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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上非谓语动词常考知识点用法必背一、作宾语（一） 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语 afford to do（付得起）， agree to do（同意）， decide to do（决定）， determine to do（决心）， expect to do（期待）， fail to do（未履行）， help (to )do（帮助）， hope to do（希望），learn to do（学会）， manage to do（设法）， offer to do（主动提出）， plan to do（计划），pretend to do（假装）， promise to do（答应）
2、， refuse to do（拒绝）， seem to do（觉得好像），want to do（想要）， wish to do（希望） happen to do举例：1.The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 2. I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的。3. He managed to pass the driving test. 他设法通过了驾驶考试。4. My father promised to buy me a new bik
3、e. 我爸爸答应给我买一辆新单车。5. He cant afford to buy an expensive car. 他买不起昂贵的小车。6. We decide to study hard from now on. 我们决定从现在起努力学习。（二） 以下动词后，只能跟动名词作宾语avoid doing(避免) ， consider doing（考虑做） ， enjoy doing（乐于做）， keep doing（继续做）finish doing（完成）， suggest doing（建议做）， dislike doing（不喜欢）， escape doing（逃脱） cannot hel
4、p doing（禁不住） ，imagine doing（想象） ，mind doing（介意） ， miss doing（错过），practise doing（练习）， appreciate 感激，欣赏举例：1. You can hardly avoid meeting her if you both work in the same office.如果你们两人在同一个办公室做事，你几乎免不了要遇见她。2We are considering going shopping this afternoon.我们正考虑下午去购物。3. I enjoy reading in the library at
5、 weekend. 我喜欢周末在图书馆看书。4. The little girl escaped being injured in the accident. 这个小女孩没有在这次事故中受伤。5. We often practice speaking English in the morning. 我们经常在早上练习说英语。6I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. 我很感激两年前能有出国学习的机会.（三）以下动词后，既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义不同stop to do
6、停下、去做另一件事 mean to do计划/打算做某事 try to do 尽力做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 mean doing 意味着 try doing 尝试做某事 regret to do 遗憾没有/要去做某事 go on to do 接着去做某事 forget to do忘记去做某事regret doing 后悔做了某事 go on doing 继续做某事 forget doing 忘记曾做过某事remember to do记得要去做某事 remember doing记得曾做过某事（四）作介词宾语：devote to(doing) sth 献身于， object to
7、(doing) sth.反对 ， pay attention to注意get down to开始着手做， lead to导致, look forward to(doing ) sth.盼望stick to坚持， be used to ( doing) sth习惯于等 give up doing 放弃feel like doing想要做某事 keep on doing 继续 insist on（doing）坚持 e.g.1. I am looking forward to seeing you again.2. The little boy feels like being taken outs
8、ide.3. My grandfather is used to getting up early in the morning.4. He has devoted his whole life to teaching.（五）以下动词后，既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义没有大区别begin to do begin doing start to do start doing开始做 continue to do continue doing继续做like to do like doing二、作宾语补足语（一）动词不定式做宾补advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做 persua
9、de sb. to do sth.= persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人做 expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做 would like sb. to do sth. / want sb. to do sth.想要某人做allow sb. to do sth. = permit sb. to do sth允许某人做. forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做encourage sb. to do sth鼓励某人做. prefer sb. to do sth.宁愿某人做 tell/ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做 remin
10、d sb. to do sth.提醒某人做 get sb. to do sth.让某人做 force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做 1. My mother often reminds me to study hard.2. The teacher got us to do some reading practice after class.3. The workers were forced to work day and night.4. We encourage him to have a try once again.5
11、. My classmates advise me to read English aloud every morning.6. Children are forbidden to play near the bank.7. My grandmother persuaded him to give up smoking.My grandmother persuaded him into giving up smoking.（二）主语+感官动词（see/ watch/ hear/ notice/ feel）+宾语+ do 动作全过程：做了某事 使役动词（have/ make / let /kee
12、p / find ） doing 动作正在进行 I felt the floor move. done 表被动: 某人/事被、 I watched the glasses on the table fall off onto the ground. We heard someone singing outside the classroom. They saw him playing basketball on the play ground. I saw a thief caught by the police just now. Im sorry to have kept you wait
13、ing so long. He couldnt make himself heard in such a noisy room. We found a horse tied to a big tree.（三）with+宾语+ to do 表将来， 表未做的动作 doing 表主动 done 表完成、被动With lots of homework to do, we will be very busy today.有很多作业要做，今天我们会很忙。With lots of homework done, we are not very busy today.很多作业已完成了，今天我们不是很忙。Wit
14、h the teacher helping us, we finished the homework easily .有老师的帮助，我们很容易就完成了作业。三、作定语和表语（主要区别现在分词和过去分词）常见的词有：interesting有趣的 exciting令人激动的 delighting令人高兴的 interested 感兴趣的 excited感到激动的 delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的 puzzling令人费解的disappointed感到失望的 encouraged 感到鼓舞的 please
15、d 感到愉快的 puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的 surprising 令人吃惊的 worrying令人担心的 satisfied 感到满意的 surprised感到吃惊的 worried 感到担心的 We are satisfied with the satisfying answer.I am very interested in the interesting story.The parents were worried about their worrying son.They were surprised at the surprising news.The t
16、eacher was disappointed to know the disappointing result.四、其它常用结构: (1) prevent sb./sth.（from）doing sth. 阻止某人做/阻止某事发生=stop sb. (from )doing sth. 阻止某人做/阻止某事发生= keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做/阻止某事发生keep sb./sth.doing sth. 让某人一直在做某事 catch sb. doing sth. 抓住某人正在做某事spend(in) doing sth.花.做某事 waste.doing sth
17、.浪费.做某事have difficulty / trouble (in ) doing sth. 在做.方面有困难have no choice but to do sth.别无选择,只能. do nothing/anything but do 除不能1. The heavy rain prevented us (from) going out last night.昨天晚上大雨阻止我们出去.The heavy rain stopped us(from )going out last night.The heavy rain kept us from going out last night.
