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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第十五专题 主谓一致在英语学习中，同学们会逐渐发现随着学习的不断深入，能够充当主语的成分也越来越多，除了常见的名词、代词，还有非谓语、句子等等，那么如何使这些主语和它的谓语动词保持性、数上的一致就成了我们英语学习中的一个重要课题，也是历来高考拟题关注的热点。现总结主谓一致的几点原则如下：就近原则1. 由并列结构或连词（eitheror， neithernor，notbut， not onlybut also， or等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。Neither his parents nor Tom is at home. Tom和他的父母
2、都不在家。Are neither his parents nor Tom at home? Tom和他的父母都不在家吗？【Note：“eitheror, neithernor, or”连接的两个主语若是一单一复，最好将复数主词放在后面而接复数动词。】2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。 There is a book and some pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。There comes the bus. 汽车来了。3. 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。I know the man w
3、ho is talking to my father.我认识那个正在和我父亲谈话的人。4. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。It is Marys brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。意义一致原则1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with， no less than，besides，except， but， including等短语时，谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致。I, along wi
4、th my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我，还有我姐姐，打算下个月去上海。Tom, as well as his wife and children, is going to visit China.2. 英语中有一类单复数同型的词（aircraft，means，sheep，deer，fish等），其单复数取决于它在句中的含义。All the possible means have been tried to deal with the urgency.Every possible means has been tried to deal
5、with the urgency.3. 多数情况下，由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。What I want to say is just Take care! 我只想说：“多保重！”4. 当主语与all， none， any，some等不定代词、形容词连用时，应根据具体句意，来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天完他告诉我的。The helicopter flights are the only means to save
6、 the people trapped in the mountains.5. “+ (of) +名词”结构描述数量时，如果“of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。80% of the cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。The population of the city is very large.30% of the popu
7、lation in this city are from Europe.【当population前有百分数或几分之几修饰时，谓语动词多用复数形式】6. 词组“a number of， a great/good many， a group of +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时，谓语动词应用复数；如果冠词a变为the，则谓语动词用单数。A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。7
8、. 英语的集体名词（committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union等词），指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候，我家很穷。My family are all looking forward for your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来。整体原则1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Whe
9、n to leave has not been decided.什么时候离开还没有定下来。Going shopping on Sunday is one of his habits.周日购物是他的一个习惯。Note：如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。What he said and what he did were always different.他所说的和他所做的总是不一样。When to leave and where to go havent been decided. 2. 如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时，谓语动词须用单数。The novelis
10、t and poet is going to Europe next year. 这位小说家兼诗人打算明年去欧洲。The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next year. 小说家和诗人都打算明年去欧洲。分析：a)句中小说家和诗人the novelist and poet为同一个人，故谓语动词用单数；而b)句中有两个人，一个是小说家the novelist，另一个是诗人the poet。3. 专用名词，如：书名、剧名、报刊名、国家（组织）名等，通常作单数用。 The United States was found in 1776.美国成立于
11、1776年。4. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数。10 minutes is enough.十分钟足够了。5.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。例句：2 times 3 makes 6. 二乘三等于六。个体原则1. and连结的两个或多个主语前如果有each, every, no, many a 等修饰语时（后面的一个有时也可省略），后面的谓语动词用单数形式。Every man and every woman is busy working.每个人都在忙着工作。 Many a teacher and many a student is presen
12、t at the meeting.2. 英语句中的each， either， neither等词，既可作代词充当主语，又可作形容词修饰主语，这时的谓语动词通常用单数。Neither of us has been abroad. 我们谁都没出过国。3. 由some, any, every, no构成的复合词（somebody，nobody，everything，anything等）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在学校门口等你。4. many a / more than one + 单数名词，一般接单数谓
13、语动词。例句：Many a man does not understand Einsteins relativity.许多人不明白爱因斯坦的相对论。5. “one and a half + 复数名词”作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。One and a half hours has passed. 一个半小时过去了。6. 成双成对出现的复数名词（glasses， scissors， shoes，trousers，pants，gloves，stockings等）作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数，但如果前面有a /the pair of；a /the suit of等词语时，则谓语动词要用单数。A pair
14、 of scissors is a useful tool for a dressmaker. 剪刀是裁缝的重要工具。7. 以“-s”结尾的“复数”名词（例如；一些学科名词mathematics，physics，politics等），或以“-s”结尾的地点名词、人名等词后面的谓语动词通常用单数。Mathematics is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜欢的科目。【说练就练】1. The old _well looked after by the government in China.A. is B. are C. has been D. was2. The secre
