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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上副词的用法一、副词及其基本用法副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。副词的句法功能1、用作状语专心-专注-专业Look at the photo carefully. 仔细看看这张照片。Youre driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。2、用作表语The meeting is over. 会议结束了。Is anyone upstairs? 楼上有人吗?Is the radio on or off? 收音机是开着的还是关着的?【注】在通常情况下,用作表语时不用副词而用形容词。如可说The woman is beautiful. 而不说 The w
2、oman is beautifully.可说The cloth feels soft. 不能说 The cloth feels softly. 英语中用作表语的副词主要是表地点的副词以及某些与介词同形的副词,而且只能用于连系动词be 英语中用作表语的副词主要是表地点的副词以及某些与介词同形的副词,而且只能用于连系动词后作表语,而不用于其他连系动词后作表语,如可说He is here 或 He is abroad,但不能说He seems here 或 He seems abroad。3、用作宾语Its hot in here. 这里面很热。Its not far from here. 从这儿去
3、不远。Ill stay at home tonight. 今晚我将呆在家里。【注】副词用作宾语的用法十分有限,通常只用作介词宾语,并且只限于某些表示时间和地点的副词,而且不同的副词有不同的搭配特点,如 here和there 可与along, around, down, from, in, near, round, up 等介词连用,但通常不与介词to连用,如不说come to here, go to there 等(注:from here to there是例外),而表地点的副词abroad 则只与介词from连用,不与其他介词连用。4、用作宾语补足语1) Ask him in, please
4、. 请叫他进来。2) We must try to help him through. 我们必须设法帮他渡过难关。3) Sorry to have kept you up so late. 对不起,让你这么晚不能睡觉。【注】一般说来,能用作表语的副词都可用作宾语补足语:He went to see her but found that she was out. 他去看她,但发现她不在家。He went to see her but found her out. 他去看她,但发现她不在家。5、用作定语1) The people there were very friendly. 那儿的人很友好。
5、2) Do you know the people downstairs? 你认识楼下的人吗?3) The shops around are very cheap. 附近商店的东西很便宜。【注】在通常情况下,副词用作定语总是放在被修饰名词之后,若置于修饰名词之前,则通常被视为形容词,如the upstairs room和the room upstairs 都表示“楼上的房间”,但前者的upstairs 前置,为形容词;后者的upstairs后置,为副词;又如the above passage 和the passage above都可表示“上面的段落”,但前者的above 前置,为形容词;后者的
6、above后置,为副词。二、副词的构词法大部分副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成的。1) Sheisaquickworker.(形容词)她是个灵巧的工人。i. Sheworksquickly.(副词)她工作灵巧。2) Iusedtobeacarefuldriver.(形容词)我曾经是个小心谨慎的司机。3) Iusedtodrivecarefully.(副词)我曾经开车小心谨慎。4) Youneednthavegivenafullexplanation.(形容词)你本来不必作详细的解释。5) Youneednthaveexplainedthewholethingsfully.(副词)你本来不必详细地
7、解释整个事情。【注意】1. 有一部分以ly结尾的形容词,而不是副词。例如:lively,motherly,fatherly,silly,womanly等。但是用它们可以构成短语。例如:Althoughsheisourteacher,shealwaystreatsusallinamotherlymanner.虽然她是我们的老师,但是她总是慈母般地对待我们大家。2. 在某些介词或地点名词加后缀wards构成,表示“向”。例如:backward(s)向后forward(s)向前,前进upward(s)向上downward(s)向下southward(s)向南northward(s)向北inward向
8、内,向中心outward向外三、副词的种类(TheClassificationofAdverbs)根据副词的本身意思,可以把副词分为八种:1、方式副词(AdverbsofManner):表示“怎样做”的副词叫作方式副词。例如:Letsgotothecinematogether.让我们一起去看电影。Wewillfinishthistaskeasily.我们将很容易地完成此任务。Mylittlebrotherbehavedbadly.我的小弟弟行为不好。常用的方式副词有:anyhow无论如何 actively积极地 slowly慢地 gravely勇敢地 immediately立刻,马上final
