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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上阅读理解试题分析与答题技巧（二）The greatest lesson of life is that you are responsible for your life.人生最重要的功课是你要为你的人生负责。词义猜测一、题型特点这类试题主要考查学生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分（尤其是该词或短语前后的句子）进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。二、题干表现形式：1. The underlined word in the second paragraph means _.2. The word “it”
2、in the last sentence refers to _.3. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to theunderlined word in the last paragraph?4. The word “satiated” roughly（大致） means _.5. The underlined word “peseta” in paragraph 2 in a kind of _.6. What does the phrase “a much bigger name” in paragraph 1 most
3、 nearly mean?三. 应试技巧1. 猜测生词含义 （请写出有下划线词的中文意思及选择题的答案，不可查字典）1）定义 信号词(signal word)：be, be called, means, be defined as，破折号 - A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrusts the skin and then drinks blood. 蚊子 2）对比关系(correlation) 信号词: but, however, yet, otherwise, while, though, on the one handon the othe
4、r hand, for one thingfor another thing, instead of 等John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty. 节俭 （2012全国卷2 D）Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, i
5、s a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.What does the word “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to? C A. A painting of the skeleton.B. A photograph of LucyC. A copy of the skeleton.D. A written record of Lucy.3）因果关系（causal relationship） 信号词: because, since, as, for, d
6、ue to, so, therefore, sothat, suchthat, thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. 有弹性的 4）举例法(examples) 信号词: such, such as, like, for example/ instance, especially, include, consist of Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belts
7、, headlights, and good brakes. 装置/ 设备 5）重述(restatement) 信号词: or, that is ( to say ), in other words, to put it another way All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to odontoceti, that is to say, they are toothed whales. 有牙齿的6）同义词(synonym)、近义词(near-synonym)
8、 信号词: or, like , asas, the same as Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. 圆胖的7）生活常识When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. 波纹/涟漪 2. 代词指代题 通常代词是被用于代指上文提到的内
9、容。 （2012天津卷D）You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. They did things to you which caused all of you pain and suffering. Q：What does the word “they” probably refer to? A A. People and thin
10、gs around you. B. Opportunities and problems C. Creators and their choices D. Victims and their sufferings3. 句意猜测题考生需要通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行直接或解释性的描述。（2012山东卷A）The words come out to me in the same tone with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyon
11、es is the managements attempt to increase business. Q：What does the underlined sentence mean? D A. The salesgirl is rude B. The salesgirl is bored. C. The salesgirl cares about me. D. the salesgirl says the words as a routine(例行公事).细节理解一、题型特点这类试题主要考查学生快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定信息或理解特定信息的能力。该类试题要求考生在做题时培养快速定
12、位相关细节的能力。二、题干表现形式：1Which of the following statements is True2Which of the questions has been mentioned in the passage?3What is the reason that.?4What do we know about.?5How did the people know the couples problem? 6Why was the bike so important to the couple?三、解题技巧1)直接信息题(direct information problems
13、) 直接信息题能直接从原文中找到信息，而且选项和原文在语言表述上也没有大的变化或有时候仅仅在表达方式上稍作转化。（2011新课标A）When I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5-year-old boy, I couldnt take my eyes off the coin
14、changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.56. Mr Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer_ C .A. to show his magical power. B. to pay for the delivery C. to satisfy his curiosity. D. to please his mother.(2)间接信息题(
15、indirect information problems) 这类题目我们能够从文章中找到信息，但原文信息又不是解题所直接需要的，需要我们对原文信息进行合理地加工处理，根据信息做简单推理或鉴别。它是介于直接信息题和推理判断题之间的一种题型。(3)数据理解题(data comprehension problems)要弄清数据间的逻辑关系，选准正确的数据进行计算，同时弄清单位之间的换算关 系。Most T-shirts worn at a time Krunoslav Budiseli set a new world record on May 22,2010 for wearing 245 T-
16、shirts at the same time. The man from Croatia was officially recognized as the new holder by Guinness World Records after he managed to put on 245 different T-shirts in less than two hours. The T-shirts weighed 68kg and Budiseli said he began struggling around T-shirts No.120. He dethroned the Swedi
17、sh Guinness record holder who wore 238 T-shirts.Q: How many T-shirts had Krunoslav Budiseli put on before he felt it difficult to go on? A. 68 B. 120 C. 238 D. 245【解析】 B。数据理解题。根据文章中的“Budiseli said he began struggling around T-shirts No.120”可知，他在穿了120件后感觉有点吃力了推理判断题一、题型特点需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未遇到的
18、事实或某事发生的可能性等。二、题干表现形式：It can be inferred from the passage that _.The author strongly suggests that _.What does the author imply about newspapers?At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write _.This passage would most likely be found in _.Who are most likely to be the readers of the
19、passage?三、解题技巧1. 严格按照文章中所给的信息进行推理，不能掺杂自己的主观想法。2. 不能是阅读材料的简单重复。3. 如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，但文章没有涉及，也不是正确答案。4. 如果某选项所表达的内容在文章中提到但不完整，也不是正确答案。Passage 1 （2010山东卷A）These days, Thomass main focus is his charity, Fight It, which provides medicines and supplies to people225 to datewho cant afford a diabetics huge
20、expenses. Fight-it.org has raised about $23, 000in products and in cash. In May, Thomas will hold the first annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean. What can we learn about Fight It? A. It helps the diabetics in financial difficulties. B. It organizes parties for volunteers once a year. C
