中考英语语法专题教案---名词(共12页).doc

上传人:飞****2 文档编号:13834601 上传时间:2022-05-01 格式:DOC 页数:12 大小:79KB
返回 下载 相关 举报
中考英语语法专题教案---名词(共12页).doc_第1页
第1页 / 共12页
中考英语语法专题教案---名词(共12页).doc_第2页
第2页 / 共12页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

《中考英语语法专题教案---名词(共12页).doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《中考英语语法专题教案---名词(共12页).doc(12页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专题一名词一、名词的数名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类。大多数名词为可数名词,有单复数之分;而不可数名词则没有复数形式。可数名词的复数有两种变化。1、规则变化变化例词一般情况下在词尾直接加sruler rulers ;park parks以s、x、sh、ch 结尾的,在词尾加esbus buses ;box boxes ;watch 以f、fe 结尾的,把 f、fe 变成v,再加esthief thieves ;wife 以辅音字母加y 结尾的,变 y 为 i,再加esfamily families ;factory 以字母o 结尾的,有时加s,有时加esphoto

2、 photos ;hero heroes() 巧记以 f、fe 结尾, 把f、fe 变成v, 再加es 的词:半片(half)树叶(leaf)自己(self)黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf),架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。()巧记以 o 结尾后加es 的词:黑人( Negro) 英雄( hero) 爱吃土豆( potato) 和西红柿(tomato)。()巧记以 o 结尾后加s 的词:广播(radio) 录像(video) 动物园(zoo),钢琴(piano) 袋鼠(kangaroo)照相片(photo)。、不规则变化有些名词变复数时属于不规则

3、变化,这种变化主要是通过改变单词中的某个字母或在词尾加后缀构成的。oo eefoot feet ;tooth ;goose geesea eman men ;woman women ; policeman ;Frenchwoman Frenchwomen词尾加 renchild children特殊变化mouse mice不变化sheep;deer;Japanese;Chinese;people巧记单复数形式相同的名词:人( people) 在中国( Chinese)、日本( Japanese) 和瑞士(Swiss)喜爱绵羊(sheep)、鹿(deer)和鱼(fish)。、常以复数形式出现的名

4、词pants(裤子) glasses(眼镜) clothes(衣服)trousers(裤子) shoes(鞋) socks(袜子)stockings(长筒袜) jeans(牛仔) shorts(短裤)scissors(剪刀) chopsticks(筷子) goods(货物)这些名词在句中作复数使用,其作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,如:The shoes under the bed are mine. 在床底下的鞋是我的。、集体名词集体名词表示同一类人或事物的许多个体的总称。如果作为集体来看,谓语动词用单数;若指每一个成员,谓语动词用复数。这类词有: family (家), people (人),

5、 police (警察), class(班),team(队),group(小组)。如:The class has a map of the world on the wall. 这个班墙上有一幅世界地图。The class are playing football on the playground. 这个班正在操场上踢足球。二、不可数名词及其量的表示法、不可数名词的类别表示物质名词和抽象名词的有:物质名词:食品meat,fish,pork,rice,bread饮料water,orange,coffee,tea自然物质wood,sand,air,soil抽象名词:情感friendship,jo

6、y,happiness,love,peace学科maths,physics,chemistry,history概念knowledge,population、不可数名词的使用如果要表达出不可数名词具体的量,可用“计量词 不可数名词”来表示;若要表达复数概念,只需把计量词变成复数即可。例如: a piece of news 一则消息 ; two pieces of news 两则消息;a glass of water 一杯水 ; two glasses of water 两杯水三、名词的所有格名词的所有格表示人或物的所有关系,有以下几种形式:、表示有生命的人或动物的名词所有格()在单数名词后加“s

7、”构成; computer 我父亲的电脑the boys desk 这个男孩的课桌()在以“s”结尾的复数名词之后只加“”Teachers Day 教师节 ; the students books 学生用书注意:表示几个人共有某物时,只需在最后一个人名后加“s”;表示各自所有时,则需要在每个人名后都加“s”;Tom and Jacks room 汤姆和杰克的房间(两个人共有)Toms and Jacks books 汤姆的书和杰克的书在表示某某家“店铺”、“诊所”的名词所有格后面,一般省去被修饰的表示地点的名词;at his brothers 在他弟弟家 at the doctors 在诊所里