9、ly最后地boldly勇敢地 calmly冷静地late迟early早carefully小心地distinctly清楚地quickly迅速地quietly安静地willingly乐意地suddenly突然地simply简单地wrongly错误地beautifully漂亮地intentionally有意地truly真正地equally平等地2、地点副词(AdverbsofPlace):说明动作在什么地方发生的副词。1) Pleasestandthere.请你站那边。2) Wehavelookedeverywhereforourmissingschoolbags.我们到处都找过我们的书包了。3)
10、Whathashappenedtohim?Hehasbeenpacingtoandfroforaboutthreehours.4) 他怎么了?他踱来踱去已经有大约三个小时了。5) YesterdayIwentnowhere.昨天我什么地方也没有去。常用的地点副词有:across越过 above在上面 here这里 there那里 abroad海外,国外 inland到(在)内地 anywhere无论那里 nowhere那里也不 elsewhere往别处 somewhere某地 below在下方everywhere处处 upstairs在楼上downstairs在楼下 along沿着 over在
11、上,向上 in在内,往内 out向外,在外apart分开 ashore在岸上 away离开 back向后 near差不多 up在上,向上3、时间副词(AdverbsofTime):表示动作是什么时候发生的副词。1) Shegotupsoearlythatshecouldcatchthefirstbus. 为了赶上头班车她起得很早。2) Whatwearegoingtodonexthasntbeendecided. 我们下一步做什么还没有决定。3) Hehasntcomeyet.他还没有来。4) Ihavereadtenbooksrecently.最近我看了十本书。常见的时间副词有:ago以前a
12、fter以后 today今天yesterday昨天 tomorrow明天 tonight今夜 nowadays现今lately最近recently最近 soon不久以后 immediately立刻 presently目前 shortly立刻afterward以后 already已经 yet已经 still仍旧 long长久 before以前 now现在在时间副词中还包含频度副词:表示不定时间的副词叫频度副词。对频度副词提问用“Howoften”。频度副词应放在行为动词之前或者连系动词之后。1) 例如:Shesometimescomestoschoollate.有时她上学迟到。2) Neverh
13、aveIseenthisfilm.我从来没有看过这部电影。3) Heisseldomlateforthemeeting.开会她很少迟到4) Ihardlyeverseeher;sheisscarcelyeveratwork.我现在难得见到她,她简直都不上班。IfyoueverseeTom,pleaseletmeknow.如果你见到汤姆,请通知我。常见的频度副词有:often常常 always永远,总是 sometimes有时 usually平常 seldom很少 never从不 ever在任何时候 rarely难得,很少 continually不断地 frequently常常 occasion
14、ally偶尔 regularly有规律地 generally通常地 scarcely几乎不 hardlyever几乎从不 scarcelyever简直都不1) 4、程度副词(AdverbsofDegree):程度副词一般用来修饰形容词或者副词。但有的也可以修饰动词。例如: Iamquitesurethatyouareright.我很有把握你是对的。2) Thisnoveliswellworthreading.这本小说很值得一看。3) Myreplypleasedourheadmasterverymuch.我的答复使我们的校长很满意。4) Youhavedoneratherwell.你做得相当好
15、。5) Shewouldratherdiethangiveininthefaceoftheenemy.面对敌人她宁死不屈。(rather修饰动词)6) Theplaywasjustsplendid.这出戏真是太好了。7) Youshouldnothavebeenextremelyrudetoyourfather.你本来就不应该对你父亲极无礼貌。8) Iamdeeplysorrow.我深感遗憾。9) Igotuptoolatetocatchthefirstbus.我起得太晚了,没有赶上第一班公共汽车。常用的程度副词有:(包括了强调副词)as同样,一样 altogether完全,总共 almost
16、几乎,差不多 all完全 absolutely绝对地 completely完全地 deeply深深地 distinctly显然地 enormously巨大地 entirely完全地 exceedingly非常 equally平等地 exactly确切地 extremely极为 just刚刚,非常 half一半 much非常,很 partly部分地 perfectly完美地 practically实际上地 rather宁愿,相当 scarcely几乎没有slightly轻微地 thoroughly彻底地 utterly完全地 no毫不,并不5、关系副词(RelativeAdverbs):用来引导
17、定语从句,在从句中作状语。例如:1) ThisistheplacewhereIusedtolive.这就是我曾经住过的地方。2) IdontknowthetimewhentheyleftforCanada.我不知道他们什么时间去加拿大的。3) Ifyoutellmewhenceyoucomefrom,Iwillgiveyousomeusefulinformation.4) 如果你告诉我你从哪儿来,我将给你提供一些有用的消息。5) Thereasonwhyhedidntcometoschoolyesterdaywasthathewasill.昨天他没有来上学的原因是有病了。6) Couldyou
18、tellmewhithermyfatherisgoing?请问我父亲往哪里去了?7) Hedidntunderstandthepoint,whereuponIhadtoexplainfurther.他不理解这一点,因此,我只得进一步作了解释。常用的关系副词有:why的原因 when的时候 where的地方 whither向的地方 whence从的地方 whereupon因此,于是 whereby靠那个 whereupon因此,于是6、连接副词(ConjunctiveAdverbs):在句子中作连接性状语,不但起连接作用而且在从句中作状语,连接名词性从句或者状语从句。1) 例如:Couldyou
