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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上简便运算1.加法交换律:两数相加,交换加数的位置,它们的和不变。即两个加数交换位置和不变。 用字母表示:a+b=b+a2.加法结合律:三个数相加,先把前两个数相加,再加第三个数;或者先把后两个数相加,再加第一个数,它们的和不变。用字母来表示:(a+b)+c=a+(b+c)3.总结:加法交换律中加数的位置改变了,但不需要加括号;加法结合律中加数的位置没有变,但是运算顺序改变了,先算的我们要加上括号。它们都与加法有关,其中加数不变,但减法就不一定成立。4. 乘法交换律:交换两个因数的位置,积不变。用字母表示:ab=ba乘法结合律:先乘前两个数,或者先乘后两个数,积不变。用
2、字母表示:(ab)ca(bc)5.乘法分配律:两个数的和与一个数相乘,可以先把它们与这个数分别相乘,再相加。用字母表示: a(bc)abac知识点一加法交换律例题1 357288143 练习1 158395142 知识点二加法结合律例题2 1697822 练习1 58394261 练习2 13829362107 知识点三乘法交换律例题3 125(124) 练习1 25174知识点四乘法结合律例题4 421258 练习1 38254 练习2 25174知识点五乘法分配律例题5 (804)25 练习1 (204)25练习2 15(203)基础演练(25125)(84) 4945 3812583 (
3、12525)4 5 2892 (12512)8 12564 12588 4425 357288143 158395105 16728933 37852773 巩固提高(1)75 45 + 17 25 (2) + 49997 + 3998 + 407 + 89 (3)(48 75 81)(24 25 27) (4)137425(5)5600 (25 7) (6)210 42 6 1)67 21 18 21 + 85 79 2)321 81 + 321 193) 4) 5)56000 (14000 16) 6) + 90909 _382938 7529975 6419964 125 (17 8)
4、4 375 480 + 6250 48 25 16 125 13 99 75000 125 15 7900 4 25 参考答案知识点一加法交换律例题1 357288143 =357+143+288 =500+288 =788练习1 158395142 =158+142+395 =300+395 =695知识点二加法结合律例题2 1697822 =169+(78+22) =169+100 =269练习1 58394261 =(58+42)+(39+61) =100+100 =200练习2 13829362107 =(138+62)+(293+107) =200+400 =600知识点三乘法交换律
5、例题3 125(124) =12548 =12586 =10006 =6000 练习1 25174 =25417 =10017 =1700知识点四乘法结合律例题4 421258 =42(1258) =421000 =4200练习1 38254 =38(254) =38100 =3800练习2 25174 =25417 =10017 =1700知识点五乘法分配律例题5 (804)25 =8025+425 =2000+100 =2100练习1 (204)25=2025425 =500100=600练习2 15(203)=1520153 =30045=345基础演练(25125)(84) 4945
6、3812583 =(1258)(254) = 49(45) =383(1258)=1000100 =4920 =1141000=10000 =980 = (12525)4 5 2892 (12512)8 =125 (254) =289(52) =125812=125100 =28910 =100012=12500 =2890 =12000 12564 12588 4425 =12588 =125811 =11425 =10008 =100011 =11100=8000 =11000 =1100357288143 158395105 16728933 =357+143+288 =158+(395
7、+105) =167+33+289=500+288 =158+500 =200+289=788 =658 =48937852773 1697822 58394261 13829362107=378+(527+73) =169(7822) =(5842)(3961) =(13862)(293107)=378+600 =169100 =100+100 =200+400=978 =269 =200 =600巩固提高(1)75 45 + 17 25 (2) + 49997 + 3998 + 407 + 89 =25345+1725 =+50000+4000432+407+89=25(135+17) =
8、65400+487=25152 =65887 =25438=3800(3)(48 75 81)(24 25 27) (4)13700425=482475258127 =13700(425)=233 =13700100=18 =137(5)5600 (25 7) (6)210 42 6 =56100257 =210766=56710025 =30 =32 1)67 21 18 21 + 85 79 2)321 81 + 321 19=21(67+18)+8579 =321(81+19) =2185+8579 =32100=85(21+79)=85003) 4) =(1) =0 =(1) =8 =
9、0 =95)56000 (14000 16) 6) + 90909 =560001400016 = =416 =(1) =64 =0 =9382938 7529975 6419964 =3829381 =75299751 =64199641 =38(291) =75(2991) =64(1991) =3830 =75300 =64200 =1140 =22500 =12800 125 (17 8) 4 375 480 + 6250 48 = 1258417 =480(375625)=100068 =68000 25 16 125 13 99 =2528125 =13(1001) =50000 =130013 =1287 75000 125 15 7900 4 25=75100012515 =7900(425)=75151000125 =79专心-专注-专业