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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高中英语语法通霸1. 冠词的特指、独指和类指指的用法专心-专注-专业考点1. 定冠词的特指用法定冠词的特指用法：非常明确地指出何人或何物，相当于汉语中的“这个/那个；这些/那些”，可以分为前照应特指、后照应特指和语境特指。A. 前照应特指名词带有后置定语来修饰限定这个名词，表明这个名词是特定的某一个。冠词在前面与后面的描述照应。如：This is the book you lent me yesterday. 这就是你昨天借给我的那本书。This is the boy from England. 这就是来自英国的那个男孩。1. 【2015重庆】I just heard
2、_ bank where Dora works was robbed by_ gunman wearing a mask.A. the; / B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the2. 【2014陕西】_ village where I was born has grown into _ town.A. The; a B. A; the C. The; theD. A; aB. 后照应特指第一次提到某物某人时用不定冠词，再次提到该人该物时用定冠词。冠词在后面与前面相照应。如：I bought a book yesterday. The book cost me 20 yuan.
3、3. This is _ egg. _ egg is big.A. a; AB. an; AnC. a; TheD. an; The4. There is _ bridge over there. _ bridge is made of wood.A. the; TheB. a; AC. the; AD. a; TheC. 语境特指不是建立在上下文的照应关系上，而是建立在谈话双方共有的知识上。如：Open the door. 把门打开。Where is the book？那本书在哪里？5. 【2011山东】Take your timeits just _ short distance from
4、 here to _ restaurant. A. /; theB. a; theC. the; aD. /; a6. 【2006北京】I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard.You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer.A. the; / B. the; aC. a; /D. a; a7. 【2008江西】I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting. It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour
5、traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; aB. the; theC. /; /D. /; a考点2. 独指：指世上独一无二的事定冠词的独指用法：世界上独一无二的事物前，要用定冠词。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the sky, the universe, etc.8. We can see _ sun and _ moon in _ picture. A. a; the; theB. the; a; theC. a; the; aD. the; the;
6、the9. Its _ pleasure to see _ sun rising in _ east.A. /; the; /B. a; /; /C. a; the; theD. /; the; the考点3. 类指A. 可数名词表示类指时，有三种情况A horse is a domestic（dmestIk家养的）animal.= The horse is a domestic animal.= Horses are domestic animals.但是这三种类指方法各有侧重：the指的是整个类别，这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的 (多用于谈论发明物和科技问题)。如：The compass
7、 was invented in China, but the computer was not. 罗盘是在中国发明的，但计算机不是。a(n)侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。如：A cat has four legs. 猫有四条腿。不用冠词的复数名词侧重指类别中的许多个体。如：Children usually start walking at around one year old.小孩儿一般一岁左右开始走路。Do you like horses? 你喜欢马吗？(不能说Do you like a horse?)在类指时如何使用冠词要根据所要表达内容的具体情况而定。The tiger is in
8、danger of becoming extinct. 虎有灭绝的危险。(不能说“A tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.”。濒临灭绝指的是整个虎类，而不是任何一只老虎都面临灭绝的危险。)10. _ are very popular with people all over the world, but do you know who was it that invented _ telephone?A. The telephone; / B. Telephone; aC. The telephones; the D. Telephones; the1
9、1. _ trains are faster than _ buses.A. /; /B. The; /C. /; theD. The; a12. 【2012江西】The Smiths dont like staying at _ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.A. /; aB. the; theC. /; the D. the; a13. 【2011全国I】 It is generally accepted that _ boy must learn to stand u
10、p and fight like _ man. A. a; aB. a; theC. the; theD. a; /14. In China, _ car is becoming _ popular means of transportation.A. the; aB. a; /C. the; theD. a; the15. 【2009北京】 The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building.A. the; the B. a; aC.
