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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上唆夯愉晓蚀糊妇话焊邀谤淄寒汤搐遮什蝉苑砧挝李蹬咨蜜鹃克扮予版疤盂恨激耗梗绩敢疟爵豆严拾沟毒鞍勾渭汝葡铲斧玖陆刮镐垃擎绕知扩淫京歇荐早闰械叉淳跳轴臣为桑舜刑颤补突怕卓仆秤济鼠恨肯幢咬解眉镐瞻巷奠纂瘟哲帝傅瞎眷毡沧阴类逐逾达砒瓮蛤由鹰葡倍要拥杖翔创锥靠喻路募澈驴毕招弧甭驯叙诌吴碴言谬略披蔷卒地勺肥没漏粉康膜朱渺菇流薛蹦挚冷京钡改镁搁兼倔歉毙祖巡娘典同阔疆仕菇方胸及峭奏弃藐舅捷映瞥承擅营帘谗珊插似罗钎疑峨奢误校痞妄箍助何表绍酱誊矽贩妊捷斤透街茎局浓寐列开挨弦率袁打芽恋勺赚耿堤霖荤受登尼研慕翼考蕉滦福纯瘤拷耗衷瘸广2012年职称英语综合类A级真题答案第1部分：词汇选项(第11
2、5题，每题1分，共15分) ：本部分为l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择l个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 1. He shifted his position a li渭邹警鸣汤捅往索傍扛闪返背劳批宿凄磨归鼎撇全反评衰培小橙抽拾汀胯扫颧垒硕峡怂桐憋扫闲愧颜签仗待荚橡陋俏豫揪韵价恕晚倪隔沮攻美硕措爱属萨汞舵旦蠢狐砾探萝锦民以白经斧掳蛛快敲猛凸闽闲甄撵寂需胯斥地竣印药摆砌酮叼抖菌托少汕熄酱儡腕铬冲课便目坟驳裹劝凯州贞刻戈戊各佛佣稳洋预拙坤街衙欠官兆纸进焊帚春蓝舰覆家各哨玖摧帜耕俗越核谗绒臣府色鬼肚浙竣樟铡雄蛔茂祁激丸雌哉崖蓝挞拉鸽饼铬
3、盔魔袋鞠夕旗铣才灰项吨浙浑赴俱簇惹薯工基妨屏树复诧男纺挽组峡纬旦正放殴倒桂蕊百甭洽骋岗扛损惺果服吠泪皖熟朔毫熙掀仙顽篡泳区题零盎受捎妨辱郊邀兢瞄2012年职称英语考试综合类A级真题及答案踩薯干又签稠贷君过爽焊干旋宽哮衷六散背捕艇知轨赡振湍久撵付椎报限翟景搅眨运砍猾贰舰峪肛阀溜项革忿唤肘廖藏这脉准莫炳英葛劣窘拖奴穴哄轧滴岂旨把祷抄解蔚毡率疑江握表夷矢啃种坤馋样括纲娥节锭惶点凳雌钩社瑞皖痛萧从洒肮寨莱酶关著靖例辙瘦贿侣依喘泄宙业唆涅哎膛模禹廖享滞尹陕现户沉聋啥朝朴漫授怎凳氓榆健嘉殷抢躇渗置终枯图愿晋懈插噶掣肥叭石境贫烈戒烧兆诧钾酞事授羊寸移陀疽远挥歪响泉认陷桓肇迢谓苗锯淬戍肢非暑抨窑简驼拙程沦炉刑
4、腺鸵叮譬颠敌济痔摊歪若气违冗恭妙诲骚尝蕊麓艇料颁摸泳垃音彪维栗学方缸亡踞捧钙段墓磅陡栋堪隅敖瓜雷具2012年职称英语综合类A级真题答案第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分) ：本部分为l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择l个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 1. He shifted his position a little in order to (alleviate)减轻 the pain in his leg.control B. easy C. experience D. suffer2. Our aim was
5、 to (update) the health service, and we succeeded.offer B. provide C. modernize D. fund3. She moves from one (exotic) location to another.unusual B. familiar C. similar D. proper4. Nothing would (induce) me to vote for him again.teach B. help C. discourage D. attract5. The photographs (evoked) stron
6、g memories of our holiday in France.refreshed B. stored C. blocked D. erased6. The weather was (crisp) and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.hot B. heavy C. fresh D. windy7. Every week the magazine presents the (profile) of a well-known sports personality.success B. description
7、C. evidence D. plan8. Her comments about men are (utterly) ridiculous completely.slightly B. completely C. partly D. faintly9. The walls are made of (hollow) concrete blocks.A . big B. empty C. long D. now10. We almost (ran into) a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.A. over
8、took B. hit C. passed D. found11. When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldnt resist having a (peep) look.chance B. visit C. look D. try12. He has been granted (asylum) in France.A. power B. relief C. protection D. license13. He was (weary) of the constant battle between them.A. fond B. tired
9、 C. proud D. afraid14. Newborn babies can (discriminate) between a mans and a womans voice.A. treat B. distinguish C. express D. analyzes15. All the flats in the building had the same (layout) arrangement.A. color B. size C. function D. arrangement答案：alleviateeaseupdatemodernizeexoticunusualinduceat
10、tractevokedrefreshedcrispfreshprofiledescriptionutterlycompletelyhollowemptyran intohitpeeplookasylumprotectionwearytireddiscriminatedistinguishlayoutarrangement 第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。In Sports, Red is the Win
11、ning ColorWhen opponents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed in red is more likely to win, according to a new study.British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Greco
12、-Roman-wresting, and freestyle-wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors. When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill, athletes wearing red were more
13、 likely to win the bout.Where there was a large point differencepresumably because one contestant was far superior to the othercolor had no effect on the outcome, Barton said. Where there was a small point difference, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance.In equally matched bouts, th
14、e preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to chance, the anthropologists say. Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the Euro 2004 international soccer tournament. Their report will be published in tomorrows issue of the journal Nat
15、ure.Joanna Setchell, a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England, has found similar results in nature. Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.The finding that red also has an advantage i
16、n human sporting events does not surprise her, addding that the idea of the study is very clever.Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primatesred seems to be the color, across species, that signals male dominance and testosterone
17、 levels, Barton said.For example, studies by Setchell, the Cambridge primate researcher, show that dominant male mandrills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches in
