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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上情态动词精品学案情态动词解读: 本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词。 不能单独作谓语。 和其他动词原形构成谓语。 谓语动词之前。 无人称和数的变化。 否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。 经典例句： We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？ Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？ How dare
2、you treat us like that! 你怎么敢那样对待我们! We cant carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 情态动词考点：1. 情态动词表示推测。2. 情态动词的基本用法。3. 情态动词的答语。常见情态动词：情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词的基本用法：一、 can, could1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）时，等于be able to 。a) C
3、an you lift this heavy box?（体力）b) Are you able to lift this heavy box?c) Mary can speak three languages.（知识）d) Is Mary able to speak three languages?e) Can you skate?（技能）此时可用be able to代替。2) can表示请求和允许。-Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯
4、定句和答语中。（特别注明：这是在表示请求和允许的时候。）- Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. )cant在否定句中可以表示命令，不允许，但是语气比mustnt弱，具有劝慰的意思.3)can表示“有时会”：A kind person can lose temper sometimes.4）表示与五种感官和知觉的动词连用。I can hear/ see you clearly from here. You can imagine how annoyed she was !5）can 与be
5、able to 的区别Can只有一般现在时（can）和一般过去式（could）；而be able to则有更多的时态。Ill not be able to come this afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事(此事一般是一次性的，具体指的是某件事经过努力做成了)”时应用be able to，不能用Can。经典例句：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.He was able to survive the fire because he was brave.经典练
6、习1.(2010全国卷I 29). Just be patient .You_ except the world to change so soon.A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not 3. (2009北京卷) One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.A. need B. must C. should D. can4. Thefirespreadthroughthehot
7、elveryquicklybuteveryone_getout. A.hadto B.would C.could D.wasableto 5.【2012全国卷II】 Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. canB. mightC. wouldD. need（2011四川卷）20. The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _. . A. can B. may C. must D. s
8、hould6、(2006湖南卷)32.Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must7. The biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. (07湖南)
9、A. shant B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt 二、 may, might （非高考重点，考查较少） 1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。-Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt.- May/Might I take this book out of the room?- Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. )用May I.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？在口语
10、中更常见。2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。（May + 主语+动词原形）May you succeed!经典例题：(2010四川卷3). I take the book out? Im afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need三、 must, have to1) 表示“必须”；否定形式mustnt，表示“禁止”。You must come in time. You mustnt tell anyone about thisits a secret. 2) 硬要；偏要If you must drink so much , of course youll fee
11、l sick. 3 ) must 与have to 的区别：must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。dont have to =neednt经典例题：1. (2005全国卷1)26. Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this !A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not 2. (2006浙江卷)19. Could I have a word with you, mum? Oh dear, if you _.
12、 A. can B. must C. may D. should3. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your luggage. (2007北京卷)A. can B. may C. must D. will4. What do you think we can do for our aged parents? You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. (2007重庆卷)A. dont have to B. ou
13、ghtnt to C. mustnt D. cant四 dare, need1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。1 How dare you say Im unfair?2 He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?3 If we dared not go there that day， we couldnt get the beautiful flowers.2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought t
14、o, should代替。1You neednt come so early.2. - Need I finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、数和时态的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。1. I dare to swim across this river.2. He doesnt dare (to) answer.3. He needs to finish
15、his homework today.经典例题：1. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say2. (2011上海卷) 28. I _ worry about my weekendI always have my plans ready before it comes.A. cantB. mustntC. darentD. neednt3.【2012全国】30. I _use a clock to wake me up because at
16、six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt4.【2012天津】8. Its quite warm here; we _ turn the heating on yet.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt 五、 shall1) shall 用于第一、第三人称疑问句，征求对方的意见。经典例句：What shall we do this evening?2) shall 用于第二、三人称陈述句，表示说话人给对
17、方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。经典例句：You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告)He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)He shall be punished.(威胁) 经典例题：1. (2010江苏卷25). I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. m
18、ay 2.（2011陕西卷）24.Will you read me a story ,Mummy? -OK. You_ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A. might B. must C. could D. shall3.【2012辽宁】24. One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.A. might B. could C. shall D. will六、 will, would1) 用于第二人称疑问句表示请求、建议等
19、，would更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。1. I will never do that again.2. They asked him if he would go abroad. 3）will表习惯、倾向或反复发生的动作。如： John will fall asleep in church. 约翰做礼拜时老睡觉。 Gold wont dissolve in hydrochloric acid. 金在盐酸中不溶解。4) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。used
20、to也可表示“过去常常”，不表明现在的情况。1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2. The wound would not heal.经典例题：1. I am busy now, _ my brother do it for you ?A. WillB. ShallC. MustD. May2. Please dont make a noise. _. Ill be as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I wont B. No, I wont C. No, I will D. Yes, I w
21、ill七、 should, ought to1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。1. I should help her because she is in trouble.2. You ought to take care of the baby.2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。1. You should / ought to go to class right away.2. Should I open the window?经典例题：1. What do