19、tellmewherehehasgone?请问他去哪儿了?2) Iwillgowhereveryoutellmeto.你叫我去那里,我就去那里。3) Howeverhardthetaskmaybe,wemustfulfillitintime.不管任务是多么艰巨,我们必须及时完成它。4) Wheneveryouleave,pleaseletmeknow.无论何时离开,请通知我。5) Theharderyouwork,themoreknowledgeyouwillget.你学习愈努力,你就会获得愈多的知识。常见的连接副词有:where的地方when的时候whence从的地方whither向的地方h
20、owever无论如何whenever无论何时whenever无论何地7、疑问副词(InterrogativeAdverbs):用来提出问题的副词。1) 例如:Wheredidyouputmybook?你把我的书放在哪儿了?2) Howdidyougothere?你是怎样去那儿的?3) Whydidyounotcometoschool?你为什么没有来上学?4) Whereindoesthedifficultylie?困难在什么地方?5) Wherebyshallweknowhim?我们靠什么认出他呢?常用的疑问副词有:Where哪里,何地when何时 How怎么whither为何 Whence从
21、何处,何以 whereabouts在哪里 Whereat在那里,对那个 wherein在哪方面在什么地方 Whereupon在谁身上 whereof关于那事关于那人8、肯定和否定副词(AdverbsofAffirmationandNegation):一般来说,肯定和否定修饰动词、副词或者整个句子。在口语中实际上是被省略的句子。1) 例如:“AreyougoingtoBeijing?” “Yes.”(=Yes,IamgoingtoBeijing.“你要去北京吗?”“是的。”2) “Wereyouherelastnight?” “No.”“(No,Iwasnt here.)”“昨天晚上你在这儿了吗
22、?”“没有,我没有在这儿。”3) “MayIuseyourdictionary?” “Certainly.”(Yes,youmayusemydictionary.)“我可以用你的词典吗?”“当然可以。”4) “Willyoudowhathewants?” “Never.”(Ishallneverdowhathewants.)“你愿意做他让你做的事吗?”“决不。”常用的肯定和否定副词有:No不是的 nay不 Not不 never从不 certainly当然,一定 surely一定 naturally自然 obviously明显 willingly乐意地 surely肯定 decidedly坚决地
23、 indeed确实 evidently明显地absolutely绝对、句子副词:修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法。例如:Luckily,she was at home when I called on her. Surprisingly, she was married to her classmate.常用的句子副词有:(见课本416页)四、副词的位置:(一)一般规律:1)在动词之前。2)在be动词、助动词之后。3)多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。 (二)具体用法副词是英语中用法比较灵活的一类词,主要用来修饰动词、形容词或另一类副词。不同的副词在句子中的位置是不同的。1时间副词(no
24、w,then,recently,soon, just now,right away,etc)可以放在整个句子或从句之前或后,并通常放在句末。其中 then,recently可以放在动词之前;still常放在动词之前或系动词、助动词、情态动词之后;而yet常放于句末,并且句子常用否定形式。例如: Ill then turn to my classmates for help When all the students finished the morning exercise,he was still asleep We havent finished the work yet 2地点副词(he
25、re,there,down,anywhere,everywhere,inside,etc)和方式副词(well,quickly,kindly,etc)常放在宾语之后,或不及物动词之后。其中here,there,up,down等副词与不及物动词go,come,stand,walk, lie等词连用时,副词可置于句首。如句子主语是名词或名词短语时,句子需用完全倒装语序。例如: There stands the tower Down came the rain We looked for the lost wallet here and there,but in vain 3程度副词(very,qu
26、ite,almost,fairly, nearly,just,extremely,hardly,etc)常放在被修饰词之前,但当very修饰动词时,常与 much连用并置于句末。例如: I like her very much With one false movement,he nearly loses the whole game 4频度副词(ever,never,often,always, seldom,sometimes,etc)常放在动词之前,或系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。其中some- times也常置于句首。例如: I have never been to America So
