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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上外文文献原稿和译文原稿IntroductionInfrared remote control system is mainly composed by the remote control transmitter, integrated receiver head, microcontroller, interface circuit shown in Figure 1. The remote control is used to generate the remote encoder pulse drive infrared emission control out
2、put of the infrared remote control signal, the remote control receiver on the remote control signal amplification, detection, shaping, demodulation remote encoder pulse. The remote control encoder pulse is a serial binary code for the infrared remote control system, the serial code input to the micr
3、ocontroller, its internal CPU instruction decode on the remote control, and perform remote control functions. Using the remote control as the input of the control system, we need to address the following key questions: how to receive the infrared remote control signal; how to identify the infrared r
4、emote control signal, and decoding software design, design of control procedures.SCM historySCM was born in 1971, has gone through three major phases of the SCM, the MCU SoC.It consists of computing device, controller, memory, input output devices.Its full name is a single-chip microcomputer, is typ
5、ical of embedded micro-controller (Microcontroller Unit), the commonly used letters of the abbreviation MCU single-chip, and it was first used in the field of industrial control.Master microcontroller technology to enable more people in the industry, students, enthusiasts, product developers, the qu
6、estion arose due to the extensive application of SCM in the field of industrial control, microcontroller development board, the more famous such as e-DZR-01A microcontroller development board.Microcontroller chip dedicated processor developed from the CPU.The first design concept by a large number o
7、f peripherals and CPU integrated in a single chip, the computer system is smaller, more easily integrated into complex and require strict control equipment on the volume.Single-chip, also known as single-chip microcontroller, it is not the completion of a logical function of the chip, but a computer
8、 system integrated onto one chip.Equivalent to a mini-computer and computer, microcontroller only the lack of I / O devices.SCM rely on the program is running, and can be modified.Different functions through different programs, especially the special unique function, which is the other devices requi
9、re much effort to do, while others make great efforts it is difficult to do.A not very complex functions using pure hardware to get the words of the 1950s developed 74 series, or 60 during the CD4000 series, the circuit must be a big PCB board!If successful on the market in the United States in the
10、1970s series of microcontrollers, the result will be different!Just because a program written by the MCU through you can achieve high intelligence, high efficiency and high reliability! Microcontroller for cost sensitive, so accounting for the dominance of the software or the lowest level assembly l
11、anguage, which is the lowest level than binary machine code language, since such low-level why use it?A lot of high-level language has reached a level of visual programming, why not?The reason is simple, is the microcontroller does not have a home computer as the CPU, also not as hard as mass storag
12、e devices.A visual high-level language to write small programs inside even if there is only one button, will reach tens of K of size!Nothing in terms of home PCs hard drive, but for SCM in terms of is not acceptable.SCM in the utilization of hardware resources must be high, so the compilation of the