8、、表示无生命的东西的名词所有格,通常是由“of 名词”构成the map of China 中国地图the football team of our school 我们学校的足球队、表示时间、距离、城市、团体等无生命的名词,也可以在词尾加“s”构成所有格todays homework 今天的作业Chinas population 中国人口、双重所有格英语中名词所有格有时可以在前面加 of 构成短语,这种结构称为双重所有格。双重所有格有两种形式:of 名词所有格a friend of my 我哥哥的一位朋友 of 名词性物主代词a dictionary of mine 我的一部词典【易错点】、i

9、nformation,message,news()information 作“信息”解,通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书;信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等,它侧重内容,是不可数名词,如:They must find out some information about planes to Kunming as quickly as possible.他们必须尽快查到有关飞往昆明班机的信息。()news 作“新闻”解,一般指通过广播、电视、报纸等新闻;媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的最新消息,它侧重一个“新”字,是不可数名词,如:Theres a piece of interesting news

10、in todays newspaper. 在今天的报纸上有一条有趣的消息。No news is good news. 没消息就是好消息。()message 作“音信”解,一般指口头传递的或书写的“消息”,是可数名词,如:She often sends messages to me with her mobile phone. 她经常给我发手机短信。、noise, voice, sound()sound “声音”,为最常用词,指可以听到的任何声音,强的,弱的,令人愉快的或不愉快的,有意义的或无意义的。如:I was reading last night, when suddenly I hear

11、d a sound in the next room.昨晚我正看书时,突然听到隔壁房间有声音。()noise 常指太响或人们不愿听到的声音,“嘈杂声、喧闹声”,如:The boys made too much noise. 孩子们太吵闹了。()voice 指“说话声”“唱歌声”“嗓音”如:That sounds like Marys voice. 那声音听起来好像玛丽的声音。、family, house, home, room()family 的意思是“家庭、家庭成员”,与居住的房子无关。当family 作为整体概念的“家庭”讲时是单数;当“家庭成员”讲时是复数。如:Mr. Greens fa

12、mily is very large. 格林先生家里的人很多。()house 指“家”时含义较窄,仅指“房屋”这一建筑物,一般指独门独户的房子,不指楼房。如:There are many new houses in our village. 我们村里有很多新房子。()home 指“家、住所”,指一个人(或一家人)居住的地方,也可指一个人出生或长大的地方(乡村、城市或国家等)。它具有house 所没有的感情色彩(如“团聚”、“思念”等)。如:The American friends are leaving Beijing for home tomorrow. 明天美国朋友要离开北京回国了。Eas

13、t or west, home is best. 金窝银窝不如自己的草窝。()room 除作可数名词用表示“房间”外,还可用作不可数名词,指“空间;地方;余地”。例如:There is only standing room in the bus. 公共汽车上只有站的地方了。、place, room, area, space()place 表示一个具体地点。如:We will meet up at the place where we met last Friday. 我们在上周五见面的地方见面。()room 当表示地方的时候呢,通常在这样的情况下用,表示容得下容不下的意思。如:There is

14、 no room for her. 这没她的地方。()area 表示一片区域。如: Tibet area 藏区()space 表示地方的时候通常表实意。如:We could put bags at that space. 我们可以把包放在那个空地。、做题时要弄清句子中的单数名词、复数名词和不可数名词在概念上的区别。【例1】There are some _ on the floor. A. milk B. child C. boxes【解析】考查名词在语境中的辨析。there are 后应接可数名词复数,milk 是不可数名词,应排除;child 是可数名词单数,也应排除。故应选C。【答案】C【

15、例2】I saw some _ and _ dancing in the street the day before yesterday. A. Germen ;EnglishmenB. Germans ;EnglishmansC. Germans ;Englishmen【解析】考查名词复数形式。句意:前天我看到一些德国人和英国人在街上跳舞。复数形式:德国人:Germans;英国人:Englishmen,所以选择答案C。【答案】C、在平时学习中注意把握语境,把语言放在真实的语境中学习,注重词意的辨析和一词多义。()语境辨析很多单项选择填空题是通过创造某种语言环境,把词法、句法、惯用法、交际用语

16、、词语辨析等各种内容融入其中。做题时一定要全面捕捉题干信息,抓住上下文语境,领会句子的真正含义,然后对各个选项进行比较筛选,从中确定最佳答案。例如:【例3】Excuse me, havent you learned the new _ law? Everyone in a car must wear the seatbelt.Sorry, we wont do that again. A. food B. trafficC. medicine D. education【解析】考查名词在语境中的辨析。由根据后一句在车里的每个人必须系安全带,可推测句意“打扰了,难道你没有学习新的交通法规吗?”【答

