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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Chapter 3Supply Chain Drivers and ObstaclesTrue/False1. The major drivers of supply chain performance are customers, facilities, inventory, transportation, and information.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate2. The two major types of facilities are production sites and storage sites.Answer
2、: TrueDifficulty: Moderate3. Inventory is an important supply chain driver because changing inventory policies can dramatically alter the supply chains efficiency and responsiveness.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. Information is potentially the biggest driver of performance in the supply chain as
3、 it directly affects each of the other drivers.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. A facility with little excess capacity will likely be no more or less efficient per unit of product it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy6. The high utilization facility will have
4、 no more difficulty responding to demand fluctuations than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: False Difficulty: Easy7. Warehouse unit storage is the warehousing methodology that uses a traditional warehouse to store all of one type of product together.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate8. The c
5、omponents of inventory decisions include capacity, cycle inventory, safety inventory, seasonal inventory, and sourcing.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy9. Cycle inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability in demand.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy10. Seasonal inventory is inv
6、entory that is built up to counter predictable variability in demand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate11. A companys ability to find a balance between responsiveness and efficiency that best matches the needs of the customer it is targeting is the key to achieving strategic fit.Answer: TrueDifficulty
7、: Moderate 12. Many obstacles, such as growing product variety and shorter life cycles, have made it increasingly difficult for supply chains to achieve strategic fit.Answer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateEssay/Problems1. List and define the four major drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: Facilitie
8、s are the places in the supply chain network where product is stored, assembled, or fabricated. The two major types of facilities are production sites and storage sites.Inventory is all raw materials, work in process, and finished goods within a supply chain. Inventory is an important supply chain d
9、river because changing inventory policies can dramatically alter the supply chains efficiency and responsiveness.Transportation entails moving inventory from point to point in the supply chain. Transportation can take the form of many combinations of modes and routes.Information consists of data and
10、 analysis concerning facilities, inventory, transportation, and customers throughout the supply chain. Information is potentially the biggest driver of performance in the supply chain as it directly affects each of the other drivers.Difficulty: Moderate答：设施的地方是在供应链网络，产品是存储，组装，或制成的。双方主要设施类型网站制作和网站。库存
11、原材料，在制品和成品，在供应链。库存是一个重要的供应链的司机因为改变库存策略可以大大改变了供应链的效率和响应。运输需要移动库存点对点在供应链。运输的形式可以多种组合方式和途径。信息包括数据和分析有关设施，库存，运输，和全国各地客户的供应链。信息是潜在的最大驱动的供应链绩效将直接影响到其他每个司机。难度：中等2. Explain the basic trade-off between responsiveness and efficiency for each of the major drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: The fundame
12、ntal trade-off when making facilities decisions is between the cost of the number, location, and type of facilities (efficiency) and the level of responsiveness that these facilities provide the companys customers.The fundamental trade-off when making inventory decisions is between responsiveness an
13、d efficiency. Increasing inventory will generally make the supply chain more responsive to the customer. This choice, however, comes at a cost as the added inventory decreases efficiency. Therefore, a supply chain manager can use inventory as one of the drivers for reaching the level of responsivene
14、ss and efficiency the competitive strategy targets.The fundamental trade-off for transportation is between the cost of transporting a given product (efficiency) and the speed with which that product is transported (responsiveness). The transportation choice influences other drivers such as inventory