27、metimes he phones me,and sometimes he writes to me 5关于副词only的位置。only可以修饰名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词等,通常放在被修饰词之前。但是,当only放在动词之前时,句子可能有几种含义,这就得靠上下文的意思来正确理解。例如:It was only an coincidenceThey only have coffee in the morning(可以理解为:他们早上只喝咖啡。或:他们只在早上喝咖啡。) 注:(1)当程度副词与频度副词同时在句子中出现时,程度副词通常前置修饰频度副词。例如:He hardly ever leave
28、s his house all the dayThe president of our university is nearly always occupied (2)当时间、地点、程度与方式副词同时在句子中出现时,常把程度副词放在最前面,方式副词放在地点副词之前,时间副词放在最后。但是,句中动词是动态动词(go,come, leave,arrive, etc)时,则常把地点副词放在方式副词之前。例如:They performed pretty well in the city hall last nightShe went home quickly (3)可作定语的副词(如here,ther
29、e,back, ahead,abroad,below,above,yesterday,before, etc)通常放在被修饰名词之后。例如:We will see a beautiful picture about the country in the years aheadThe atmosphere here is seriously polluted (4)大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。Wecouldseeveryclearlyastrangelightaheadofus. (5)方式副词well,badly糟、坏,hard等只放在句尾。Hespeaks
30、Englishwell.五、副词的排列顺序:1)时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。2)方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully. 3)多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意:副词very可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。改错:(错)IverylikeEnglish.(对)IlikeEnglishverymuch.注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。Idontknowhimwellenough.Thereisenoughfoodforeveryonetoeat
31、.Thereisfoodenoughforeveryonetoeat. 六、与形容词同形的副词(AdverbsandAdjectiveswiththeSameForm)有一些形容词和副词是同形的。例如:1) Look!Thatisafasttrain.(fast是形容词。)瞧!那是辆快车。2) Icanrunveryfast.(fast是副词。)我跑得很快。3) Sheisahardworker.(hard是形容词。)他是个勤劳的工人。4) Sheworkshard.(hard是副词。)他工作很努力。5) Pleasegoandfetchacleansheetofpaper.(clean是形容
32、词。)请去给我取一张没有用过的纸。6) Myviewiscleancontrary.(clean是副词。)我的看法完全相反。7) Iwanttobequiteclearonthispoint.(clear是形容词。)在这一点上我希望搞清楚。8) Hespeaksloudandclear.(clear是副词。)他说话响亮清楚。9) Thecarcametoadeadstop.(dead是形容词。)汽车蓦地刹住。10) Onmywayhomehestoppedmedead.(dead是副词。)在回家的路上他突然拦住了我。11) Ihaveenoughfoodtoeat.(enough是形容词。)我
33、有足够吃的。12) Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.(enough是副词。)他已经到了上学的年龄。13) TwoyearsagoIwentonalongjourneywithmyfather.(long是形容词。)两年前,我和父亲作了一次长途旅行。14) Discussionwentlongintothenight.(long副词。)讨论直到深夜。七、具有两种形式的副词(AdverbswithTwoForms)1) clean/cleanly副词clean:径直地,完全地 副词cleanly:干净利落地,清洁地(较少用)I clean forgot about it. Th
34、e bullet went clean through his arm.We defeated the enemy cleanly.My mother swept the room very cleanly.但,She is a cleanly girl. (adj. 爱清洁的,读作/klenli/)2) clear/clearly副词clear:完全地,径直地;隔开,不接触副词 clearly:清楚地,显然地You can see clear to the mountains today.The prisoner got clear away.Standclearofthedoor. 站得离
35、门远些。Thecarranclearofftheroad.HespokesoclearlythatIcouldheareveryword.He is clearly wrong.但,The moon shone clear/ clearly. He spoke clear/clearly.3) close/closely副词close:近副词closely:细心地,严密地等Shesatclosetohermother.(close是副词)她靠近她母亲坐着。Theycameupclosetohim.(close是副词。)他们走到他跟前。The prisoners were closely gua