13、 original while still in heavy use.The same reason, if the computer giants operating system and application software to get home PC run up to the home PC can not afford. It can be said that the twentieth century across the three power era of the electrical era, the electronic age and has now entered
14、 the computer age.However, such a computer, usually refers to a personal computer, or PC.It is by the host, keyboard, monitor, and so on.Another type of computer, not how most people are familiar with.This computer is smart to give a variety of mechanical microcontroller (also known as micro-control
15、ler).The name suggests, the smallest of this computer system using only one IC to make a simple calculation and control.Because of its small, usually hidden in a controlled mechanical stomach.Throughout the device, it plays like the role of the human mind, it is wrong, the entire device was paralyze
16、d.Now, this single chip field of use has a very wide, such as smart meters, real-time industrial control, communications equipment, navigation systems, home appliances and so on.A variety of products using the SCM, you can play the effect of product upgrades, often preceded by an adjective in front
17、of the product name - smart, such as smart washing machines.Some factories or other amateur electronics developers to engage in out of certain products, not the circuit is too complicated, too simple and can easily be imitation.The reason may be stuck in the product does not use a microcontroller or
18、 other programmable logic devices.Microcontroller applications MCU to infiltrate all areas of life, almost difficult to find which areas of the microcontroller trail.Navigation device of the missile, aircraft, various instrument control, computer network communications and data transmission, industr
19、ial automation and process real-time control and data processing, widely used smart card IC, civil luxury car security system, VCR,cameras, the control of automatic washing machines, and program-controlled toys, electronic pets, etc., which are inseparable from the microcontroller.Not to mention the
20、 field of automatic control, robotics, intelligent instruments, medical equipment.Therefore, the learning, development and application of the SCM will create a number of computer applications and intelligent control of the scientists, engineers. The microcontroller is widely used in the field of ins
21、trumentation, home appliances, medical equipment, aerospace, equipment for the intelligent management and process control, generally can be divided into the following categories: 1. On smart instrumentation The microcontroller has a small size, low power consumption, and control functions, and expan
22、sion of the advantages of flexibility, miniaturization and easy to use, widely used in instrumentation, combined with different types of sensors can be realized such as voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature,flow, speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, elements, pressure and other phys
23、ical measurement.SCM makes the digital instrumentation, intelligent, miniaturization and more powerful function than the use of electronic or digital circuits.Such as precision measuring equipment (power meter, oscilloscope, analyzer). 2.In industrial control applications MCU can constitute various
24、forms of control systems, data acquisition systems.Such as factory assembly line of intelligent pipe 3.in Household Appliances It can be said of home appliances is basically using the MCU control, electric rice praise, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, color TVs, and other audio vid