18、 2The boss kept the workers working from morning to night.3. I spent two hours (in) finishing my homework this evening. 今天晚上我花了两个小时完成我的作业.4. He wasted a lot of time and money playing computer games.他浪费了大量的时间和金钱玩电脑游戏.5. They have some difficulty (in) communicating with others.他们在和别人交流方面有困难.6. We have
19、 no choice but to put off the meeting because of the bad weather. 因为糟糕的天气我们别无选择，只能把会议延期。7. You can do nothing now but wait for the reply.你现在什么都不能做，只能等回复。8The teacher caught that student cheating in the exam. 老师抓住那个学生正在考试作弊。(2) It is / was brave/ careless/ kind/ nice/honest/polite/rude/ wrong of sb.
20、to do sth.1. It is very kind of you to say so.2. It is rude of you to quarrel with the teacher.3. It was honest of him to admit what he had done.4. It was wrong of you to play computer games yesterday.(3) It is /was important/necessary/ impossible/ possible for sb. to do sth. 1It is important for us
21、 to learn English well. 2. It is necessary for them to turn to the teachers for advice. 3. It is possible for you to improve your pronunciation if you practice more.(4) It takes /took sb. some timeto do sth. 某人花.做某事 It will take us two hours to finish our homework. It took them three days to repair
22、the building.(5) It is no good/ use /need doing sth. 做.没有好处/用/必要 It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is no need making an excuse for this.(6) There is no need/ use/ good /harm/ hurry (in) doing sth.There is no need (in) buying so many things.There is no good drinking too much wine.(7) Honestly s
23、peaking, = to be honest 老实说Generally speaking,一般来说，Strictly speaking, 严格地说Frankly speaking,坦率地说Judging from/ by由/根据、判断Considering 考虑到、Considering everything, John is not so bad after all. Judging from his accent, he must be from America.Generally speaking, students are forbidden to go into the compu
24、ter room.(8) need / want/ require + doing = need/ want/ require to be done The bicycle needs repairing. = The bicycle needs to be repaired.The flowers want watering. = The flowers want to be watered.(9) be worth doing = be worthy of being done =be worthy to be done = It is worthwhile to do/ doing st
25、h.练习：一、 分词作定语和表语：练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空，并总结归纳语法规则。1. Do you know the boy _standing_ (stand) at the gate?2. Have you read the book _written_ (write) by Lu Xun？3. The house _built_ (build) last year is our new library now.The house _to be build_ (build) next year will be our new library.The house _being buil
26、t_ (build) now will be our new library.4. The girl _reading_ (read) over there is my classmate.5. He is very _interested_ in the _interesting_ story. (interest)6. They were _disappointed_ to hear the _disappointing_ news. (disappoint)7. Alice read the letter with a _puzzled_ (puzzle) expression on h
27、er face.8. The _excited_ (excite) student didnt know what to say.9. There was a worried look on the mothers face. She was worried about her worrying son.(worry)用法及常考知识点归纳：动词现在分词与过去分词作定语和表语的区别： （1）从时态和语态上区别： 现在分词：表 进行 、 主动 过去分词：表 完成 、 被动 （2）单个分词作定语，一般放在所修饰的名词 前面 作 前置 定语；分词短语作定语，一般放在所修饰的名词 后面 ，作 后置 定语
28、，意义相当于一个定语从句并可与之相转换； （3）一些与感觉有关的及物动词，如：exciting, excited; worrying, worried等作定语和表语时，其现在分词和过去分词均已形容词化，但它们的含义不同：现在分词：令人、的，表主语所具有的特征，多用来修饰 物 ，即：表语：sth +be +v-ing 或 定语：v-ing + sth.过去分词: 人感到、，表主语所处的状态，多用来指： 人 以及和人有关的，如：人的表情(v-ed + expression)，人的嗓音(v-ed +voice)等二、 非谓语动词（分词和不定式）作宾语补足语：练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空，并总结归纳
29、语法规则。1. I saw an old man _knocked_ (knock) down by a car.2. I saw a car _knocking_ (knock) down an old man.3. I found the dog _following_ (follow) a man.4. I found the dog _followed_(follow) by a man.5. Listen! I heard her _singing_ (sing) next door.6. I heard her _sing_(sing) next door just now.7.