15、 and facilities. When supply chain managers think about making transportation decisions, they frame the decision in terms of this trade-off.Good information systems can help a firm improve both its responsiveness and efficiency. The information driver is used to improve the performance of other driv
16、ers and the use of information is based on the strategic position the other drivers support. Accurate information can help a firm improve efficiency by decreasing inventory and transportation costs. Accurate information can improve responsiveness by helping a supply chain better match supply and dem
17、and.Difficulty: Moderate答：基本权衡当设施决策成本之间的数量，位置，和类型的设施（效率）和水平的反应，这些设施为公司的客户。基本权衡时，库存的决定之间的反应能力和效率。增加库存通常会使供应链更加适应客户。这一选择，然而，在一个成本作为补充库存减少效率。因此，供应链经理可以使用库存作为一个司机的水平达到的响应速度和效率的竞争战略目标。基本权衡之间的运输是运输成本的一个给定的产品（效率）和速度与产品的运输（响应）。运输的选择，影响其他司机等库存和设施。当供应链管理者认为让运输决策框架，他们决定在这一权衡。良好的信息系统可以帮助企业提高其反应能力和效率。信息驱动程序是用于提高
18、性能的其他司机和利用信息的基础上的战略地位的其他驱动程序支持。准确的信息可以帮助企业提高效率，减少库存量和运输成本。准确的信息可以提高反应能力的帮助供应链供需匹配。3. Explain the role of each of the major drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: Facilities are the where of the supply chain if we think of inventory as what is being passed along the supply chain and transportati
19、on as how it is passed along. They are the locations to or from which the inventory is transported. Within a facility, inventory is either processed or transformed into another state (manufacturing) or it is stored before being shipped to the next stage (warehousing).Inventory exists in the supply c
20、hain because of a mismatch between supply and demand. An important role that inventory plays in the supply chain is to increase the amount of demand that can be satisfied by having product ready and available when the customer wants it. Another significant role inventory plays is to reduce cost by e
21、xploiting any economies of scale that may exist during both production and distribution. Inventory is spread throughout the supply chain from raw materials to work in process to finished goods that suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers hold.Inventory is a major source of cost in a su
22、pply chain and it has a huge impact on responsiveness. The location and quantity of inventory can move the supply chain from one end of the responsiveness spectrum to the other. Inventory also has a significant impact on the material flow time in a supply chain. Material flow time is the time that e
23、lapses between the point at which Another important area where inventory has a significant impact is throughput. Inventory and flow time are synonymous in a supply chain. Managers should use actions that lower the amount of inventory needed without increasing cost or reducing responsiveness, because
24、 reduced flow time can be a significant advantage in a supply chain.Transportation moves product between different stages in a supply chain. Like the other supply chain drivers, transportation has a large impact on both responsiveness and efficiency. Faster transportation, whether in the form of dif
25、ferent modes of transportation or different amounts being transported, allows a supply chain to be more responsive but reduces its efficiency. The type of transportation a company uses also affects the inventory and facility locations in the supply chain. Information could be overlooked as a major s
26、upply chain driver because it does not have a physical presence. Information, however, deeply affects every part of the supply chain. Its impact is easy to underestimate as information affects a supply chain in many different ways. Information serves as the connection between the supply chains vario
27、us stages, allowing them to coordinate and bring about many of the benefits of maximizing total supply chain profitability. Information is also crucial to the daily operations of each stage in a supply chain. For instance, a production scheduling system uses information on demand to create a schedul
28、e that allows a factory to produce the right products in an efficient manner. A warehouse management system uses information to create visibility of the warehouses inventory. The company can then use this information to determine whether new orders can be filled.Difficulty: Hard3。解释的作用，每一个主要驱动的供应链绩效