36、rded.但,It is close to 90 years ago. ( close = almost)4) dead/ deadly副词dead:突然地,完全地(正式语体);非常地,直接地(非正式语体)副词deadly:死一般地,极端地She stopped dead.He was dead tired.The typhoon was dead against us.Her face was deadly pale.The case is deadly serious.但,deadly也能作形容词:死一般的,极度的,致命的,不共戴天的。deadly paleness, deadly ser
37、iousness, a deadly disease/weapon, deadly enemy.5) direct/directly副词direct:直线地,不绕圈子地副词directly:直接地;立即,马上The next flight will go direct to Rome.She answered me very directly.Answer me directly.Lets meet directly after lunch.6) easy/easily副词easy:用在某些固定搭配中副词easily: 容易地,很可能,无疑地Take it easy.(慢慢来,别急。)Go e
38、asy.(别急)Easy come, easy go.(来得易花得快。)Easier said than done.(说来容易做时难。)Stand easy! (稍息!)I can easily finish it today.He is not easily satisfied.That may easily be the case.It is easily the best answer.7) fair/fairly副词fair:光明地;正面地副词fairly:清楚地,公正地,适度地,相当地You must play fair.(你必须光明磊落) hit him fair on the n
39、ose. He told me the facts fairly. We must play the game fairly.Your suggestion is fairly good.8) firm/firmly副词firm:用在固定搭配中副词firmly:坚定地,牢固地Stand firm.Always hold firm to your beliefs.I firmly believe that.Fix the post firmly in the ground.9) high/highly副词high:用于固定搭配中副词highly:高度地aim high(力争上游);hold on
40、es head high(昂首);play high(大赌);search high and low(到处搜寻);run high(浪大);fly high(有雄心壮志)He spoke highly of her.We think highly of him.10) loud/loudly副词loud:通常可用于比较级和最高级副词loudly:表示“大声地”时,与loud通用,但少用于比较级和最高级。Dont talk so loud/loudly.Speak louder please, I cant hear you.Who laughed loudest?11) pretty/pret
41、tily副词pretty:相当地,适当地,非常副词prettily:好看地,动听地,悦耳地She is pretty good.She dances pretty well.Marry dresses prettily.She speaks prettily.12) right/rightly副词right:正好地,直接地,完全地(常位于动词后)副词rightly:正确地,对(常位于动词前)He is right here.Go right home at once.I havent read the book right through.It serves you right.(你活该。)H
42、e rightly guessed that the Rockets won the game. 比较:He guessed right.If I am rightly informed., 比较:If I remembered right.(如果我没有记错的话)13)sharp/sharply 副词sharp:用于钟点后表示“准时” 副词sharply:表示“急剧地,突然地”=sharp We arrived at ten oclock sharp. The round turns very sharp/sharply.14) slow/slowly副词slow:仅用于某些固定搭配中副词sl
43、owly:慢,缓慢地,有时=slow.The workers decided to go slow.(怠工=work slowly)Speak slowly, please.How slowly/slow the time passes!15) sure/surely 副词sure:用于sure enough(确信地) 副词surely:用于 slowly but surely( 稳步地)16)hard/hardly 副词hard:努力地,艰苦地 副词hardly:几乎不He works hard. He hardly does anything nowadays.17) just/justly 副词just:仅仅,只是,刚刚 副词justly:公正地,正当地We have just finished the homework. We must treat every student justly.18) late/lately副词late:迟副词lately:最近,近来They came here late.I often go to the theat