15、tary and manager _very busy now.A. is B. are C. was D. were3. Both the secretary and the manager _agreed to attend the meeting.A. has B. have C. are D. was4. Tom, as well as two of his classmates _invited to the party.A. was B. were C. have been D. had been 5. Either you or I _going to the teachers
16、office after class.A. am B. is C. are D. will 6. Most of his spare time _spent in reading.A. are B. were C. was D. have been 7. This is one of the best novels that _appeared this year.A. have been B. has C. had been D. have 8. Ten thousand dollars _quite a large sum.A. are B. is C. were D. have9. Ab
17、out 20 percent of the work _done yesterday.A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. Mr. Smith, together with his children, _arrived.A. are B. has C. is D. have 11. It _I who _leaving for London.A. isis B. amis C. isam D. amam12. Not only Tom but also his wife _fond of watching television.A. are B. were C. be
18、 D. is 13. When and where to build the new factory _yet.A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided14. Although the first part of the book is easy, the rest _.A. are difficult B. has proved difficult C. is supposed difficult D. have been found difficult15. That they w
19、ere wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all.A. is B. was C. are D. were 16. Half of his goods _ stolen the other day.A. are B. were C. is D. was17. Mathematics _the language of science.A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 18. Each of the students _ a Chinese-English dictionary.A. have B.
20、 has C. there is D. there are 19. They each _ a beautiful handkerchief.A. have B. has C. there is D. there are20. Between the two rows of trees _the teaching building.A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are 21. This pair of shoes _made in Nanjing.A. is B. are C. have been D. had been22. No one except
21、my parents _anything about it.A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. have known23. A number of students _from the south. A. are B. is C. have D. has24. The number of students from the north _small.A. are B. is C. have D. has 25. Writing stories and articles _what I enjoy most.A. is B. are C. was D. were
22、26. His “Selected Poems” _first published in 1965.A. were B. was C. has been D. are27. Miss Smith is a friend of _. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers28. A good deal of money _spent on books.A. have B. has C. have been D. has been29. On the wall _ two large portraits
23、.A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging30. _turn green in spring. A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves31. Father went to his doctor for _about his heart trouble.A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices32. All but one _here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. were33. The number of people invit
24、ed _fifty, but a number of them _absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 34. The air in big cities _very dirty by factories.A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often made 35. Nobody _to smoke in the cinema.A. allows B. allow C. is all
25、owed D. are allowed36. The Chinese people _hard-working and brave.A. are B. is C. has been D. are being 37. _can be done _been done.A. All; have B. All that; have C. All; has D. All that; has 38. John has two brothers, but either _out of work now.A. are B. is C. has D. have 39. The police _the murde
26、rer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching for B. were searching for C. are searching for D. were searching40. Apples of this kind _.A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well41. Your trousers _dirty, you must have _washed.A. is; it B. are; it C. are; them D
27、. is; them42. Where _rubbish, there are flies.A. there are B. there is C. is D. there has43. The Olympic Games _held every _years.A. is; four B. are; four C. is; five D. are; five44. Many a man _ come to help us. A. have B. has C. is D. are45. He is the only one of the students who _elected. A. are
28、B. have C. has D. is46. Three-fourths of the homework _today.A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished 47. Those who _ in _compositions, please hand them in this afternoon.A. hasnt handed; his B. havent handed; theirC. has handed; their D. have handed; his48. Jane i
29、s one of the best students in her class who _by their teacher.A. are praised B. is praised C. praised D. praising49. The whole class _the teacher attentively.A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening50. The United States of America _one of the most developed countries in the world. A. is B. are C. was D. wereKEY: 1-5 BABAA 6-10 CDBDB 11-15 CDABA 16-20 BCBAB 21-25 ABABA 26-30 BADBD 31-35 BDCBC 36-40 ADBBC 41-45 CBBBD 46-50 BBAAA专心-专注-专业