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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上医学英语重点：1.Induction and eprseeion are thought to be theresult of modification of gene expresion. Thesmallest unit of genetie expession is the eisrton, a strural geng coding for the synthesis of an enzyme subunit The eistrons are functionally combined in a unit called the oper on which ma
2、y be described as a regulated gene cluster.诱导和遏制被认为基因表达修饰的结果,基因表达最小的单位是顺反子,是编码合成的亚基的结构基因,顺反子的作用与一种叫做持操纵子的单位联系在一起.这种操纵子可以被称作基因调节团.2.In eukaryotes genes coding for metabolically-related在真核生物中,对代谢上的系列的编码基因一般不是紧密相联组成一个操纵子,蛋白质的合成经常是以内分泌刺激相连,而不是与代谢诱剂的直接存在有关.能够调节蛋白质合成速率的激素包括胰岛素,甲状披腺素,生长H-睾丸酮和皮质醇.3.It is co
3、metimes stated that urination is our mostcompelling bodily iunction有人说排尿是我们最急迫的生理功能.如果你曾经同时讥饿劳累,寒冷已经有尿意,并且回忆你处理这些需要的顺序,你将很可能同样这样的看法.这种紧急情况同泌尿系统排出肥沃作用已经系统特殊的解剖结果有关.4.A humen kidney contains roughly 1 million nephrons，each one a long twisted looping tubule.The tubule has one end that is enlarged and c
4、up-shaped likea punched basketball and that lies in close contact with bloodcapillariesthe other end drains away urine If all the nephrons in an adults kidney were straightened out and placed end to end theywould from a microscopically slender tube about 80km(50miles)long.人的肾脏大约包括1百万个肾单位,每个肾单位有一个长而扭
5、曲成环的细管.细管有一端扩大呈环状,象一个刺破的篮球,并且与毛细血管相连,另一端分泌尿液,如果一个成人肾脏的所有肾单位被拉直,并且首尾相接,它们会形成约80公里(50英里)微小细管.5This vitamin is necessary for the maintenance of the epithelial cells of the epithelial cells of the skin.这种维他命对维持皮肤，眼、消化道和呼吸道上皮细胞是必须的，当维生素A缺乏时，这些细胞变得扁平易碎以及比正常细胞弱的抵抗感染能力。在它严重缺乏时，眼上皮会在角膜上形成一层干的和角状的膜，从而导致一种特殊的眼
6、病干眼病，维生素A对维持正常神经组织，骨骼的生长和牙齿的光泽也是必须的。6.Experiments have shown that a deficiency ofvitamin E producesprogressive实验表明，维生素E缺乏导对敌进行性肌肉退体和麻痹，很可能是由于神经退化造成的。人类某些瘫痪经有维生素E成药治疗后，有好的疗效。7.Glucagon causes anincrease in blood sugar by accelerating the conversion of liver glycogen toglucose ,It functions like epine
7、phrine, although it is thought that the two hormones produce the same end result by different means .Glucagon and insulin do not antagonize or block one another.胰高血糖素通过加速肝糖原转变为葡萄糖来升高血糖浓度。它的作用同肾上腺素一样，尽管人们认为两种激素通过不同的方式来产生一样的作用。胰高血糖和胰岛素并不互相抗或抑制。8A tumor in the islets of Langerhans may cause overproduct
8、ion of insulin.发生在郎格罕氏岛的肿瘤可以导致胰岛素分泌过剩。从而导致低血糖。如果血糖水平降到大约60mg/100ml以下，个体表 出枰酒态。当血糖水平低于约50mg/100ml，个体发生痉挛。低血糖病人足够血糖水平维持有时要靠饮食来完成，但是通常肿瘤必须被拿掉。9.Immunity is derived from the Latin word immunitas,which referred to the exemption from various civic duties and legal prosecution offered to Roman senators dur
9、ing their tenures in office ,We now know that many of the mechanisms of resistance to infections are also involved in the individuals response to noninfectious foreign substances.免疫力来自于拉丁单词immunitas,它指的是在罗马无老院执政期间提供给他们的免除各种公民义务和合法税收。我们现在知道许多抗感染机制被包含在个体对非感染性外来物质的应答中。10.In the last 20 years,there has