29、。答：设施是在供应链中的库存如果我们认为什么是通过沿供应链和运输由于它是如何走过。他们的位置，或从库存运输。在设施，库存是处理或变成另一种状态（制造）或是存储之前被运到下一个阶段（仓储）。供应链中的库存存在因为供求关系不匹配。一个重要的角色，发挥供应链中的库存量增加的需求，能满足产品准备和现有的客户在需要的时候。另一个重要作用是降低成本的存货是利用规模经济过程中可能存在的生产和分配。库存蔓延整个供应链从原材料到成品的工作过程中，供应商，制造商，分销商，零售商，举行。库存的一个主要来源，成本在供应链和它有一个巨大的冲击响应。的位置和数量的库存，可以移动供应链从一端到另一反应谱。库存也有重大影响的
30、物质流在供应链。物质流是经过的时间之间的点，另一个重要领域，库存有重大影响的吞吐量。库存和流动的时间就是在供应链。管理者应该使用的行动，降低库存金额需要在不增加成本或减少的反应，因为减少了流通的时间可以是一个明显的优势，在供应链。交通移动产品之间的不同阶段的供应链。像其他供应链驱动，交通有很大影响的两个反应能力和效率。更快捷的交通，无论是在形式的不同运输方式的运输或不同的数量，使供应链更加敏感，但降低其效率。类型的运输公司使用，也影响了库存和设施的地点，在供应链。信息可能被忽视的一个主要供应链的驱动程序，因为它没有一个实体的存在。信息，然而，深深地影响着每一个供应链的一部分。其影响是容易低估作
31、为信息影响供应链在许多不同的方式。信息之间的连接服务供应链的不同阶段，使他们能够协调和带来的好处很多，整个供应链的利润最大化。信息是至关重要的日常运作中的每个阶段，供应链。例如，一个生产调度系统使用需求信息创建一个时间表，使工厂生产的产品在一个有效率的方式。一个仓库管理系统用信息创造能见度仓库的库存。公司可以利用此信息来确定是否可以填补新订单。难度：困难4. Explain the role of each of the major drivers of supply chain performance in the competitive strategy.Answer: Facilitie
32、s and their corresponding capacities to perform their functions are a key driver of supply chain performance in terms of responsiveness and efficiency. For example, companies can gain economies of scale when a product is manufactured or stored in only one location; this centralization increases effi
33、ciency. The cost reduction, however, comes at the expense of responsiveness, as many of a companys customers may be located far from the production facility. The opposite is also true. Locating facilities close to customers increases the number of facilities needed and consequently reduces efficienc
34、y. If the customer demands and is willing to pay for the responsiveness that having numerous facilities adds, however, then this facilities decision helps meet the companys competitive strategy goals.Inventory plays a significant role in a supply chains ability to support a firms competitive strateg
35、y. If a firms competitive strategy requires a very high level of responsiveness, a company can use inventory to achieve this responsiveness by locating large amounts of inventory close to the customer. Conversely, a company can also use inventory to make itself more efficient by reducing inventory t
36、hrough centralized stocking. The latter strategy would support a competitive strategy of being a low-cost producer. The trade-off implicit in the inventory driver is between the responsiveness that results from more inventory and the efficiency that results from less inventory. The role of transport
37、ation in a companys competitive strategy figures prominently when the company is considering the target customers needs. If a firms competitive strategy targets a customer that demands a very high level of responsiveness, and that customer is willing to pay for this responsiveness, then a firm can u
38、se transportation as one driver for making the supply chain more responsive. The opposite is true as well. If a companys competitive strategy targets customers whose main decision criterion is price, then the company can use transportation to lower the cost of the product at the expense of responsiv
39、eness. As a company may use both inventory and transportation to increase responsiveness or efficiency, the optimal decision for the company often means finding the right balance between the two.Information is a driver whose importance has grown as companies have used it to become both more efficien
40、t and more responsive. The tremendous growth of the importance of information technology is a testimony to the impact information can have on improving a company. Like all the other drivers, however, even with information, companies reach a point when they must make the trade-off between efficiency
41、and responsiveness.Difficulty: Hard4。解释的作用，每一个主要驱动的供应链绩效的竞争战略。答：设施和相应的能力履行其职能是一个关键的驱动的供应链性能方面的能力和效率。例如，公司可得到足够的经济规模，当一个产品的生产或储存在一个位置；这种集中增加效率。降低成本，然而，在牺牲的反应，许多公司的客户可能位于远离生产设施。相反也是如此。设施定位接近客户的数量增加，从而降低效率的设备。如果客户要求和愿意支付的反应，有许多设施增加，然而，这个设施的决定能满足公司的竞争战略目标。库存中发挥了重要作用，在供应链的能力，支持企业的竞争战略。如果一个企业的竞争战略需要一个非常高层
42、次的反应，一个公司可以使用库存实现这一反应的定位大量库存接近客户。反之，一个公司也可以使用库存使自己更有效地减少库存集中放养。后者的战略支持竞争策略的一个低成本的生产。权衡隐含在库存驱动的反应，结果从库存和效率，结果减少库存。运输中的作用一个公司的竞争战略，突出当公司考虑到目标客户的需求。如果一个公司的竞争战略目标的一个客户要求非常高层次的反应，并且客户愿意支付这种反应，那么公司可以利用运输为一体的驱动使供应链更加敏感。相反也是一样的。如果一个公司的竞争战略目标客户的主要决策标准是价格，那么公司可以使用运输工具，降低产品的成本为代价的反应。作为一个公司使用的运输和库存增加的反应或效率，最优决策的公司往往意味着找到正确的平衡之间的。信息作为一个驱动因素，其重要性已成长为公司用它变得更加有效和更加敏感。巨大增长的重要性，信息技术是一个证明的影响可以改善公司信息。像所有其他车手，然而，即使信息，公司达成一点时，他们必须权衡效率和响应。难度：困难专心-专注-专业