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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上句子重音和语调规则回顾英语句子听起来之所以忽轻忽重,忽快忽慢,忽升忽降,富有节奏感,主要是因为句子重音和语调的重要调节作用。 一、 句子重音 在句子重音中,单词重音是认识和掌握句子重音的基础。单词一旦置于句子里,在语流中并不是所有的单词都像单独读音时读得那么响亮,只有其中部分词重读,部分词不重读。如:It was too expensive for me to buy. 这个句子中只有三个词重读。另外,句子中要重读的词若为双音节或多音节词,重音一般就落在该词的重读音节上,像前句中的expensive就属这种情况。 句子中要重读的词通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、
2、感叹词,不重读的词一般是代词、介词、冠词、连词。如:We see him at the office every day. 但代词中的指示代词、名词性物主代词、起强调作用的反身代词又往往要重读。 句子重音往往有一般中存在特殊的现象,判断一个句子中哪些词要重读,哪些词不重读,必须在把握一般性原则的前提下,还要注意抓住关键性原则、新信息原则等。如: -I think the baby in the photo is your brother. -No. Its me. 答句中的me一般不重读,但在这里,me是相对上句中brother而言的关键性信息词,故要重读。 二、 语调 英语的语调有升调和降调
3、两种。一般说来,陈述句、特殊疑问句、祈使句、感叹句等用降调;一般疑问句通常用升调;选择疑问句前升后降;反意疑问句如表示情况不明,要求对方作出回答,则前降后升;若表示说话人已掌握情况,不要求对方回答,则用降调。如何掌握句子重音的规律?判别句子重音是正确朗读英语句子的关键之一。应遵循的基本原则如下:一、一般性原则在通常情况下,“实强虚弱”, ”,即在一个英语句子中实词(notional words/content words)一般重读,虚词(form words/functionwords)一般弱读。实义词即表达明确概念的词通常重读。根据这一原则,应该重读的词为:名词代词指示代词、反身代词、不定代
4、词、名词性物主代词形容词副词数词介词多音节介词动词实义动词、be在句首、助动词或情态动词在句首、或与not构成缩写形式Who did you go to the cinema with?I went there with my younger brotherAwent,with BI,thereCwith,brother Dyou nger,brother答案是D。因为A、B、C中均有不属于重读范围的词。二、新信息原则在答语或语段中,再次出现的不含有新信息的实义词,通常不重读。表示新信息的词要重读。How many students are there in the classroom?The
5、re are fifty students in the classroom三、强化性原则有时,为了强调某词,无论是实词还是虚词,均须重读。What does he like best?He likes to play basket-ball best, like her四、对比性原则有些词,虽不属重读范围,但是讲话者在答话时却特别强调,想与问句中的某中心词形成强烈的比照,这些词亦应重读。Is he in the classroom?No,he is outside the classroom2)句子重音A) 英语的节奏:(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻)或重-轻-(轻)(轻)重 B) 英语句子的长短
6、:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的,而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。 C) 实词重读(副词重读),虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词beD) 实词不重读的特殊情况a) 实词第二次出现 He thinks of that as a child thinks. He thinks of that as a child thinks. b)一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I met her in the railway station. I met her in the railway station. c代替词 Whi
7、ch book do you want? The small one. Which book do you want? The small one. d)感叹词中的 what 和how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!she is! e) stree在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street. f)this在这些短语中,this morning/afternoon/eveningE)虚词重读的特殊情况a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a do
8、ctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can.Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I d”t like you. He isn”t a worker.t a worker.b) 情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.They may come this evening. Can
9、 it be five already? He must be in the room. c介词在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with. d引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish, I”ll visit you. When he comes, I”ll tell him.ll tell him. 反身代词表示强调。He couldn”t come himself. 专心-专注-专业