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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上中考英语词法专项讲解-非谓语动词中考研究非谓语动词的用法灵活多变，系统性、综合性较强。中考对非谓语动词的考察主要集中在三方面：1. 动名词和动词不定式作宾语2. 不定式作宾语补足语、状语和定语3. 固定句型和固定词组搭配等知识精讲一、 动词不定式1. 动词不定式的构成动词不定式的基本形式为： to + 动词原形，有时可以不用to, 这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义；动词不定式的否定形式是not + (to) + 动词原形2.动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us. = It is not easy
2、for s to speak English. 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the classroom every day. = To clean the classroom every day is my work.多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转化成主语。宾语-What sports does he like to play -He likes to play basketball只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语宾补She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English
3、 class.在make, let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to定语Have you got anything to say?不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you.I went to the library to study English.不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致(1) 不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在后面，其结构为：It + be + adj. +（for/of sb）+ 动词不定式To learn English well is useful. It
4、 is useful to learn English well.Its important for us to protect the environment.注意: 在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for。(2) 不定式作宾语 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。When these kids are adults, t
5、hey might find it difficult to plan things for themselves. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Why not do , had better (not) do , would rather do, could/would/will you please (not do) Could you please give me some suggestions for vacation spots?(3) 不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。But my mother wants me to drink it.Lucy
6、asked him to turn down the radio.tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。Our teacher asked us to stop what we were doing and listening.注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：feel, hear,let,make,have,see,但这些动词变成被动语态是必须加上to。(4) 不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。In the f
7、uture, humans will have less work to do. 如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。There is nothing to worry about.(5) 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。Im very upset and dont know what to do.(6) 不定式作状语Im sorry to hear that he had a cold last week.二、动名词1.动名词的构成动名词一般由动词原形+-ing2. 动名词的句法功能功
8、能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.谓语动词用单数宾语I like playing basketball very much.表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作Stamps are used for sending letters.表语His hobby is collecting stamps.= Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成主语定语She is in the reading room. =We should improve our teaching methods.
9、只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。Thanks for taking care of my dog.Becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job.My hobby is collecting old coins.注意：英语中有一些动词后面常跟动名词作宾语。常见的有：finish, enjoy, mind, miss, be worth, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem (in), spend, feel like, be used to完成实践值得忙
10、 (finish, practice, be worth, be busy)继续习惯别放弃 (keep on, be used to, give up)考虑建议不禁想 (consider, suggest, cant help, feel like)喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind)三、分词1.分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词基本形式由”动词+-ing”构成；过去分词的基本形式是”动词+-ed”,但也有不规则的形式。2.分词的句法功能功能例句说明定语Do you know the girl standing under the tree?Please hand in
11、your written exercises.现在分词作定语,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。状语The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful. 分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语表语The situation is encouraging.The boy is too frightened to move.现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态补足语Dont keep us
12、 waiting for a long time.I heard him singing in the classroom.Hell have his hair cut after school.现在分词作补足语，体现主动关系，过去分词作补足语，体现被动关系四、容易混淆的几组用法区别1.动词后接不定式和动名词的区别(1) stop to do sth p停止做某事后去做另一件事 They stopped to smoke a cigarette. stop doing sth 停止正在做的这件事 I must stop smoking.(2) forget to do 忘记要做某事(未做) T
13、he light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还亮着，他忘记关了。forget doing忘记做过某事(已做) He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关灯了。(3 ) remember to do 记着要做某事 (未做) Remember to go to the post office after school. remember doing记得做过某事 （已做）Dont you remember seeing the man before?(4) try to do
14、设法或努力去做某事 You must try to be more careful. try doing尝试着去做某事I tried gardening but didnt succeed.(5) regret to对要做的事遗憾 （未做）I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. regret doing对做过的事遗憾，后悔 （已做）I dont regret telling her what I thought.(6) meaning to do打算，想要 I mean to go, but my father would not
15、allow me to.meaning doing 意味着 Doing that means wasting time.(7) go on to do 放下手中的事情，继续去做别的事情 We had supper and went on to watch TV.go on doing 继续做原来的事情 He didnt have a rest and went on working.(8) be afraid to do 不敢去做某事，主观原因不去做，意为“怕”She was afraid to wake her husband up.她不敢去叫醒她的丈夫。be afraid of doing
16、 担心出现所指的状况、结果，意为“生怕”She was afraid of waking her husband.她生怕吵醒她的丈夫。2.动词不定式做宾补和分词作宾补的区别 感官动词后接不定式做宾补时，表示动作的全过程已经结束；后接分词时，表示动作正在进行。I saw him cross the road.我看见他过了马路。 I heard someone enter the room.I saw him crossing the road.我见他正在过马路。 I heard someone singing.3.need,require,want后跟不定式和动名词的区别当上述三个词作“需要”讲
17、时，后加动名词的主动形式，相当于不定式的被动形式The window needs cleaning. = The window needs to be cleaned.4.现在分词和过去分词的区别(1) 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义the surprising news a surprised man a moving film the moved people(2) 在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。the developing country the developed country the rising sun the risen sun5.注意含有介词to的固定短语下面一些词组中的to是介词，后面要加V-ing形式，这种情况一定要和to作不定式符号区别make (a) contribution(s) to为做贡献devote to献身，致力于.look forward to 期待，盼望prefer to 两者之间更喜欢be used to 习惯于，适应专心-专注-专业