21、. It offers less expensive medicines to diabetics. D. It owns a well-known medical website. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第一句话“. . . his charity, Fight It, which provides medicines and supplies to people. . . who cant afford a diabetics huge expenses. ” 可知 Fight It这一慈善机构在经济上帮助糖尿病人。Passage 2 (2012北京卷A)Basic math int
22、roduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra and beyond. If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction t
23、o you, you can easily exchange it for any other courses we offer. Or you can get your money back. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A. A news report B. A book review C. A lesson plan D. An advertisement 【解析】 跟据文章最后一段，我们可以看出这篇文章来自一则广告。（2012全国卷C）About twenty of us had been fort
24、unate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio（影棚）to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our act would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.The next scene was a complete contrast(对比).The way it was filmed was quite unusual. Pictures taken on an island
25、in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen. An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the waters edge on an island. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio! Since it was our turn nex
26、t, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film “Stars”!64. Who is the author? C A. A cameraman.B. A film director.C. A crowd-scene actor(群众演员)D. A workman for scene setting66. What would happe
27、n in the three minutes mentioned, in the last paragraph? A A. A new scene would be filmed.B. More stars would act in the film.C. The author would leave the studio.D. The next scene would be prepared.课堂小结主旨大意题： 找主题句（文首，文中，文尾） 词义猜测题： 上下文，信息词 细节理解题： 直接信息题，间接信息题，数据理解题 推理判断题： 不掺杂个人想法，不是简单重复，文章中要有涉及，表述内容要
28、完整People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners d
29、o, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions, Jack said. Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth. According to Jack and
30、 her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The researchers studied cultura
31、l differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accura
32、tely participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a refle
33、ction of cultural difference in facial expressions, Jack said. Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less. In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examini
34、ng how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 66. The discovery shows that Westerners . A. pay eq
35、ual attention to the eyes and the mouth B. consider facial expressions universally reliable C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different waysD. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions 67. What were the people asked to do in the study?A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their
36、faces impressive. C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers faces. 68. What does the underlined word they in Paragraph 6 refer to?A. The participants in the study. B. The researchers of the study. C. The errors made during the study. D. The data collected from the study. 69. I
37、n comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to . A. do translation more successfullyB. study the mouth more frequentlyC. examine the eyes more attentivelyD. read facial expressions more correctly70. What can be the best title for the passage? A. The Eye as the Window to the SoulB. Cultural D
38、ifferences in Reading EmotionsC. Effective Methods to Develop Social SkillsD. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding【语篇解读】本文为科普说明文。主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表情。66. A：细节理解题根据第三段 “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略)
39、 the mouth. ” 可以得出答案67. C：细节理解题根据第五段 “by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. ”可以判断选C68. A：词义猜测根据定语从句 “that they show”
40、所修饰的 eye movements 在研究中为the participants 所作（从the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people”可知）可判断选A69. C：细节理解题根据第六段 “It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. ”可判断选C70. B：主旨大意题文章首先指出科学研究的最新发现：
41、东方人比西方人更难于读懂人的面部表情。之后更具体地介绍研究的结构及其研究过程，最后得出结论：文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。由此判断最佳标题应为BForget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions（地区）of the world, it remains the next big thingfina
42、lly becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better. Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%. That is some way behind the U. S. ,where are more TVs than people, and
43、 where people now easily get access to the Internet. Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005 , after the fall of the Taliban（塔利班）,which had outlawed TV, I in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013pushing the numbers
44、 to well beyond two thirds of families. Televisions most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands approval and less likely to want a boy r
45、ather than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care. TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Bollywood songs with words in Gujarati on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a sma
46、ll but significant（有意义的）improvement in their reading skills. Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide. 60. The underlined word “outlawed” in paragraph 2 probably means “ ”. A. allowed B. banned C. offered D. refused 61. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Americans used to get access to the Internet easily. B. The worlds TV sets will total 150million by 2013. C. 45% of families in the developing countries had a TV in 2005. D. Over