10、been a remarkable transformation in our understanding of the immune system and its functions .近20年来，我们理解的免疫系统和它的功能都已经有了显著的改主，在细胞培养技术方面的进展，重组的脱氧核糖和蛋白质生物化学已将免疫学大描述性的科学转变成一种多样化的免疫现象，即能被有机对合起来和被解释成精简的结构和生物化学术语的免疫现象。11 Clearly,then,there is no safe level above normal.If you are told you have high blood p
11、ressure ,follow your doctors instructions for lowering it.In comtrast to the situation of the 1930s,doctors today know how to reduce blood pressure to nonthreatening levels in about 85 percent of the cases .Sometimes thetreatment if remarkablysimple steps that you take on your own.明显地，血压超过正常值那就视为不安全
12、。如果你被告知你有高血压，按照医生的说明来降低它，同20世纪30年代的情况形成对照的是，现在的医生85%的病例都知道如何把血压降低到血压无威协的水平。有时候治疗步骤非常简单，你可以自己进行。12 The results werepersuasive for every highblood pressure groupdesignated in the study After five years 17per cent fewer hypertensives had died in the drug-treated halt than in the group referred to priva
13、te doctors and clinies .There were almost 45per cent fewer deaths from stroke and 26per cent fewer from heart attack.对于在研究中标明的每个高血压组来说，结果都有说服力，5年后，低于17%进行药物治疗的高血压病人死亡比找私人医生及治疗的组少了一半。有差不多低于45%的病人因中风死亡，低于26%的病人因心脏病而死亡。13 Anyone who has ever tried to give up smoking cigarettes knows the meaning of bein
14、g hooked .Even those who succeed in quitting for the first time suffer the same 75%relapse rate as recovering alcoholicw and heroin addicts .Last week the U.S. Surgeon General made official what everyone has recognized for a long time: tobacco,like cocaine or heroin,is addictive.In a no-holds-barrde
15、,618-page report,the forthright C. Everett Koop not only proclaimed that“cigarettes and other forms of tobacco are addicting”but also urged that they should be treated with the same caution as illegal street narcotics.任何一个曾经度图戒烟的人都知道上钩的意义。即使那些第一成功戒烟的人和饮酒过度的人及海洛因上瘾者一样有75%的复发率。烟草，像可卡因或者海洛因是使人上瘾，这是每个人都
16、知道了很的事情。上个星期美国公共卫生总署使之合法化。在一个洋洋洒洒有618页的报告中，直率的C.Euerett Koop不仅声明烟和其他形工的烟草能使人成瘾，而且效促政府吸烟上瘾者应该同那些非法街头收毒成瘾者的吸毒成瘾者一样小心提防。14 Despite all this ,smoking can be conquered.Although ex-heroin users have reported that tobaccls grip was .尽管所有的这些，吸烟还是可以克服的。尽管曾吸烟的有声称，烟瘾要比违法的毒瘾还难以戒。有4300万美国人民已经成功戒烟，而且靠的是他们自己。另外，所有
17、存在的吸烟的美国公民的三分之一（即使这个数字还在增加）正在一项通常强调烟瘾者戒掉的戒烟计划中寻求帮助。RochesterR Mayo 诊所在高级顾问Thomes，Kottke说，最好的戒烟活动结合了多种方法，还有许多来自不吸烟者的长期支持。上个星期出版的美国医学研究杂志中的一次研究中，Kottk带领的研究组对比了39种方法，从自己阅读书籍到被剥夺的感觉，发现它们的作用相同。研究者发现成功的关键取决于吸烟者从医生、朋友胶亲戚那里获得的面对面的鼓励的数量。即使戒烟需要反反复复，但它最终带来的益处远超过了伴随其中的痛苦。二、汉译英:1、新陈代谢是人体内进行的一切化学变化的总和。Metabolism
18、is the sum total of all chemical changes going on in human body.2、基础（basal）代谢指的是人体在休息状态下所发生的化学反应。Basal metabolism refers to the chemial readions occuring when the body is at rest.3、我们的身体是由叫做细胞的微小块状物构成的。Our body is made up of a tiny microscopic blocks called cells.4、肾炎的一个突出症状是水肿，这意味着身体组织或体腔内出现液体不正常的积
