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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上名词是什么?“名”就是名字,那么顾名思义,名词是表示人或物名称的词。联系到我们的生活中,花草树木是名词,太阳月亮天体宇宙是名词,等等。按照其是否专指特定,名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。具体情况见下表:普通名词专有名词个体名词如:student, computer集体名词如:team, family, class物质名词如:water, milk抽象名词如:information, anger如:China, Li Mei, London一般可数,有单复数形式一般不可数,没有单复数形式在句子中怎么用?句子成分例句注意主语The worker here work h
2、ard.一般情况下,名词不可以单独作为句子成分。从例句我们可以看出可数名词单数前需加a/an/the或者数词。表语My uncle is an engineer.同位语Bob, our monitor, is a smart boy.呼语Boy, come here.定语She wears a gold necklace.宾语I eat an apple.需要掌握的重点难点一、 可数名词的复数既然名词表示的是人或事物的名词,可数名词表示一个人或者一个物体时需要和冠词配合使用,那么表示两个或者多个人/事的时候有什么变化呢?不光要在前面加数量词,名词本身也要变成复数形式。虽然名词变复数的情况五花八
3、门,但也有一些规律可循,熟悉了这些规则,我们就掌握了一大半单词的复数形式。1. 规则名词复数形式名词直接词尾加s变复数。如:pen - pens apple - apples以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的单词加es变复数。如:bus - buses watch - watches fish - fishes tomato - tomatoeshero,potato,tomato,Negro是加es,其他一般加s 记住:Negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes. 黑人和英雄吃西红柿和土豆。以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i再加es.如:ba
4、by - babies factory - factories library - libraries以f或fe结尾,去掉f或fe,变v再加es。如:knife - knives wife - wives leaf - leaves life - lives shelf - shelves注意:gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief变复数加s。口诀:海湾边、屋顶上、首领奴仆两相望;谁说他们无信仰,证据写在手帕上。2. 不规则名词的复数形式改变单数名词中的元音字母。如:foot - feet, man - men, tooth -
5、 teeth结尾加en或者ren。如:ox - oxen, child - children表示“某国人”的单复数变化a, 单复数同形。如:Chinese, Japaneseb, 词尾加s. 如:German - Germans, American - Americans, Roman - Romansc, 变man为men。如:Englishman - Englishmen复合名词的复数变化a. 变中心词。如: a son-in-law复数变成sons-in-lawb. 在最后加s。如:a grown-up复数变为grown-upsc. 前后名词都变。如:woman doctor复数变为wo
6、men doctorsd. Boy/girl在前时,变后面的词。如:a boy student复数变为boy students有少数名词是单复数同形。如:sheep, people二、不可数名词不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,一般只有单数形式,没有复数形式。但它们也有以下特殊形式。1) 物质名词和抽象名词借助单位词表示一定的数量。如:a cup of tea a piece of paper a loaf of bread a piece of advice2) 有些物质名词和抽象名词变成复数后意义有所不同。如:air-airs神气 good-goods商品 paper-papers考卷 t
7、ime-times时代三、常用国籍的单、复数名称总称(谓语用复数)一个人二个人中国人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen澳大利亚人the Australiansan Australiantwo Australians俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians美国人the Americansan Americant
8、wo Americans德国人the Germansa Germantwo Germans归纳记忆:中国人和日本人单复数相同,英国人和法国人把a变成e,其余的在后面加s。四、名词所有格,意思是“-的”分类规则例词s所有格单数名词在末尾加sToms pen汤姆的笔Want Meis ruler王梅的尺子以s结尾的可数名词复数,在末尾加Teachers Day教师节Childrens Day 儿童节the students books学生们的书twenty minutes walk 20分钟的步行以s结尾的人名,在末尾加Dickens novels狄更斯的小说表示各自的所有关系,各名词末尾均须加s
9、Lucys and Lilys bikes露西和莉莉的自行车(她们分别有自己的自行车)表示共同所有关系时,最后一词末尾加sluck and Lilys bedroom露西和莉莉的卧室(她们共享一个房间)有些名词如诊所、家、店铺所有格后加s后,可以省去名词。the doctors医生诊所 at Mr Whites在怀特先生家the book-sellers书店of所有格“名词+of+名词”构成of所有格,常用来表示无生命的名词的所有关系。the window of the room这个房间的窗户the life of the rich有钱人的生活双重所有格在同一名词词组中同时具备s以及of两种所
