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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Chapter 1. Invitations to LinguisticsI. For each question, there are four choices of answers. In some cases, only one choice is correct while in others more than one should be chosen. Choose ALL the correct ones.1. Which of the following are design features of language? A. arbitrariness
2、B. dualityC. interpersonalD. displacement2. By _ we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness. A. arbitrarinessB. creativityC. interpersonalD. displacement3. “I can refer to Confucius even though he died 2,000 years ago.” This shows that language has the design featur
3、e of _. A. arbitrarinessB. creativityC. dualityD. displacement4. Displacement benefits human beings by giving them the power to handle _. A. arbitrariness and creativityB. generalizations and abstractions C. interpersonal relationshipD. performative functions5. Which of the following is NOT a theory
4、 about the origin of language? A. The bow-wow theoryB. The pooh-pooh theory C. The “yo-he-ho” theoryD. The Winnie-the-Pooh theory6. Which of the following theories takes as the origin of language the instinctive sounds of pain, anger and joy? A. The bow-wow theoryB. The pooh-pooh theory C. The “yo-h
5、e-ho” theoryD. The Winnie-the-Pooh theory7. Which of the following statements is true of Jacobsons framework of language functions? A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake. B. The emotive function is to convey message and information. C. The conative function is to cle
6、ar up intentions, words and meanings. D. The phatic function is to establish communion with others.8. Which of the following are among Hallidays theory of functions of language? A. ideationalB. relationalC. interpersonalD. textual9. Using language for the sheer joy shows that language has a _ functi
7、on. A. recreationalB. metalingualC. informative D. performative10. _ studies the internal organization of words. A. PhonologyB. MorphologyC. SemanticsD. Syntax11. _ is concerned with the rules governing the structure, distribution and sequencing of speech sounds. A. PhoneticsB. MorphologyC. Pragmati
8、csD. Phonology12. _ is the study of meaning in context. A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Psycholinguistics13. In the 18th century, all the main European languages were studied _. A. diachronicallyB. synchronicallyC. prescriptivelyD. descriptively14. “Dont end a sentence with a preposit
9、ion.” This is an example of _ rules. A. prescriptiveB. descriptiveC. transformationalD. functional15. The distinction between langue and parole was put forward by _. A. BloomfieldB. de SaussureC. ChomskyD. Halliday16. The distinction between competence and performance was made by _. A. BloomfieldB.
10、de SaussureC. ChomskyD. Hymes17. According to _, the task of a linguist is to determine from the data of performance the underlying system of rules that has been mastered by the language user. A. JacobsonB. BloomfieldC. PikeD. Chomsky18. Which of the following was written by Ferdinand de Saussure? A
11、. A Grammar of Modern GreekB. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax C. Course in General LinguisticsD. The Structure of Shakespeares English19. Which of the following was written by Noam Chomsky? A. A Grammar of Modern GreekB. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax C. Course in General LinguisticsD. The Structur
12、e of Shakespeares English20. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _. A. prescriptive B. analytic C. descriptive D. linguistic 21. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. Duality D
13、. Meaningfulness 22. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _. A. primary B. correct C. secondary D. stable 23. A historical study of language is a _ study of language. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. comparative 24. Saussure took a (n)_ view of language, while Chomsky loo
14、ks at language from a _ point of view. A. sociologicalpsychological B. psychologicalsociological C. applied pragmatic D. semantic and linguistic 25. According to F. de Saussure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. A. parole B. performance C. la
15、ngue D. Language 26. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _ and meanings. A. sense B. sounds C. objects D. ideas 27. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called_, A. displacement B.
16、duality C. flexibility D. cultural transmissionII. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given: 1. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal users k_ of the rules of his language. 2. Langue refers to the a_ linguistic system shared by all the members of a sp
17、eech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules. 3. D_ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaning
18、ful units. 4. Language is a system of a_ vocal symbols used for human communication. 5. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s_. 6. Human capacity for language has a g _ basis, but the details of language have to be
19、taught and learned. 7. P _ refers to the realization of langue in actual use. 8. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a_ linguistics.9. Language is p_ in that it makes possible the const
20、ruction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.10. Linguistics is generally defined as the s _ study of language.II. Decide whether the following statements are true or
21、 false.1. Language is unique to humans so when we say “bird language” we are using the word metaphorically.2. Language is conventional.3. Arbitrariness means you can use language in any way you like.4. Bloomfield defined the six primary factors of any speech event as: speaker, addressee, context, me
22、ssage, code, contact.5. The metalingual function of language means that the human language can be used to talk about itself.6. If you repeat a sound, say p, ten times, each time it may be slightly different.7. Latin has fewer morphological changes than English.8. Historical linguistics is a synchron
23、ic study of language.9. Computational linguists are interested in the history and structure of formerly unwritten languages.10. The concept of “communicative competence” was suggested by Dell Hymes.11. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.12. Linguistics studies parti
24、cular language, not languages in general.13. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks. 14. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 15. Morphology studies how words can be formed to
25、produce meaningful sentences. 16. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology. 17. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences. 18. The
26、 study of meaning in language is known as semantics. 19. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings. 20. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context. 21. Social changes can often bring about language changes. 22. Sociolinguistics is th
27、e study of language in relation to society. 23. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. 24. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.25. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. 26. Modern linguistics regards t
28、he written language as primary, not the spoken language. 27. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.III. Choose Four of the following questions and answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible. Give examples for illustration if necessary:1.
29、 What are the design features of human language? Illustrate them with examples. 2. Why do people take duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature?3. How do you understand the distinction between a synchroni
30、c study and a diachronic study? 4. Why does modern linguistics regard the spoken form of language as primary, not the written? 5. What are the major distinctions between langue and parole?6. How do you understand competence and performance ?7. Saussures distinction between langue and parole seems similar to Chomskys distinction between competence and performance. What do you think are their major differences?8. Do you think human language is entirely arbitrary? Why?9. Why is it difficult to define language? 10. 如何理解鹦鹉能言，不离于禽；猩猩能言，不离于兽？ 专心-专注-专业