25、eo equipment, then the electronic weighing equipment, varied, omnipresent.4.in the field of computer networks and communication Modern microcontroller with universal communication interface can be easily and computer data communications, provides excellent material for use in computer networks and c
26、ommunication devices, communication equipment basically to the MCU intelligent control from themobile phones, telephones, small program-controlled switchboards, building automated communications call systems, train radio communications, and then to the ubiquitous mobile phones in their daily work, t
27、runking mobile communication radios. 5.Chip in the field of medical equipment The microcontroller uses in medical devices is also quite extensive, such as medical ventilator, a variety of analyzers, monitors, ultrasound diagnostic equipment and hospital beds call system and so on. 6.Modular applicat
28、ions in a variety of large appliances Some dedicated microcontroller designed for specific functions, modular applications in a variety of circuit, without requiring the use of personnel to understand its internal structure.Integrated single-chip, such as music, seemingly simple function, miniature
29、pure electronic chip (as opposed to the principle of the tape drive), you need a complex similar to the principle of the computer.Such as: the music signal in digital form in memory (similar to the ROM), read by the microcontroller into analog music signal (similar to the sound card). In large circu
30、its, this modular application greatly reduce the size, simplifying the circuit, reducing the damage, error rate, is also convenient to replace. 7.Chip in the field of automotive equipment The microcontroller is widely used in automotive electronics, such as automotive engine controllers, intelligent
31、 electronic controller based on CAN bus automotive engine, GPS navigation system, abs anti-lock systems, braking systems, etc. In addition, the microcontroller business, finance, scientific research, education, defense, aerospace and other fields has a very wide range of applications, microcontrolle
32、r development prospects are very objective. Speaking in general terms: the MCUs small size, light weight, inexpensive, and provide favorable conditions for learning, application and development.At the same time, learning to use the microcontroller is the best choice for the understanding of computer
33、 theory and structure.SCM is the best choice for people to study and application of related technologies.Master chip AT89S51 The AT89S51 ATMEL Corporation in the United States low-power, high-performance CMOS8 bit microcontroller, on-chip containing 4k bytes of system programming of flash read-only
34、program memory, the device using ATMEL high density nonvolatile memory technology to produce compatiblestandard 8051 instruction set and pin.It combines the Flash program memory can Programming (ISP) can also be used the traditional method of programming and general-purpose 8-bit microprocessor on a
35、 single chip.Features Overview AT89S51 provides the following standard features: 4k bytes of Flash flash memory, 128 bytes of internal RAM, 32 I / O port lines, Watchdog Timer (WDT), two data pointers, two 16-bit timer / counters, a fivetwo vector interrupt structure, a full duplex serial port, on-c
36、hip oscillator and clock circuitry., AT89S51 can be reduced to the 0Hz static logic operation, and supports two software selectable power saving modes.Free way to stop the CPU, but allows the RAM, timer / counters, serial communication port and interrupt system to continue to work.The power down mod