19、蓄。One characteristic symptom of nephritis is edema,which means an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body tissues of cavities.5、当肾功能受损时，尿钙的排泄速度减慢。The speed at which urinary calcium is excreted drops when renal funtion is impaired.6、与其他营养相比，维生素和矿物盐需要最较少。Vitamins and mineral salts are needed in min
20、ute quantities as compared with other nutrients.7、维生素是按字母分类推，如维生素A、B、C、D、E、K和复合B等。Vitamins are distinguished by letters as Vitamins A.B.C.D.E.K and the B complex eac.8、当胰岛素的生产受到破坏时就会发生高血糖。Hyperglycemia ouurs when unsulin production is disturbed.9、过量饮食和体重减轻是糖尿病的症状。Hyperphagia caaompanied by weight lo
21、ss is a symptom of diabetes mellitus.10、一分预防胜似十二分治疗。An ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure.11、免疫就是人体抵抗一种特定疾病的能力。Immunity is the ability of the hum an body to resist a particular disease.12、心脏、血液和血管是构成血脉管系统的三个重要组成部人。The heart, the blood and the vessels are the three important component
22、s comprising the blood vascular system.13、携氧的血液通过肺静脉回流心脏。The oxygen-blood is returned to the heart through the pulmorary veins.14、毛细血管是把动脉和静脉联起来的微细管道。Capillaries are the microscopic tubes connecting arteries and veins.15、充分的资料证明，吸烟者较不吸烟者更有可能患肺、喉、舌以及颌部分的癌症。Over whelming stastistical evidence shows th
23、at smokers are more likely to developcancer of the lung,throat,tongue and jaw than hon-smokers.16、一旦形成吸烟的习惯，就很难改掉。Once you have formed the habit of smoking ,it is very hard for you to get rid of it .17、小剂量能常对高级脑中枢产生轻微镇静作用。Small doses usually produce a mildly sedative calming effect on the highest br
24、ain centres.三、单词1、代谢：metabolism2、胰高血糖素:glucagon3、内环境稳定，体内平衡:homeostasis4、内分泌:endovrine5、葡萄糖:glucose6、胆固醇:cholesterol7、成纤维细胞:fibroblast8、脂蛋白:lipoprotein9、亮胺酸:leacine10、精胺酸酶:arginase11、激素，荷尔蒙:hormone12、甲状腺素:thyroxine13、酪胺酸:tyrosyl14、葡萄糖激酶:glucokinase15、特异青霉菌:penicillinm notatum16、沙门菌:salmonella17、鼠伤寒:
25、typhimurium18、作用子，顺反子:cistron19、渗透酶:permease20、生长激素:somatrophin21、睾丸酮：testosterone22、肾脏：renal23、血管小球：glomerulus24、主动脉：aorta25、肾单位：nephron26、滤器：colander27、渗透，渗透作用：osmotis28、苯巴比妥:phenobarbital29、软骨病：rickets30、坏血病：scurvy31、丙酮酸：pyruvic acid32、糙皮病：pellagra33、腹泻：diarrhea34、脚气：beriberi35、出血：hemorrhage36、烟（
26、碱）：nicotinic37、皮炎：dermatitis38、痴呆：dementia39、胰腺：pancreas40、高血糖:hypergtycemia41、糖尿:glycosuria42、脱水、失水：dehydration43、血钙：blood calcium44、低血糖：hypoglycemia45、食欲过盛：hyperphahia46、肾上腺素：epinephrine47、强心剂：cardiotonic agent48、心输出量：cardiac output49、糖尿病：diabetes mellitus50、免除，豁免：exemption51、重组体：recombinant52、脱氧核
27、糖核酸：DNA:deoxyribonucleic acid53、大分子：macromolecule54、淋巴细胞：lymphoeyte55、鼠疫，瘟疫：plague56、遗传、先天的：innate57、种痘.接种：vaccination58、补体：complement59、冠状的：coronary60、肥胖：obesity61、尼古丁:nicotine62、高血压：hypertension63、佐料，调味品:seasoning64、肾上腺素：adrenaline65、生物反馈：biofeedback66、镇静剂：sedative67、昏睡，嗜睡：lethargy68、发作，一个事件：episode69、心血管的：cardiovascular70、海洛因：heroin71、成瘾者，使吸毒成瘾：addict72、麻醉剂，吸毒成瘾者：narcotic73、幻觉：hallucination74、-内啡肽：beta-endorphine75、精神（病）药理学家：psychopharmacologist76、精神病学的：psychiatric77、神经递质：neurotransmitter专心-专注-专业