11、 a; theD. the; a B. 不可数名词泛指时不用冠词，特指时用定冠词Water is a liquid. 水是液体。Music is an art. 音乐是艺术。The water in the bottle goes bad. 瓶子里的那些水变坏了。16. Since he has no sense of _ humor, Im sure he didnt catch _ humor in your remarks. A. /; theB. a; theC. a; /D. the; a17. It is known to all that _ light travels fast
12、er than _ sound. A. /; / B. a; aC. the; theD. the; /18. 【2008湖南】Have you heard _ news？The price of _ petrol is going up again!A. the; the B. /; theC. the; /D. /; /C. 抽象名词前不用冠词可以表示概念在可数名词中，如go to school“去上学”，名词前不用冠词可以表示概念，用冠词则表示具体的某一个，如go to the school“去那所学校（不一定是去上学）”。抽象名词也是这样。如attain independence表达的
13、是“获得独立”这个概念。the常译作“这个/那个；这些/那些”q19. 【2012全国新课标】 Sarah looked at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction. A. /; aB. a; theC. the; /D. the; a20. 【2013新课标I】India attained _ independence in 1947, after _ long struggle.A. /; aB. the; aC. an; /D. an; the考点4. 名词有修饰语时，不一定都是特指I like books with hard covers. 我
14、喜欢精装书。I like the books with hard covers. 我喜欢那些精装书。在第一句中，books是泛指精装书这一类书，是类指。在第二句中，是特指，所以用定冠词。在第一句中，with hard covers是描绘性定语。在第二句中，with hard covers是限制性定语，指的是那些书中精装的那些，而不是别的。因此，名词有后置修饰语时，名词前用什么冠词，还要从特指和类指的角度来考虑。21. 【2000全国】Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless the
15、y kill them for food. A. the; aB. /; aC. the; theD. /; the22. 【2004北京春】On _ news today, there were _ reports of heavy snow in that area. A. the; theB. the; /C. /; /D. /; the23. As a consequence，_ fruits such as peaches and pears are in fact related, although they are different at _ first sight.A. th
16、e; theB. /; theC. /; /D. the; /I. 单句改错1. 【2012全国】To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all out to plant trees because trees will help save water. 2. 【2011全国】One of my unforgettable memories of my school in Xinjiang is that of lunches we brought from our homes. 3. 【2006山东】As you know, I
17、m still buried in books at school you are so familiar with. 4. 【2008全国】Second, I will learn more about history of the Olympics as well as the 2008 Olympic Games. 5. Who invented a computer? I dont know. 6. The meeting is about safety problems, such as how to use the electricity safely. 7. We shouldo
18、bey the traffic rules. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）8. 【2011福建】According to _ (科学家）, doing sport can benefit people a lot mentally as well as physically. 9. 【2008浙江】 Plants and a_, including humans, need food and water to survive. 10. I have to ride _ (自行车) to work, but _ (自行车) you bought yesterday is too small
19、. 11. He was addicted to playing video _ (game), which was why he dropped out of school.12. _ (cell phone) are popular with _ (学生), but they may affect their studies. 13. 【2008重庆】In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation. 14. In _(外国)，living costs are higher. 15.
20、In short, _(书) can provide us with so many things. III. 写作技能提升遇到名词要考虑是特指还是类指16. 水对于我们生活很重要，因此我们要尽我们最大努力来阻止它被污染。（be important to, do our best, prevent from , pollute）17. 我家乡附近那条河里的水已经被严重污染。我们要求政府尽早采取适当的措施来保护它。（be polluted seriously, demand, the government, take appropriate measures, as soon as ）18. 都
21、说老师们过着简朴的生活，但我认为当老师很有意义。（be said to, live a simple life, be a teacher, meaningful）19. 计算机在我们生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。（computer, play a part/role in） 20. 我将乘出租车去医院，因为出租车比公交车快。（take a taxi to, bus） 21. 钱对于我们来说确实很重要，但它并不代表一切。（do matter, be not everything） 22. 在我看来，一个学生应当关心他的学业成绩。（personally, care about, academic
22、 performance）23. 中午的时候在没有任何保护措施的情况下直视太阳对我们的眼睛有害。（be harmful to, look straight at, without any protection）24. 我喜欢门大、窗户大的房子，但是眼前有红屋顶的这一座不是我喜欢的。（house, with big doors and windows, a red roof, not my type）25. 【2015上海】街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区，(street artist; bring; neighborhood)26.答案高中英语语法通霸20161.C2.A3.D4
23、.D5.B6.B7.B8.D9.C10.D11.A12.C13.A14.A15.D16.A17.A18.C19.C20.A21B22.B23.C1. a改为the/this/that；这里的problem应该是特指的。2. lunches前面加the；特指带来的“那些饭”。3. 在school前加the；特指“你熟悉的那所学校”。4. history前加the；特指奥运会的历史。5. a改为the；类指，在科技上，用“the+名词”表特指。6. 去掉electricity前的the；不可数名词不用冠词表特指。7. 去掉the；在这里“交通规则”应该是泛指，不用the。8. scientists
24、；用复数表示泛指。9. animals；用复数表示泛指。10. a bicycle, the bicycle；前面是类指，后面是特指。11. games；game是可数名词，用复数表示泛指。12. Cell phones, students；复数表示泛指。13. the, a；强调这一类与别的区别时，常用“the+名词单数”表类指。means是单复数同形的可数名词，“方式”。14. foreign countries；泛指。15. books；用复数表示泛指。16. Water is important to our life, so we must do our best to preven
25、t it from being polluted.17. The water in the river near my hometown has been polluted seriously. We demand our government take appropriate measures to protect it as soon as possible.18. Teachers are said to live a simple life, but I think being a teacher is meaningful.19. The computer plays a more
26、and more important part/role in our life.或Computers play a more and more important part/role in our life. 20. I will take a taxi to the hospital, for/because taxis are faster than buses.21. Money does matter to us, but it isnt everything.22. Personally, a student should care about his or her academi
27、c performance at school.23. It is harmful to our eyes to look straight at the sun without any protection at noon.24. I like houses with big doors and windows, but the one with a red roof before us is not my type.25. Street artists have brought brilliant colors to old neighborhoods with their creativity.