37、e to save the contents of RAM, but the oscillator is stopped and prohibited all other parts of the work until the next hardware reset. In view of the subject requirements, the AT89S51 chip to achieve the purpose of more convenient, fast and comprehensive.译文介绍红外遥控系统主要由遥控发射器、一体化接收头、单片机、接口电路组成，如图一所示。遥控
38、器用来产生遥控编码脉冲，驱动红外发射管输出红外遥控信号，遥控接收头完成对遥控信号的放大、检波、整形、解调出遥控编码脉冲。遥控编码脉冲是一组串行二进制码，对于一般的红外遥控系统，此串行码输入到微控制器，由其内部CPU完成对遥控指令解码，并执行相应的遥控功能。使用遥控器作为控制系统的输入，需要解决如下几个关键问题：如何接收红外遥控信号；如何识别红外遥控信号以及解码电路的设计、控制程序的设计。在本片文章中我们主要介绍单片机以及主选芯片的介绍。单片机芯片单片机诞生于1971年，经历了SCM、MCU、SOC三大阶段。它由运算器,控制器,存储器,输入输出设备构成。它的全称是单片微型计算机，是典型的嵌入式微
39、控制器（Microcontroller Unit），常用英文字母的缩写MCU表示单片机，它最早是被用在工业控制领域。由于单片机在工业控制领域的广泛应用，为使更多的业内人士、学生、爱好者，产品开发人员掌握单片机这门技术，于是产生单片机开发板，比较有名的例如电子人DZR-01A单片机开发板。单片机由芯片内有CPU的专用处理器发展而来。最早的设计理念是通过将大量外围设备和CPU集成在一个芯片中，使计算机系统更小，更容易集成进复杂的而对体积要求严格的控制设备当中。同时单片机又称单片微控制器，它不是完成某一个逻辑功能的芯片，而是把一个计算机系统集成到一个芯片上。相当于一个微型的计算机，和计算机相比，单片
40、机只缺少了I/O设备。单片机是靠程序运行的，并且可以修改。通过不同的程序实现不同的功能，尤其是特殊的独特的一些功能，这是别的器件需要费很大力气才能做到的，有些则是花大力气也很难做到的。一个不是很复杂的功能要是用美国50年代开发的74系列，或者60年代的CD4000系列这些纯硬件来搞定的话，电路一定是一块大PCB板！但是如果要是用美国70年代成功投放市场的系列单片机，结果就会有天壤之别！只因为单片机的通过你编写的程序可以实现高智能，高效率，以及高可靠性！ 由于单片机对成本是敏感的，所以目前占统治地位的软件还是最低级语言，它是除了二进制机器码以上最低级的语言了，既然这么低级为什么还要用呢？很多高级
41、的语言已经达到了可视化编程的水平为什么不用呢？原因很简单，就是单片机没有家用计算机那样的CPU，也没有像硬盘那样的海量存储设备。一个可视化高级语言编写的小程序里面即使只有一个按钮，也会达到几十K的尺寸！对于家用PC的硬盘来讲没什么，可是对于单片机来讲是不能接受的。 单片机在硬件资源方面的利用率必须很高才行，所以汇编虽然原始却还是在大量使用。一样的道理，如果把巨型计算机上的操作系统和应用软件拿到家用PC上来运行，家用PC的也是承受不了的。 可以说，二十世纪跨越了三个“电”的时代，即电气时代、电子时代和现已进入的电脑时代。不过，这种电脑，通常是指个人计算机，简称PC机。它由主机、键盘、显示器等组成
42、。还有一类计算机，大多数人却不怎么熟悉。这种计算机就是把智能赋予各种机械的单片机（亦称微控制器）。顾名思义，这种计算机的最小系统只用了一片集成电路，即可进行简单运算和控制。因为它体积小，通常都藏在被控机械的“肚子”里。它在整个装置中，起着有如人类头脑的作用，它出了毛病，整个装置就瘫痪了。现在，这种单片机的使用领域已十分广泛，如、实时工控、通讯设备、导航系统、家用电器等。各种产品一旦用上了单片机，就能起到使产品升级换代的功效，常在产品名称前冠以形容词“智能型”，如智能型洗衣机等。现在有些工厂的技术人员或其它业余电子开发者搞出来的某些产品，不是电路太复杂，就是功能太简单且极易被仿制。究其原因，可能
43、就卡在产品未使用单片机或其它可编程逻辑器件上。 单片机的应用领域目前单片机渗透到我们生活的各个领域，几乎很难找到哪个领域没有单片机的踪迹。的导航装置，飞机上各种仪表的控制，计算机的网络通讯与数据传输，工业自动化过程的实时控制和数据处理，广泛使用的各种智能，民用豪华轿车的安全保障系统，、全自动洗衣机的控制，以及程控玩具、电子宠物等等，这些都离不开单片机。更不用说自动控制领域的机器人、智能仪表、医疗器械了。因此，单片机的学习、开发与应用将造就一批计算机应用与智能化控制的科学家、工程师。 单片机广泛应用于仪器仪表、家用电器、医用设备、航空航天、专用设备的智能化管理及过程控制等领域，大致可分如下几个范
44、畴： 1.在仪表上的应用 单片机具有体积小、功耗低、控制功能强、扩展灵活、微型化和使用方便等优点，广泛应用于仪器仪表中，结合不同类型的，可实现诸如电压、频率、湿度、温度、流量、速度、厚度、角度、长度、硬度、元素、压力等物理量的测量。采用单片机控制使得仪器仪表数字化、智能化、微型化，且功能比起采用电子或更加强大。例如精密的测量设备（，各种分析仪）。 2.在工业控制中的应用 用单片机可以构成形式多样的控制系统、数据采集系统。例如工厂流水线的智能化管 3.在家用电器中的应用 可以这样说，现在的家用电器基本上都采用了单片机控制，从电饭褒、洗衣机、电冰箱、空调机、彩电、其他视频器材、再到量设备，五花八门
45、，无所不在。 4.在计算机网络和通信领域中的应用 现代的单片机普遍具备通信接口，可以很方便地与计算机进行数据通信，为在计算机网络和通信设备间的应用提供了极好的物质条件，现在的通信设备基本上都实现了单片机智能控制，从手机，电话机、小型、楼宇自动通信呼叫系统、列车无线通信、再到日常工作中随处可见的移动电话，集群移动通信，对讲机等。 5.单片机在医用设备领域中的应用 单片机在医用设备中的用途亦相当广泛，例如医用呼吸机，各种分析仪，监护仪，超声诊断设备及病床呼叫系统等等。 6.在各种大型电器中的模块化应用 某些专用单片机设计用于实现特定功能，从而在各种电路中进行模块化应用，而不要求使用人员了解其内部结
46、构。如音乐集成单片机，看似简单的功能，微缩在纯电子芯片中（有别于磁带机的原理），就需要复杂的类似于计算机的原理。如：音乐信号以数字的形式存于存储器中（类似于ROM），由微控制器读出，转化为模拟音乐电信号（类似于声卡）。 在大型电路中，这种模块化应用极大地缩小了体积，简化了电路，降低了损坏、错误率，也方便于更换。 7.单片机在汽车设备领域中的应用 单片机在汽车电子中的应用非常广泛，例如汽车中的发动机控制器，基于CAN总线的汽车发动机智能电子控制器，GPS导航系统，abs防抱死系统，制动系统等等。 此外，单片机在工商，金融，科研、教育，国防航空航天等领域都有着十分广泛的用途，所以单片机的发展前景非
47、常客观。 概括的讲：单片机的体积小、质量轻、价格便宜、为学习、应用和开发提供了便利条件。同时，学习使用单片机是了解计算机原理与结构的最佳选择。单片机是人们学习和应用相关技术的最佳选择。主控芯片AT89S51 AT89S51是美国ATMEL公司生产的低功耗，高性能CMOS8位单片机，片内含4k bytes的可系统编程的Flash只读程序存储器,器件采用ATMEL公司的高密度、非易失性存储技术生产，兼容标准8051指令系统及引脚。它集Flash程序存储器既可在线编程（ISP）也可用传统方法进行编程及通用8位微处理器于单片芯片中。功能概述：AT89S51 提供以下标准功能：4k 字节Flash 闪速存储器，128字节内部RAM，32个IO 口线，看门狗（WDT），两个数据指针，两个16 位定时计数器，一个5 向量两级中断结构，一个全双工串行通信口，片内振荡器及时钟电路。同时，AT89S51可降至0Hz的静态逻辑操作，并支持两种软件可选的节电工作模式。空闲方式停止CPU的工作，但允许RAM，定时计数器，串行通信口及中断系统继续工作。掉电方式保存RAM 中的内容，但振荡器停止工作并禁止其它所有部件工作直到下一个硬件复位。鉴于本课题的实现要求，AT89S51芯片对于目的的实现更方便，快捷和全面。 专心-专注-专业