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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上语法精讲精练：动词时态和语态动词时态与语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴,构成了英语语法的基本框架.因此时态与语态也是高考中出现频率最高的语法项目.英语有十六种时态,但常考的主要有一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时及完成进行时等.语态一般不单独设题,通常结合时态进行综合考查.（一）时态概念时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生的时间的各种形式.英语中有十六种动词时态形式,但常见的有九种,见下表：本专题为大家讲解了16种英语时态的用法,为大家总结了英语时态表,方便同学们更好的英语时态的结构.英语的基本时态由三种“时”（
2、时间），四种“态”（状态）交叉构成。四种“时”：过去 现在 将来 (过去将来)四种“态”：常态 进行态 完成态 (完成进行态 ) 一般时(常态) 进行时 完成时 完成进行时过去 studied be studying had studied had been studying现在 study be studying have studied have been studying将来 will study will be studying will have studied will have been studying过去将来 would study would be studying wou
3、ld have studied would have been studying这里有16种英语时态的详细讲解,学习更多请看英语时态表:时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。一、过去时态：四种1一般过去时态：表示过去存在的状态（be动词），经常做的动作I did it. 我（过去经常）做这件事。2过去进行时态：表示过去正在进行的动作I was doing it. 我（过去的某个时间）正在做这件事。3过去完成时态：表示过去已经完成，对过去的某个时间产生影响，形成结果I had done it. 我（过去的某个
4、时间）已经做完这件事了。4过去完成进行时态：表示一直在进行的动作（字面意思已经在进行）I had been doing it. 我（到过去的某个时间）一直在做这件事。二、现在时态：四种5一般现在时态：表示现存的状态（be动词），经常做的动作I do it. 我（经常）做这件事。6现在进行时态：表示正在进行的动作I am doing it. 我（现在）正在做这件事。7现在完成时态：表示现在已经完成，对现在产生影响，形成结果I have done it. 我（现在）已经做完这件事了。8现在完成进行时态：表示一直在进行的动作（字面意思已经在进行）I have been doing it. 我（现在）
5、一直正在做这件事。三、将来时态：四种9一般将来时态：表示将来存在的状态（be动词），将来经常做的动作I will do it. 我将要做这件事。10将来进行时态：表示将来正在进行的动作I will be doing it. 我将要正在做这件事。11将来完成时态：表示到将来的某个时间已经完成，对那个时间产生影响，形成结果I will have done it. 我（到将来的某个时间）已经做完这件事了。12将来完成进行时态：表示将来一直在进行的动作（字面意思已经在进行）I will have been doing it. 我（到将来的某个时间）将一直在做这件事。四、 过去将来时态：四种（平时根本用
6、不到，只在讲故事或小说中出现）13一般过去将来时态：表示对过去的某一时间来讲的将来存在的状态（be动词），将来经常做的动作，对现在来讲已成过去I would do it.14过去将来进行时态：表示对过去的某一时间来讲的将来正在进行的动作，对现在来讲已成过去I would be doing it.15过去将来完成时态：表示对过去的某一时间来讲的到将来的某个时间已经完成，对那个时间产生影响，形成结果，对现在来讲已成过去I would have done it.16过去将来完成进行时态：表示对过去的某一时间来讲的将来一直在进行的动作（字面意思已经在进行），对现在来讲已成过去I would have
7、been doing it.动词的过去式和过去分词有什么区别?疑点：动词的过去式和过去分词有什么区别?解析：动词的过去式用在一般过去时中，过去分词用在完成时态或被动时态中。大多数情况下，动词变为过去式需要在末尾直接加-ed，动词变为过去分词也是在末尾直接加-ed，从构成上来说，动词的过去式和过去分词很多情况下都是一样的。(比如finish，它的过去式和过去分词都是finished，都是在finish的末尾直接加ed)用法：过去式用于一般过去时中， 过去分词要和其它成分连用。比如：1)have/has + 过去分词 (现在完成时)2)had + 过去分词(过去完成时)3)be + 过去分词(被动
8、语态)例：I lost my keys.我弄丢了我的钥匙。 (lost是动词lose的过去式，动词的过去式可以单独使用，不需要和其他词连用，所以lost可以单独使用。) I have finished my homework.我已经做完了作业。(句中的finished是过去分词，过去分词必须要和其他词一起使用，在这个句中，必须要和have连用，表示现在完成时。)注：动词的过去式和过去分词的单词构成大致是一样的，大多数情况下都是在词尾直接加上-ed就可以了。以上文章由索罗学院整理语法精讲精练：动词时态和语态语法专练-被动语态 一、语态概述 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去
9、动。 例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词-本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双
10、宾。不及物动词-本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：amisareeaten 一般过去时：waswereeaten一般将来时：will/shall/be going to beeaten过去将来时：would/should/be going to beeaten现在进行时：amisare beingeaten 过去进行时：waswere beingeaten现在完成时：havehas beeneaten 过去完成时：had beeneaten歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分
11、词跟后面。 一般现在时的被动语态例句We grow rice in China.-Rice is grown in China.They teach English in their school.-English is taught in their school.一般过去时的被动语态例句一般过去时的被动语态形式是was/ were done。 如：My parents gave me a new computer as my birthday present.被动语态 I was given a new computer as my birthday present.We were ver
12、yexcited as our team beat all the other teams in the game.被动语态 We were veryexcited as all the other teams were beaten in the game.一般将来时的被动语态例句一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词：A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.The classroom will be cleaned by Lilei to
13、morrow.These homework will be finished in ten minutes.The building will be built in the end of this year.I think he will be beat in the end.Thousands of trees be planted on the hill next year.They will be asked to attend the meeting.In class you will not be allowed to leave .This letter will not be
14、posted tomorrow.These cups be broken by he yesterday.A horse will not be drawn in a second.I think i will be killed by you.This song will be sung tomorrow .The tenth lesson will be learnt in next week .Lunch is going to be finished cooking when i come backHe will be sent to America to study when you
15、 come back .现在进行时的被动语态例句1. Were being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs.2. So many things are being done here to save local wildlife.3. What is being done for the milu deer?4. New nature parks are not being started in China.5. Are milu deer being sent to China from Britain?6. Another bridge i
16、s being built over the Yangtze River.现在完成时的被动语态例句She has asked him to go there with her .-He has been asked to go there with her.They have done nothing to make the river clean again- Nothing has been done to make the river clean again.I have been sold .我被欺骗了。I have been demoted.我被降级了。You have been w
17、arned .你已经受到警告了。What have been done ?做了些什么?I have been fired.我被炒鱿鱼了。Things Have Been Okay一切都正常. 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. - He was laughed at by all people
18、. They make the bikes in the factory. -The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 五、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”。例如： we can repair this watch in two days. -This watch can be repaired in two days. We must finish this work soon. -This work must be done soon.专心-专注-专业