30、I heard the song _sung_ (sing) by her next door.8. With a lot of problems _to solve_(solve), the manager will have a busy day.9. With a lot of problems _solved_(solve), the manager feels relaxed now.10. With the workers _solving_ (solve) a lot of problems for him, the manager feels very relaxed. 用法及
31、常考知识点归纳：(分词和不定式）作宾语补足语（1） 非谓语动词在“感官类动词+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中作宾语补足语，有如下含义： do : 听见/看见某人做了某事 表动作的全过程 hear/see/ watch/ notice/ feel + sb. /sth. + doing: 听见/看见某人正在做某事. 表主动,进行 done: 听见/看见某人/某事被. 表被动, 完成 （2） 非谓语动词在“with +宾语+宾语补足语” 这一结构中作宾语补足语，有如下含义： to do: 表将要做/ 未做的动作 With + sb. / sth. + doing: 表主动进行_ done: 表被动,
32、完成 (3 ) 非谓语动词在“使役类动词+宾语+宾语补足” 这一结构中作宾语补足语的用法： do . to dohave sb./sth doing get + sb. /sth. + done done doing do find / keep sb./sth. doing make sb. /sth. done done 三、非谓语动词作状语：练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空，并总结归纳语法规则。1. _Seen_ (see) from the tower, the city looks beautiful.2. _Seeing_ (see) from the tower, we find
33、the people on the ground look like small ants.3. She walked out of the house, _followed_by her little daughter. (follow)4. She walked out of the house, _following_ her little daughter. (follow)5. Hearing (hear) the good news ,we jumped with joy.6. He arrived at the station hurriedly, only _to find_(
34、find) the train had left.7. The soldiers went to battle field, never _to return_ (return) again. 8. The glass fell to the ground, _broken_ (break) to pieces.9. Judging (judge) from the expression on his face, he had failed the driving test again10. Generally speaking (speak) ,girls are more careful
35、than boys . 用法及常考知识点归纳：非谓语动词作状语（1）非谓语动词作状语可表： 原因,条件,时间,让步,方式, （2）分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致。（3）区别： 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的 主动关系 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系 （4）部分由“be+ 过去分词+介词 ”属于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用be，直接用过去分词表主语所处的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：be lost in（陷入某种状态）、be seated（坐着的）、be absorbed in （沉溺
36、于）、 be born in（出身于）、be dressed in（穿着）、be tired of（厌烦了）,be faced with （面临着）, be known as/ for（因、而出名）等。(5) 目的状语一般用： 不定式 ；（6）不定式与分词作结果状语时的区别： to do: 一般放在only, never后，表示： 意料不到的,意外的结果 v-ing: 主动，表示：_自然而然的结果或能意料得到的结果_ v-ed: 被动，四、综合练习1._ Lost （lose）in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.2.St
37、rictly_speaking_ (speak), When _taken_(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.3. With a lot of difficult problems_to settle_ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.4. Cleaning women in big cities usually get_paid_ (pay) by the hour.5. I meant to buy an ev
38、ening paper, but I didnt see anyone _selling_(sell) them.6. Just now I saw a man_walking_ (walk) in the street, with a little girl _seated_(seat) on his shoulder 7. The thief was caught_stealing_ (steal) goods in the supermarket again 8. _Judging_ ( judge )from the expression on his face, he had fai
39、led the driving test again9. _Not knowing_ (not know) his telephone number, she lost touch with him.10. With the test _finished_(finish), we began to analyze the result.11.The car was held up by the snowstorm, thus _causing_ (cause) the delay. 12.The glass fell to the ground, _broken_ (break) to pie
40、ces.13. _Dressed_ (dress) in a white shirt, the girl looks beautiful.14. When faced (face) with danger, we should keep calm.15. The curtain _hanging_ (hang) on the window over there looks beautiful.16. The _lost_ (lose) child was found at last.The _missing_ (miss) child was found at last.17. I found
41、 many villagers _seated_ (seat) at the back of the classroom. I found many villagers _sitting_ (sit) at the back of the classroom.不规则动词过去式过去分词巧记表AAA型 过去式、过去分词与原形一致原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义cut cut cut cutting 切、割shut shut shut shutting 关、闭（门窗）put put put putting 放置let let let letting 让set set set setting 设置hit hit hit hitting 撞击hurt hurt hurt hurting 受伤；疼痛cost cost cost costing 值钱；花费read ri:d read r