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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上虚拟语气的用法与高考必考知识点 语气 (mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一、虚拟语气在条件状语句中的应用 条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气
2、。如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 条件从句主句与现在事实相反If 主语 +动词过去式（be的过去式用were）Shouldwouldmight could+动词原形 与过去事实相反If 主语 + had + 过去分词shouldwouldmightcould+ have 过去分词 与将来事实可能相
3、反If 主语 + 动词过去式（be的过去式用were）； should动词原形；were to动词原形should （would, might， could）+ 动词原形1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用shouldwouldmightcould +动词原形。如：If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. 如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。2
4、. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用 had + 过去分词，主句的谓语should wouldmightcould + have 过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。 If she hadnt called me, I would have overslept this morning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。 3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were)； should动词
5、原形；were to动词原形，主句用shouldwouldmightcould +动词原形。 如：If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。 If it should fail, I would try again. 要是失败了，我会再试一次。二、连词if的省略如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。Had you not helped me，I sho
6、uld have failed. 要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely. 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。三、情态动词have done的用法 1.“could have done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来可以能够做某事而没有做”。 1）He could have passed the exam, but he was too car
7、eless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 2）We could have solved the problem in a more reasonable fashion. 这个问题我们本来是可以更合理得解决的。3）He could have told her, but he did not choose to.他本来可以告诉她的，但他不愿这样做。2. “may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测，might的语气比may弱一点。这种结构主要用于和，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，疑问句改用can或could。1）What has
8、 happened to George? I dont know. He may have got lost. 2） They may not have known it beforehand. 3） He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. 4） She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. （5） You might have read about it in the papers. 3. “would +
9、 have + done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。 1）I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。2）Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。3）The victim would have a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.4）hav
10、ethethings 4. “should + have + done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做”。“shouldnt + have + done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 1）Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。2）Look, Tom is crying. I shouldnt have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。3）You shouldnt
11、 /oughtnt to have come here alone at such a late hour.你这么晚的时候本不一该一个人来这里的。（实际是一个人来的）4）You should have come here ten minutes earlier. 你本应该早分钟来才是。5. “ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。 1）I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。2）You ought not to have gi
12、ven him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。6. “neednt + have + done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。 1）I neednt have bought so much wineonly five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。2）I neednt have borrowed the money yesterday.昨天我根本不需要借钱的。（实际上已经借了）四、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 （1）宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，其谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的虚拟语气，作为suggest，req
13、uest，demand，propose，advise，insist，require，order，command等动词的宾语。 The doctor suggested that he not go there医生建议他不要去那里。He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告还押。 （2）wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；be动词统统都用
14、wereI wish I knew everything in the world.I wish that the experiment were a success. I wish it were true表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用 “had +过去分词”或“couldwouldmight+have+过去分词”How she wished his family had gone with him？ I wish you had called yesterdayWe wish you had come to our New Years party. 我们真希望你来参加了新年联欢会。 Sh
15、e wished she had stayed at home. 她后悔的是她当时要是留在家里就好了。 I wish that I could have gone with you last night. 表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)动词原形。I wish you would stay a little longer. 我希望你再待一会儿。you wouldnt smoke any more. 我希望你不再抽烟了。I wish that he could try again. I wish that someday I should live on the
16、 moon. 五、虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用名词suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等作主语，其后的表语从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气，用should +动词原形或省略should。My suggestion is that we (should) send a few soldiers to help them.我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。My advice is that you (should) treat her well. 我的忠告是你应该善待她。He makes the demand that she (should) leav
17、e the place at once.他提出一个要求，要求她立刻离开这个地方。My suggestion is that we should tell him.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。注意：虚拟语气也可以用于同位语从句。如：There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.六、虚拟语气在固定语句型中的应用常用在It is time (that)句型中，定语从句常用虚拟过去式 It is time the children went to bed. 孩子们早该上床睡觉了。（表示催促）Its high time that he began to think how to deal with money. 他早该开始考虑如何与钱打交道。专心-专注-专业