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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上最新初三英语语法知识点集锦初三英语语法知识点集锦一一、定义过去将来时常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。过去将来时常用“would + 动词原形”或“was / were going to +动词原形”来表达。过去将来时的基本特征,也就是我么年今天所谈到的“立足过去,着眼未来”。它表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某种状态。例如:Mary told me that she would go to Shanghai by plane.玛丽告诉我说她将要坐飞机去上海。二、用法1.表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。I didnt know when h
2、e would go to the park.He said that he would wait for me at the school gate.此种情况常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。用“was / were going to + 动词原形”,“was / were about to +动词原形”表示将来的动作或状态。She told me she was going to fly to Yunnan.I was about to leave the house when the telephone rang.和一般将来时一样,也可用相应的其他形式表示。2.过去进行时态有时可用来表示过去将
3、来。He said the train was leaving atfive the next morning. He said he was coming to see me.常见于come, go等瞬间动词。(1)基本构成A ) would + 动词原形如:He asked me if I would stay here. 他问我是否要待在这儿。B ) was / were going to + 动词原形如:No one knew when he was going to finish his homework.没有人知道他什么时候会完成作业。C ) was/ were ( about )
4、 to + 动词原形如:He said that they were to leave at six. 他说他们将于6点动身。She said that the meeting was about to begin. 她说会议就要开始了D) come, go, arrive, leave, die 等瞬时动词,用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来。如:She told us that she was leaving for Yunnan. 她告诉我们她将要去云南。(2)基本用法A ) 主句为过去时,宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情。如:Nobody knew what would happen afte
5、r a hundredyears.没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。We wanted to know whether she was going to speak at the meeting.我们想知道她是否准备在会上发言。B ) 在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时,用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生的事。如:It was a Sunday afternoon. A young woman named Maria had just leftschool.一个星期天的下午,一位名叫玛丽亚的年轻人刚离开学校。He was going to start to work the next wee
6、k, so she decided to buy some newclothes and a new pair of shoes. 因为她准备下周开始工作,所以,决定买些新衣服和一双新鞋子。C ) 过去将来时还可以用来表示非真实的动作或状态。如:If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at HarvardUniversity.如果我有机会出国学习的话,我就会去哈佛大学。I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。初三英语语法知识点集锦二1. “主语
7、+ 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明“某人或某物如何动作”,或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析:“他们”(主语)“到了”(谓语动作)。The earth turns around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。2. “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”,或者说“某人或某物发出了动作,并且
8、其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。例:I study English.分析:“我”(主语)“学习”(谓语动作)“英语”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。3. “主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同,说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”,或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物”。例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“我们的老师”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“我们”(间接宾语)“英语”(直接宾语)。4. “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”(
9、即“主谓宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。例: He asked her to go there.分析:“他”(主语)“要求”(谓语动作)“她”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“去那里”(补语补充说明宾语应做什么)。5. “主语 + have + 宾语”(即“拥有”句型)这一句型主要用于说明“某人或某物拥有什么(宾语,即有形或无形的资源)”。例: You have a nice watch. 你有一块漂亮的手表分析:“你”拥有一块漂亮的手表,即你拥有一个可以及时且漂亮的器具。6. “There + be + 主语+ ”(即“存在”句型)这一句型
10、用以说明“在某地或某时存在某人或物”。例:There is a bird in the tree. 在树上有一只鸟。分析:“在树上”(地点)“有一只鸟”(存在物)。7. “主语 + 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。汉语的“是”字结构属于这一英语句型的形式之一。常用的联系动词有be,keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem,smell, sound, taste, 等。例: I am a teacher.
11、我是一名老师分析:“我”(主语)“是”(系动词)“一名老师”(表语即表明主语的身份)。She felt very tired. 她感觉到很累。He became an engineer.他成为了一名工程师。You look pale today, are you ill? 你今天脸色看起来苍白,病了吗?8. 比较句型这一句型用以比较物质甲与乙之间的异同。1) 相等比较: as + 形容词/副词原级 + as;as + 形容词+名词 + as例:He is as rich as John.他和约翰一样富有。例:He has as much money as she does.他和她的钱一样多2)
12、 劣等比较: less + 形容词/副词原级 + than 例:He is less careful than she. 他没她细心。3) 优等比较:+ 形容词/副词比较级 + than ;the + 形容词/副词比较级 + of the two例:She is more careful than he.她比他细心多了。例: He is the cleverer of the two boys.两个男孩中他更聪明些。4)级:the + 形容词/副词级(单数名词或one)+ of(among) + 人或物in + 场所例: He is the tallest in the class.他是班上的
13、。9. “it + is/was + 形容词 + to do/从句”(即评价句型)这一句型用于说明“某一动作或事情属于什么性质或具有什么特征”。即对某一动作或事情进行评价。(这里it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 to do 结构或that 从句)例:It is important to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语很重要。分析:本句重在说明“学习一门外语”(to learn a foreign language)这一动作的性质是“重要的”。初三英语语法知识点集锦三引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要的有if, unless, as so long as等:You ca
14、n leave now if you like. 如果你愿意现在就可以走了。As long as it doesnt rain we can go. 只要不下雨,我们就可以去。【注】除以上基本的引导条件状语从句的从属连词外,还有的动词尤其是其分词形式(如suppose, supposing, provided,providing等)和介词短语(如in case, on condition that等)也可用作连词表示条件:In case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘记,请提醒我一下。I will come on condition (tha
15、t) she is invited too. 如果邀请她来, 那我就来。He may go with us provided providing he arrives in time.他若及时到,就可以和我们一起走。Suppose 和supposing 引导条件状语从句时,通常用于主句为疑问句的场合:Suppose the boss saw you,what would he say? 如果老板看到你,他会怎样说?Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him? 他若不来,是不是不带他去?条件状语从句的时态当主句为将来时态或具有将来意时,条件状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态:Ill stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 要是明天下雨,我就呆在家里。【注】有时也可见到 if you will 这样的说法,但那不是将来时态,而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(此处的 will是情态动词):If you will wait for a moment, Ill go and tell the manager that you arehere. 请等一下,我去告诉经理说你来了。专心-专注-专业