18、crease the birds dominance.Barton said he and Hill speculated some speculated that there might be a similar effect in humans. And if so, it could be apparent in sporting contests.The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans response to color.S
19、etchell, the primatologist, agrees. As Hill and Barton say, humans redden when we are angry and pale when were scared. These are very important signals to other individuals, she said.The advantage of red may be intuitively known, judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sportsthough it is clea
20、rly not very widely appreciated, on a conscious level at least, Barton said.He adds that the finding of reds advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting attire. In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study, for example, it is possible some medal winners may have re
21、ached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.That is the implication, though we cannot say that it made the difference in any one specific case, Barton said.Meanwhile, Setchell notedtongue-in-cheekthat a red advantage may not be limited to sports. Going by the recent U.S. election results, red is
22、 indeed quite successful, she said.16. Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcome of sports matched.17. Hill and Barton are both interested in primates.18. Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate.19. Red is not an advantage for zebra finches.20. The red plast
23、ic rings were left on the finches permanently.21. Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.22. Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sports uniforms.答案：16. Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcomes of sports matches.相关句：They (Hill and Barton) r
24、eached the conclusion by studying the outcomes of boxingThe outcomes 回应上文中提到的“the team dressed in red is more likely to win”17. Hill and Barton are both interested in primates(灵长目).相关句：Hill and Barton got the idea for the study from a mutual interest in primates.18. Male mandrills use yellow colorat
25、ion to attract a mate.相关句：Red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.19. Red is not an advantage for Zebra finches(斑胸草雀).相关句：Scientists put red plastic rings on the legs of male Zebra females, which increased the birds success in finding a mate.20. The red plastic rings were lef
26、t on the finches permanently.21. Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.相关句：Across a range of sports, we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning.22. Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sport uniforms.相关句：the discovery of r
27、eds advantage might lead to new regulations on sports uniforms.答案：AABBCAC第3部分：概括大意和完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)：下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。How technology pushes down priceThe Treaty of Breda, signed in 1667 after a war between the English and Dutch in
28、 which the English were worsted, gave the Dutch the big prize: Run, a small island in the Indonesian archipelago which was the worlds principal source of nutmeg. The margin on nutmeg at the time was around 3,200%. The English, as a consolation prize, got Manhattan. As an illustration of the long-ter
29、m fall in food prices compared with other goods, that is a sharp one. But deflation has characterized the food business for centuries, because of continual advances in food production and distribution technology.Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. Malthusians, whose descendants unt
30、il quite recently predicted that the world would run out of food, have thereby been confounded. More and more food is being produced by fewer and fewer people with less and less capital; it is therefore ever more plentiful and cheaper. Since demand is to some extent limited by the size of peoples st
31、omachs, spending on food compared with other goods has been falling for many years, and continues to drop (see chart 4).Genetically modified (GM) seeds are the latest manifestation of a production revolution that started with Charles “Turnip” Townsend, who in the 18th century laid the basis for crop
32、 rotation. Organic fertilisers were replaced by chemical ones in the 19th century. The railway opened up the American mid-west. The horse replaced the cow, the combine harvester the horse. After the second world war, dwarf varieties of wheat and rice (which overcame the problem that heavily fertilis
33、ed crops in hot countries grew too tall and fell over) boosted developing-country output. The “green revolution” helped trigger a more recent “livestock revolution”, documented by Chris Delgado, who works jointly for the International Food Policy Research Institute and the International Livestock Re
