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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上过去分词作定语、表语、宾补和状语一、 考点、热点回顾过去分词构成规则1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried , (4)、重读闭音节结尾
2、，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不规则动词，见课本P104。 过去分词作定语定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。作定语的过去分词这叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；a broken heart 一颗破碎的心 spoken English 英语口语the risen sun 已经升起的太阳
3、 fried chips 炸土豆条a lost child 丢失的孩子 cooked food 熟食eg：My parents are both retired teachers. 我的父母都是退休教师。 过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。a novel written by Luxun a school built for orphanspeople addicted to drugs the advice given to the patienteg：Everybody attended the meeting held last week. 所有人都参加了上周举行的会议
4、。 过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不定代词时，也要放在这些词后面。eg:He is one of those invited. Nothing reported in the newspaper interested him.过去分词和现在分词在做定语时的区别：过去分词表示被动或完成；现在分词表示主动或进行。I.语态上 现在分词: 表示主动的动作 过去分词: 表示被动的动作eg: He is the man swimming in the river just now.He wa
5、s reading a novel written by Charles Dickens.II.时间上 现在分词: 表示正在进行 过去分词: 表示完成eg: the falling leaves the fallen leaves boiling waterboiled waterthe developing countrythe developed country eg:I know the people building the house there.(主动、进行）The house being built over there is a shop. (被动、正在建)The house
6、built over there is a shop.（被动、已建好）The house to be built over there is designed by a famous architect.（被动、将来）练习（用publish的不同形式填空）His book _ last year sells well. His book _ now will be on sale next year.His book _ next year will be his best one.The press(出版社) _ his book is famous in the city. （1）Tsin
7、ghua University, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.Afound Bfounding Cfounded Dto be founded 考查非谓语动词。句意为“建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人士。”Tsinghua University与found之间存在着被动关系， founded过去分词表被动，表动作已完成，故选C。（2）You cannot accept an opinion _ to you unless it is based on facts.Aoffering Bto of
8、fer Chaving offered Doffered D 句意：你不能接受什么观点，除非它以事实为基础。动词offer的逻辑主语就是opinion，opinion和动词offer构成逻辑上的被动关系，表被动，用过去分词。过去分词作表语表语常位于系动词之后，系动词除了be外，还有以下几类：1、感官系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel2、变化系动词：become, get, turn, grow, fall, go, come3、持续系动词：stay, keep, remain4、表象系动词：seem, appear , look5、终止系动词：turn ou
9、t, prove （证明是，结果是）I. 过去分词放在连系动词之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。eg: The door remained locked.He seemed quite delighted at the news.II. 过去分词用作表语时，其动作意味很弱，在功能上接近形容词的用法，被动语态强调的是动作。eg: Be prepared! 大家准备好。（系表结构，强调主语所处的状态） The book was written by a soldier.（被动语态，强调主语所承受的动作）III. 与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示“令人的”，多用来修饰物，过去分词作表语，表示“感到
10、的”，多用来修饰人。eg: surprising surprised exciting excited disappointing disappointed tiring tired amazing amazed boring bored relaxing relaxed pleasing pleasedconfusing confused satisfying satisfied depressing depressed inspiring inspired amusing amused entertaining entertained 练习Please remain _ until the
11、 plane has come to a complete stop.A. to seat B. to be seated C. seating D. seated解析：D。remain 连系动词后过去分词表示保持的状态。女士们先生们，请做好直到飞机完全停下来。过去分词作宾语补足语在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有1个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补，在英语中极为重要。接过去分词（短语）做宾语补足语的四类动词及特殊结构：1.感官动词：feel, see , hear, watch, smell, taste, notice, observ
12、e , find 等+ sth./ sb. +done，表示“看到 / 听到 / 发现 / 感受到某事 / 某人被”。eg：When the manager came back, he found all the difficult problems settled. I often hear the song sung in English when I was abroad. 2表示“希望；要求”等意义的动词，表示“希望/ 要求某事/ 某人被.”：want, should like, would like/love, wish, order等 + sb./ sth. + done。eg：T
13、he manager didnt want such questions discussed at the meeting.The chairman wished those letters typed as soon as possible. 3.使役动词：make, get, have,等+ sth./sb. + done，表示“致使某事/某人被”。eg： I had my tap repaired.(=I asked someone to repair the tap.)I am going to the hospital this afternoon and have my eyes
14、examined.注意:have/get sth. done 结构的三种不同的含义:(1)”请/让/叫别人(为自己做某事)”,强调主语的意志.(2)”受到;遭受”,表示一种经历.eg：She had her house damaged in the storm.(=Something bad had happened to her house.)(3)”使完成某事”,此事可以是别人完成的也可以是自己参与的.eg：She told me she had had her house repaired.(=She told me her house was repaired.)4.特殊结构:with
15、 /without + 名词/代词 + done 结构,分词done 做名词/代词的宾语补足语。eg：Do you know the girl with her hair tied back? They left without a plate untouched.区别：不及物动词的过去分词做宾补时，表示动作的完成，分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前；现在分词作宾补时，表示动作正在进行。eg：When I got home, I found my wallet gone. (gone”丢”的动作已经完成)When I came here, I saw Li Lei reading an Englis
16、h book.练习1. It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of 2. -“Did you have any difficulty in todays homework?”-“No, in fact I found _.” A. it very easy to do B. it very easy done C. very easy for doing D. very easy to do it3. The speaker raised her vo
17、ice but still couldnt make herself _. A. hear B. hearing C. to hear D. heard 4. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams. （重庆2011）A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind点拨 答案为C。keep oneself reminded of . 意为“使某人自己被提醒”。过去分词作状语过去分词在句中作状语时，可表示时间，原因，
18、条件，让步，伴随等。1.时间状语可在过去分词前加上连词when, while, until等来强调时间概念。When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.Dont speak until you are spoken to.2.原因状语Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.Because he was surprised at what happen
19、ed, Tom didnt know what to do.3. 条件状语If we were given more time, we could do it much better.If it is heated to a high temperature, water will change into vapor.4.让步状语Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.Even if Im invited, I wont take part in the par
20、ty.5. 方式、伴随状语The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.The teacher stood there and was surrounded by the students.summary1.过去分词作状语表示_或_的动作,相当一个状语从句。2.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句的主语要保持一致。练习（用see的正确形式填空）_ from the hill, you will find thecitylookslikeabiggarden. _from the hill,