22、 you think we can do for our aged parents? You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. (2007重庆卷)A. dont have to B. oughtnt to C. mustnt D. cant2.(2008上海卷)29. According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should3. (2009四川卷)
23、 I dont care what people think. Well, you _. A. could B. would C. should D. might八情态动词表示推测情态动词对现在对将来对过去陈述句肯定的推测（ must ）VVhave done/been陈述句否定的推测（cant/ couldnt）VVhave done/been陈述句可能的推测（may/might/could/should）VVhave done/been疑问句的推测（ can/could ）VVhave done/been经典例句：1) -Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking
24、 after supper?-Sure. She must be walking around the campus now.2) It must have rained last night for it was wet in the street. 3) She cant be serious about it.4) What can they mean by saying that?5) The room is in such a terrible mess. It cant have been cleaned as the landlady said. 6) He could be v
25、ery naughty when he was a child.7) In those days, a lot of scientists thought that the sun could go around the earth.8) Its nearly seven oclock, Jack should be here at any moment.突破方法： 1.体会推测的内涵，熟记各情态动词的词义。2.确定所推测动作发生的时间。经典例题：1. ( 2005北京卷)26. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be en
26、joying himself by the seaside. A. shouldB. mustC. wouldntD. cant2. (2005广东卷)33. Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. It _ Harrys. He always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be3. (2005湖北卷)32. Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. Well . He hav
27、e gone far his coats still here.A. shouldntB. mustnt C. cantD. wouldnt4. (2005江西卷)22. Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? Something _ to him.A. must happenB. should have happenedC. could have happened D. must have happened5. (2005上海卷)27. There _ be any difficulty about passing the ro
28、ad test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.A. mustnt B. shantC. shouldntD. neednt6. Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. You it in the wrong place. (2007江西卷) A. must put B. should have put C .might put D. might have put7.(2010辽宁卷26). Doctors say that exercise
29、 is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise.A. can B. will C. must D. may8.（2011北京卷）24. - I dont really like James. Why did you invite him? - Dont worry. He _ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. A. must notB. need notC. would notD. might not9.【2012全国】30. I _use a clock to
30、wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt10.【2012辽宁】24. One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.A. might B. could C. shall D. will11. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow a
31、fternoon. They _ be ready by 12:00.A. can B. should C. might D. need12. A(2006全国卷I)24. Theres no light on they_ be at home. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt13. (2006天津卷)11. We _ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. A. neednt B. ma
32、y not C. shouldnt D. mustnt九“情态动词+have done”用法情态动词+have done用法例句must have done表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必，准是，一定做了某事”1 She must have gone through a lot.2 He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States.may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经（没有）“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用might
33、则表示语气更加不肯定。1 You may have learnt the news.2 He may not have heard his name called.3 Sorry Im late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.canhave donecannot have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。（can换成could时语气委婉）1 Where can she have gone?2 Could he have done such a fo
34、olish thing?3 The boy cant have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.could have done可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经”之意，此外，还可以表示过去能做而没做的事，有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。1 He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.2 You could have been more considerate.3 You could have done be
35、tter, but you were too careless.might have done表示“本来可能，但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1 You should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.2 He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.should/ought to have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。1 H
36、e should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.2 You shouldnt have done it so carelessly.3 You ought to have returned the book earlier.neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意：didnt need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”1 You neednt have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.2 I didnt n
37、eed to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home.had better have done用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done表示相反的含义。1 You had better have started earlier.2 You had better not have scolded her.would rather have done表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have done表示相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。1I wo
38、uld rather have taken his advice.2I would rather not have told him the truth.经典例题：1. (2005山东卷)34. He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A. couldB. wouldC. mustD. need2. (2005辽宁卷)26. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it.A. should putB. could have putC. might putD. must have
39、put3. (2006江西卷)24. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have taken C. neednt have taken D, mustnt have taken4. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where I have put it? (2007福建卷)A.can B.must C.should D.would5. I told your f
40、riend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there. (2007陕西卷)A.could B.must C.might D.should6. (2008辽宁卷)22. Peter _ be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A. shallB. shouldC. canD. must7. (2009江苏卷)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _
41、it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed8.【2012江西】22. We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.A. may not B. neednt C. cant D. mustnt 十.情态动词的答语：1) 表示请求和允许。-Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 此时可与may互换。在
42、疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。（特别注明：这是在表示请求和允许的时候。）- Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. )2) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。-Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt.- May/Might I take this book out of the roo