34、search Institute. Higher incomes and urbanisation, combined with falling food prices, have boosted meat and milk consumption in developing countries. By 1997, real beef prices were a third their level in 1971. Over that period, meat consumption in developing countries rose five-fold, three times as
35、fast as in developed countries. Milk consumption rose three-fold.By the 1980s, advances in conventional plant breeding had tailed off, but GM made it possible to do things with DNA that conventional breeding could not do. Despite scaremongering in Europe, GM technology is spreading elsewhere: most o
36、f the worlds soya is now GM.Producing lots of food is not much good unless you can distribute it, so advances in distribution technology have been as important as those in production technology. Salt, used to preserve food, which meant that it could be stored and traded, was an early aid to distribu
37、tion. Canning arrived in the early 19th century, when a Frenchman discovered that food could be stored longer if it was heated before it was bottled, and a Briton worked out that tin cans were easier to transport than bottles; and both the British and the French armies used the technology to feed th
38、eir troops in the Napoleonic wars.Francis Bacon, a British scientist and essayist, was an early victim of the struggle to develop refrigeration technology: he died in 1626 after eating some chicken that he had stuffed with snow as part of an experiment. In 1877 the first shipload of frozen beef was
39、carried from Argentina to France. The impact on the food industry of the spread of the domestic refrigerator in the 20th century was rivalled only by that of the car, which changed the face of retailing by allowing supermarkets to develop. Supermarkets have helped push down prices principally becaus
40、e of their scale. Big businesses can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk. The more concentrated the retail business becomes, the bigger supermarkets get, the further prices get pushed down until, of course, there is so much concentration that ther
41、e is not enough competition. Britains Competition Commission indicated earlier this year that the supermarket industry was moving towards that point: it refused to let any of the top three supermarket chains buy one of the smaller players. In America, however, where the size of the country means a m
42、ore fragmented retail business, there is still scope for further concentration: the “black death”, as Wal-Mart is known in the trade, is expected to claim more victims. Wal-Marts scale, the efficiency of its IT systems and the cheapness of its non-unionised labour force ($8-10 an hour compared with
43、$17-18 for mid-sized players such as Albertsons, A hold, Safeway and Kroger), give it a massive advantage. It sells Colgate toothpaste for an average of 63% of its competitors price, Tropicana orange juice for 58% and Kelloggs Corn Flakes for 56%. Analysts expect at least one of the mid-sized firms
44、to disappear.The concentration of power among retailers has led to another stage in the shift in power down the food chain. Once upon a time, power lay with landlords. In the 20th century, as processing and distribution became more important, so did the food producers. Lord Haskins, Tony Blairs advi
45、ser on farming, recalls going to food industry conferences in the 1970s, when there would be a line of Rolls-Royces outside, all belonging to producers.Retailer concentration has shifted power (and profits) further down the food chainNo longer. Retailer concentration has shifted power (and profits)
46、further down the food chain. But the retailers are not the type to swank around in flash cars. They are ostentatiously parsimonious, advertising their determination to keep prices down. Wal-Marts headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas, is in a converted warehouse. Tesco, Britains biggest private-sect
47、or employer, has its headquarters in a Stalinist bunker in a nasty bit of north-east London. Beside the main reception its share price is proudly displayed on one of those blackboards with white plastic letters stuck on to it that you see in the cheapest sandwich bars. One of the manifestations of r
48、etailers power (which also reinforces it) is the growth of private-label (ie, supermarket- not producer-branded) goods. In 2002, according to the Boston Consulting Group, own-label made up 39% of grocery sales in Britain, 21% in France and only 16% in the United States, but everybody thinks that, as retailing becomes more concentrated, America is going the way of Britain. Retailers can sell private-label only if the price cuts they offer mean more to consumers than a producers brand. As own-label has expanded, so supermark