17、案】B()词意辨析做此类单项填空题要认真比较,仔细推敲,关键在于准确把握词意。例如:【例1】Someone called you just now. I know. But I was busy at that moment. When I called back, there was no _ . A. voice B. soundC. answer D. result【解析】考查名词在语境中的辨析。句意:刚才有人给你打电话。我知道。但是当时我正忙着。当我回拨的时候,没人接了。选C,answer 回答,在此意为接电话。其他的voice 说话声;sound 声音;result 结果,都不符合题

18、意。【答案】C【例2】Where is Thomas? He left a _ . A. information B. message C. news【解析】考查名词单复数。冠词a 提示空格处用可数名词。三个答案中只有message 是可数名词。【答案】B中考真题演练、I will buy you a new bike if you learn how to swim this summer.Is that a _ ? Im sure Ill get the bike. A. chance B. promiseC. trick D. treat、Thank you for your _ . I

19、 know a lot about Oxfam Trailwalker now. A. attention B. operationC. invention D. information、Its a wise _ to wear the white tie. It matches your shirt well. Thank you very much. A. choice B. supportC. mixture D. honour、Shall we go _ on Sunday? I love water sports.Thats a good idea. A. hiking B. swi

20、mmingC. cycling D. skating、Which country is the Great Wall in?Its in_. A. Canada B. China C. the USA D. Australia6、Do you have any _?Yes, I like chess and drama best. A. jobs B. dutiesC. hobbies D. problems7、Mr. White, the principal, has made a great_ to the growth of the school. A. contribution B.

21、progressC. invention D. protection8、The people in western countries celebrate_ by making pumpkin lanterns and wearing special costumes with masks. A. Christmas B. HalloweenC. Thanksgiving Day D. New Years Day9、Which animal comes from China? A. elephant B. kangaroo C. giant panda D. zebra10、The theme

22、 park is about _ ride from the museum. You should start out right now. A. two hour B. two hoursC. two hours D. two hours11、He has poor_, so he cant see the words on the blackboard clearly. A. smell B. tasteC. hearing D. eyesight12、Would you like some_?Yes, please. Im thirsty. A. water B. breadC. pen

23、s D. clothes中考真题演练、Look at my stamps.They are beautiful! Youve got a wonderful _. A. instruction B. descriptionC. collection D. expression、He was born in Italy, but he has made China his_. A. family B. addressC. house D. home、Hangzhou is _to hundreds of foreign friends who are working and studying h

24、ere. A. home B. houseC. family D. room、The sweater is not the right _for me.Well, shall I get you a bigger one or a smaller one? A. price B. colorC. size D. material、Excuse me, where did you get the book?I borrowed it from the _. A. cinema B. libraryC. park D. station、What is Miss Gaos favorite _?Sh

25、e is always in pink. Dont you know? A. colour B. bookC. song D. movie、I plan to go out for a bicycle trip to Longzhong. But Im afraid I dont know the_.A map is helpful, I think. A. time B. wayC. weather D. price、He will have to watch his _because of his serious stomach problem. A. style B. dietC. sm

26、ell D. menu9、Mum, I am hungry. May I have some_?Of course. But dont eat too much. A. bread B. noodleC. dumpling D. hamburger10、I have some problems with my English writing.Can you give me some_? A. advice B. decisionsC. information D. MessagesA 组中考模拟基础训练题组、The 5th Chinas Got Talent(中国达人秀)gives the c

27、hild a chance to show his special _. A. ability B. behaviorC. education D. background、The professional tennis player is_. A. a eighteen years old girl B. a eighteen-year-old girlC. an eighteen years old girl D. an eighteen-year-old girl、Do you like to listen to “Bandari”?Yes. Listening to _ is my fa

28、vorite. A. songs B. musicC. stories D. news、To keep healthy, we should eat more vegetables and less _.A. meat B. foodC. wine D. drink、Why not go to the Birds Net this Saturday?Im afraid its not a good _. Many of us have been there. A. place B. dayC. plan D. idea、Lets go to this _to find a pair of sh

29、oes to match my new skirt. A. shoe shop B. toy shopC. electrical shop D. clothes shop、We have few _in the fridge. Lets go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages. A. vegetables B. fruitC. meat D. eggs、Luckily, the boy didnt hurt his _in the accident, so he can walk as usual. A. arms B. legsC. eyes D