21、 thecitylooks likeabiggarden. _ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. _ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.如果句子的主语和分词是主动关系, 用_，句子的主语和分词是被动关系，用_。1._ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face2. After his j
22、ourney from abroad, Richard Jonnes returned home _.（伴随状语）A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted3. No matter how frequent _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed二、 典型例题2014年非谓语动词高考题汇编
23、1、（2014安徽卷）32While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty. A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote2、（2014北京卷）25. Last night, there were millions of people _ the opening ceremony live on TV. A. watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching3、（2014北京卷）28. There
24、 are still many problems _ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. A. solving B. solved C. being solved D. to be solved4、（2014北京卷）35.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _. A. recognizing B. being recognized C. having recognized D. having been recognized5、（2
25、014大纲卷）23. Toady there are more airplanes _ more people than ever before in the skies. A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying6、（2014福建卷）27. the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend7
26、、（2014福建卷）30. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_. A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected8、（2014湖南卷）23._your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
27、 A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood9、（2014湖南卷）27. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _at the night sky. A. to stare B. staring C. stared D. having stared10、（2014湖南卷）35. ourselves from the physical and mental t
28、ensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness. A. Having freed B. Freed C. To free D. Freeing11、（2014江苏卷）29. His lecture_, a lively question-and-answer session followed. A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given12、（2014江苏卷）35. ! Somebody has left the lab door open. D
29、ont look at me. A. Dear me B. Hi, there C. Thank goodness D. Come on13、（2014江西卷）31. _nearly all our money , we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel . A. Having spent B. To spent C. Spent D. To have spent14、（2014江西卷）34.He is thought _foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job .
30、 A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted15、（2014山东卷）6. There is a note pinned to the door_ when the shop will open again. A. saying B. says C. said D. having said16、（2014山东卷）9. Its standard practice for a company like this one_ a security officer. A. employed B. being employed C. to emp
31、loy D. employs17、（2014陕西卷）12. Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _ for a swim? A. to go B. going C go D. having gone18、（2014陕西卷）20. _ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. A. Working out B. Worked out C. To work out D. Work out19、（2014四川卷）5. The manager wa
32、s satisfied to see many new products _ after great effort. A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. develop20、（2014四川卷）7. I hope to take the computer course. Good idea. _ more about it, visit this website. A. To find out B. Finding out C. To be finding out D. Having found out21、（2014天津卷）5.
33、Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _ it didnt fit. A. to find B. found C. finding D. having foundHe ran to the station quickly only to find the train had gone . only to结果（却），不料He died， only leaving nothing but debt. only doing他死了，结果只留下一身债。预料之中的结果。【举一反三】George retu
34、rned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 22、（2014天津卷）7. Clearly and thoughtfully_, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. A. writing B. to write C. written D. being written23、（2014浙江卷 ）14. Annie Salmon
35、, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _ to guard her. A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed24、（2014重庆卷 ）5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _ to our shop for quality problems. A.turning B. returned C. to turn D. to be returned25、（2014
36、重庆卷 ）11.Group activities will be organized after class _ children develop team spirit. A. helping B. having helped C. helped D. to help三、课后练习I. 单项选择1. _ the house on fire, he dialed 119. A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen 2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many ti
37、mes I have to come here and get my false teeth _. A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix3. Were _ to listen to her _ voice. Its _to hear her sing. A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasureC. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure4. _a post office, I stopped_
38、 some stamps.A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy5. _with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Having compared6. Here are some new computer programs _for home buildings. A. designi
39、ng B. design C. designed D. to design7. _a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved8. The teacher came into the classroom _by his students. A. following B. to be following C. followed D. having followed9. With the money _, he coul
40、dnt buy any ticket. A. to lose B. losing C. lost D. has lost10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldnt make himself _. A. being heard B. hearing C. heard D. hear11. The result of the test was rather _. A. disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointed D. disappoint 12. Ive
41、 never heard the word _in spoken English. A. use B. used C. using D. being used13. _how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known 14. Deeply _, I thanked her again and again. A. being moving B. moved C. moving D. to be moved 15.
42、With winter _on, its time to buy warm clothes. A. came B. comes C. come D. coming 16. _the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building. A. Having shown B. Showing C. Has shown D. Having been shown 17. He went from door to door, _waste papers and magazines. A. gathering B. gathered C. gather D. being gathered18. The student corrected his paper carefully, _the professors suggestions. A. follow B. fo