling B. smiled C. waited D. to wait【答案】A【解析】考察分词作定语。分词修饰的是waiter且与waiter构成主动关系所以用现在分词形式。所以正确选项是A。Have you got the _ watch？A. repairing B. repair
31、ed C. repair D. to repair【答案】B【解析】考察分词作定语。分词修饰的是watch且与watch构成被动关系，即“表”是被修，所以用过去分词形式。所以正确选项是B。考点三：分词作宾补形式：ing done 解题步骤：看分词与宾语之间的关系 主动进行用现分ing 被动完成用过分done接分词做宾补的动词：1.使役动词have、get、make（只跟过去分词）2.感官动词 五看：see，watch，look at, notice, observe 两听：hear，listen to 一感觉：feel3.表状态的keep，leaveeg. The speaker raised
32、 her voice to make herself understood.eg.They found their new bikes stolen.eg.They kept the door locked for a long time.eg. He has the little girl working every day.eg. I heard this English song sung in her room.eg. I heard the girl singing this English song in her name when I passed by.Excuse me, b
33、ut it is time to have your temperature_. A. taking B. taken C. took D. take 【答案】B【解析】考查分词做宾补。该题中your temperature与take之间是被动关系，所以要用到过去分词。所以正确选项是C.题干译文：打扰一下，该测量体温了。The manager promised to keep me _ of how the project was going on（2016）Abe informed Binformed Cinform D. informing【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词（分词做宾语补足语
34、）。分词做宾语的补足语，keep + 宾语 + doing/done；由于宾语me与动词inform之间的为被动关系，故应用过去分词done。故选项B正确。题干译文：经理保证随时向我告知工程是如何进展的。Today the police can watch cars _ on roads by radar.（雷达）A. run B. to run C. running D. to be run【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词（分词做宾语补足语）。分词做宾语的补足语，watch + 宾语 + doing/done；由于宾语cars与动词run之间的为主动关系，故应用现在分词doing。故选项C正
35、确。题干译文：现在警察能够用雷达看车在路上行驶。考点四：分词独立主格结构 含义: 由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语结构，这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。 当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。 eg. Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum. The meeting being over, they all left the room.名词/主格/代词与现在分词之间是主动
36、关系 eg. The girl staring at him, he didnt know what to say. 名词/主格/代词与过去分词之间是被动关系 eg. Her glasses broken, she couldnt see the words on the blackboard.(P95 3)A large fish is slowly swimming through the water, its tail _back and forth like the pendulum（ 钟摆 ）of a clock. A. swings B. is swung C. is swingi
37、ng D. swinging【答案】D【解析】解析：考查独立主格结构。首先题干中无连词有逗号，所以题目中的句子是一个句子。逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，所以是独立主格结构。前半句已经有谓语is swimming，所以后半句应该选非谓语动词。观察四个选项，只有D项是非谓语动词形式。所以正确选项是D题干译文：一条大鱼慢慢在水中游泳，它的尾巴像钟摆一样来回摆动。(P96 13) So many directors _, the board meeting had to be put off. A. were absent B. been absent C. had been absent D. bein
38、g absent【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词中的独立主格结构。因为该题中没有连接词，又用逗号分开，而且逗号后面已经有谓语had to be put off, 所以只能处理成非谓语形式.排除了 A和C。being absent的原形是be absent(缺席)，把它放在句首时，如果是主动就变成现在进行时，如果是被动就变成过去分词结构，对于这题来说是主动（董事缺席，不是董事被缺席），题干译文：如此多的董事缺席，董事会不得不推迟。_ pretty late，we decided to leave at once in order to catch the last bus. A. Being B
39、. It being C. As is being D. It was being 【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词中的独立主格结构。首先题干中没有连词且是用逗号连接，所以考查的是非谓语动词。可以排除C、D.再看主句的主语是we, 而逻辑主语很明显不是we,而是在说“天”晚，所以要选用带逻辑主语的独立主格结构It being. 所以正确选项是B题干译文：天太晚了，为了赶上最后一班车，我们决定马上离开。The speech _，a lively discussion started. A. being delivered B. was delivered C. be delivered D. h
40、aving been delivered【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词中的独立主格结构。首先题干中没有连词且是用逗号连接，所以考查的是非谓语动词。可以排除B，D。又因为逻辑主语是the speech,而主句主语是a lively discussion ,所以在考查独立主格结构。再看逻辑主语speech与非谓语动词deliver形成的是动宾关系，及演讲是“被”发表，所以要用到被动。很明显发表演讲与讨论之间存在着明显的先后顺序， 所以正确选项是D题干译文：演讲发表完后，一场激烈的讨论开始了。1. 不定式：考点一：（1）一些词的固定搭配，直接接动词不定式做宾语的动词。(记住)如： attempt企
41、图, aim目的, afford负担得起（重点词），offer 提供，tend 趋向于，demand要求，hope希望，long渴望，destine注定，mean意欲，打算，appear似乎，显得，determine决定，decide决定，manage设法，arrange安排，pretend假装，agree同意，desire愿望，swear宣誓，volunteer志愿，endeavor努力，offer提供，fail不能，plan计划，prefer喜欢，宁愿，happen碰巧，prepare准备，learn学习，regret抱歉，遗憾，hesitate犹豫，claim要求，promise承诺，允
42、许，undertake承担，consent同意，赞同，intend/tend想要，refuse拒绝，incline有倾向，propose提议，dare敢于, begin开始, choose选择（2） 接不定式做宾补得一些动词。即常构成Vsb to do sth的形式(记住)ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force, invite, beg, encourage, order, remind, request历年相关真题：18. He didnt allow _in his room, actually he didnt