30、. hands、Tim is _ . He stayed up late to watch the 2008 NBA All Star Game. A. a lazy man B. a good swimmerC. a basketball fan D. a helpful student、If you dont know the meaning of a word, you can look it up in a _ . A. menu B. mapC. list D. dictionaryB 组中考模拟提优训练题组Ellen has to talk to her grandpa loudl

31、y because theres something wrong with the old mans _ . A. eyes B. teethC. throat D. ears、How far is it from the railway station to the hotel?Its about _ walk. A. ten minutes B. ten-minutesC. ten minutes D. ten minutes、Its a good _to have breakfast every morning. A. hobby B. jobC. menu D. skill、All t

32、he _in our school enjoyed themselves on March th because it was their own holiday. A. men teachers B. women teachersC. woman teacher D. woman teachers、Some people ride bikes to work instead of driving in order to reduce _ pollution. A. water B. airC. soil D. white、The food safety is a serious _ in o

33、ur country. We should try to solve it. A. subject B. programC. problem D. opinion、My English teacher visited Canada last summer.Which city did he visit?_ . A. Paris B. WashingtonC. London D. Toronto、This is _ bedroom. The twin sister likes it very much. A. Jenny and Marias B. Jennys and MariaC. Jenn

34、ys and Marias D. Jenny and Maria、Kate is _ girl. Shes very happy at school. A. a eighteenyearold B. an eighteenyearoldC. an eighteenyearsold D. a eighteenyearsold、Every morning Mr. Smith takes a_ to his office. A.20 minutes walk B.20 minutes walkC.20-minutes walk D.20-minute walk、Whos your favourite

35、 _ ?Mo Yan.A. actor B. singerC. reader D. writer、Pollution is a serious_ in China. PM2.5 has been increasing in recent years.A. thing B. questionC. problem D. matter、I hear you run for half an hour every day.Right, we have to. It is one of the _ in our school.A. rules B. plansC. hobbies D. choices、H

36、ow was your weekend, Jeff?I had great_ watching a football game.A. interest B. time C.fun D. pleasure、I have some problems with my English writing. Can you give me some ?A. advice B. decisionsC. information D. messages、Marys skirt is the same as her _ .A. sisters B. brotherC. brothers D. sisters、She

37、 likes_ best of all the vegetables.A. potatoes B. eggsC. oranges D. chicken、Can I help you, sir?Id like to have 100 _ . I want my students to draw pictures.A. piece of paper B. pieces of paperC. pieces of papers D. piece of papers中考专题教案-名词【答案】专题一名词中考真题演练、B 解析本题考查名词的用法。chance“机会”;promise“许诺”;trick“把戏

38、”;treat“治疗”。由上句句意“如果你今年夏天学会游泳,我就给你买一辆新的自行车。”可知这是一个许诺。、D 解析本题考查名词辨析。attention“注意”;operation“手术;操作”;invention“发明”;information“信息”。根据后半句句意“我现在了解许多关于乐施毅行者的有关信息”,可知前句应该是“谢谢你为我提供的信息”。故选D。、A 解析考查名词的用法辨析。choice“选择”,support“支持”,mixture“混合”,honour“荣誉”。根据句意:“戴白色领带是明智的选择,它与你的衬衫很搭”“非常感谢”, 所以选择A。、B解析考查名词辨析。hiking

39、 徒步旅行;swimming 游泳;cycling 骑车;skating 滑雪。由问句中的后句“我喜爱水上运动”知,前句意为“星期天我们去游泳,好吗?”故选B。、B 解析本题考查名词词意辨析。 项“ 加拿大” ; 项“ 中国” ; 项“ 美国” ; 项“ 澳大利亚” 。 句意: 长城在哪一个国家? 长城在中国。 故选 。6、C 解析本题考查名词词意辨析。根据应答句中的“chess and drama”判断,下棋和戏剧是两种业余爱好,不是工作、责任和问题。故选C。7、A 解析考查名词词意辨析。contribution“贡献”,progress“进步”,invention“发明”,protection“保护”。据句意“校长怀特先生对这所学校的发展做出了巨大的贡献”, 所以选择答案A。8、B解析本题考查西方文化。本题所表达的节日制作

展开阅读全文
相关资源
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 教育专区 > 教案示例

本站为文档C TO C交易模式,本站只提供存储空间、用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,本站只是中间服务平台,本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。本站仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知淘文阁网,我们立即给予删除!客服QQ:136780468 微信:18945177775 电话:18904686070

工信部备案号:黑ICP备15003705号© 2020-2023 www.taowenge.com 淘文阁