10、有格a friend of my fathers我爸爸的一个朋友名词单复数、所有格专项练习一、选择正确的答案 1、I want three white paper. A、pieces B、piece of C、pieces of 2、Do you want to drink much ? A、a milk B、milk C、milks 3、This is room. Its very big. A、Lily and Lucys B、Lilys and Lucys C、Lilys and Lucy 4、We visited house yesterday. A、Tom B、Toms C、Toms
11、 5、Do you want some for supper? A、a potato B、potatoes C、potatos 6、In autumn,you can see a lot of on the ground. A、leaf B、leafs C、leaves 7、My sister has two . One is old,the other is new. A、a watch B、watchs C、watches 8、Best wishes to you for Day! A、Teachers B、Teachers C、Teacher 9、Many children like t
12、o go to the Palace on Sunday. A、Children B、Childrens C、Childrens 10、They come from Japan.Theyre . A、Japanese B、Japaneses C、a Japanese 11、There are on the plate. A、two meat B、two meats C、two pieces of meat 12、Some are coming to help us. A、peoples B、people C、the people 13、Do you think the of buses is
13、terrible? A、noise B、voice C、sound 14、All the are made of ,not plastics. A、glass,glass B、glassese,glass C、glassese,glassese 15、The horse has four . A、feet B、feets C、foots 16、Can you see many are eating the grass at the foot of the hill? A、sheeps B、sheep C、a sheep 17、I saw quite a few walking in the s
14、treet last night. A、Germen B、German C、Germans 18、The two have been hidden among those trees. A、theifs B、thieves C、a thief 19、 Jim,where were you last night? At . A、Doctor Lis B、Doctor Lis C、Doctor Lis20、Mr Green takes a after supper. A、20 minutes walk B、20-minute walk C、20 minutes walk参考答案:CBABC CCB
15、CA CBABA BCBAC二、用所给单词的正确形式填空. 1、Therere ten living in this building.(family) 2、In autumn fall form the trees.(leaf) 3、A lot of visited our school last week.(policeman) 4、The teach us how to pick apples.(farm) 5、The plaza is full of .(visit) 6、The shop sells . (radio) 7、There are many different kinds
16、 of in the shop.(knife) 8、Do you know who was the of the paper?(invent) 9、The girl has just had an on her eyes.(operate) 10、When I grow up,I want to be a .(science)参考答案:families leaves policemen farmers visitors radios knives inventor operation scientist三、写出下列名词的复数形式:1、bus 2、class 3、dress 4、glass 5、
17、box 6、match 7、watch 8、tomato 9、radio 10、photo 11、zoo 12、city 13、family 14、country 15、factory 16、party 17、story 18、baby 19、day 20、way 21、key 22、boy 23、life 24、knife 25、leaf 26、German 27、Frenchman 28、man 29、woman 30、Chinese 31、Japanese 32、American 33、sheep 34、foot 35、tooth 36、child 参考答案:buses classes
18、dresses glasses boxes matches watches tomatoes radios photos zoos cities families countries factories parties stories babies days ways keys boys lives knives leaves Germans Frenchmen men women Chinese Japanese Americans sheep feet teeth children四、用所给名词的所有格形式完成下列句子. 1、 Are these dictionaries your (br
19、other)? No,they are my (father). 2、Excuse me,which is the way to the Hospital? (Children) 3、 Whose are the rain coats? They are the (students). 4、After my sister finished middle school,she went to the college.(teachers) 5、 Is there anything important in newspaper? No,there isnt.(today)参考答案:brothers fathers Childrens students teachers todays专心-专注-专业