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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上敏而好学，不耻下问。He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors.十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honourable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning.知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。They who kno
2、w the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it.学如不及，犹恐失之。Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it. 子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁！” The Master said, Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seld
3、om associated with true virtue.子曰：“弟子，入则孝，出则弟，谨而信，凡爱众，而亲仁。行有余力，则以学文。”The Master said, A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the good. When he has time and o
4、pportunity, after the performance of these things, he should employ them in polite studies. 子夏曰：“贤贤易色；事父母，能竭其力；事君，能致其身；于朋友交，言而有信。虽曰未学，吾必谓之学矣。”Tsze-hsia said, If a man withdraws his mind from the love of beauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous; if, in serving his parents, he c
5、an exert his utmost strength; if, in serving his prince, he can devote his life; if, in his intercourse with his friends, his words are sincere:-although men say that he has not learned, I will certainly say that he has. 曾子曰：“慎终，追远，民德归厚矣。”The philosopher Tsang said, Let there be a careful attention
6、to perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice;-then the virtue of the people will resume its proper excellence. 子贡曰：“贫而无谄，富而无骄，何如？”子曰：“可也；未若贫而乐，富而好礼者也。”子贡曰：“诗云：如切如磋，如琢如磨，其斯之谓与？”子曰：“赐也，始可与言诗已矣，告诸往而知来者。”Tsze-kung said, What do you pro
7、nounce concerning the poor man who yet does not flatter, and the rich man who is not proud? The Master replied, They will do; but they are not equal to him, who, though poor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who, though rich, loves the rules of propriety.Tsze-kung replied, It is said in the Book of Poet
8、ry, As you cut and then file, as you carve and then polish.-The meaning is the same, I apprehend, as that which you have just expressed.The Master said, With one like Tsze, I can begin to talk about the odes. I told him one point, and he knew its proper sequence. 子曰：“诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。”The Master said
9、, In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence Having no depraved thoughts. 孔子谓季氏，“八佾舞於庭，是可忍也，孰不可忍也？”Confucius said of the head of the Chi family, who had eight rows of pantomimes in his area, If he can bear to do this, what may he not be
10、ar to do? 子入太庙，每事问。或曰：“孰谓鄹人之子知礼乎？入太庙，每事问。”子闻之，曰：“是礼也。”The Master, when he entered the grand temple, asked about everything. Some one said, Who say that the son of the man of Tsau knows the rules of propriety! He has entered the grand temple and asks about everything. The Master heard the remark, and
11、 said, This is a rule of propriety. 子曰：“事君尽礼，人以为谄也。”The Master said, The full observance of the rules of propriety in serving ones prince is accounted by people to be flattery. 子曰：“关雎，乐而不淫，哀而不伤。”The Master said, The Kwan Tsu is expressive of enjoyment without being licentious, and of grief without b
12、eing hurtfully excessive. 子谓韶，“尽美矣，又尽善也。”谓武，“尽美矣，未尽善也。”The Master said of the Shao that it was perfectly beautiful and also perfectly good. He said of the Wu that it was perfectly beautiful but not perfectly good. 子曰：“唯仁者能好人，能恶人。”The Master said, It is only the truly virtuous man, who can love, or w
13、ho can hate, others. 子曰：“苟志於仁矣，无恶也。”The Master said, If the will be set on virtue, there will be no practice of wickedness. 子曰：“君子怀德，小人怀土；君子怀刑，小人怀惠。”The Master said, The superior man thinks of virtue; the small man thinks of comfort. The superior man thinks of the sanctions of law; the small man thi
14、nks of favors which he may receive. 子曰：“放於利而行，多怨。”The Master said: He who acts with a constant view to his own advantage will be much murmured against. 子曰：“不患无位，患所以立。不患莫己知，求为可知也。” The Master said, A man should say, I am not concerned that I have no place, I am concerned how I may fit myself for one.
15、 I am not concerned that I am not known, I seek to be worthy to be known. 子曰：“见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。”The Master said, When we see men of worth, we should think of equaling them; when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves.子曰：“父母在，不远游，游必有方。”The Master said, While hi
16、s parents are alive, the son may not go abroad to a distance. If he does go abroad, he must have a fixed place to which he goes. 子曰：“三年无改於父之道，可谓孝矣。”The Master said, If the son for three years does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial. 子曰：“父母之年，不可不知也。一则以喜，一则以惧。”The Master sai
17、d, The years of parents may by no means not be kept in the memory, as an occasion at once for joy and for fear. 子曰：“德不孤，必有邻。”The Master said, Virtue is not left to stand alone. He who practices it will have neighbors. 宰予昼寝。子曰：“朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙不可（木亏）也；於予与何诛？”子曰：“始吾於人也，听其言而信其行；今吾於人也，听其言而观其行。於予与改是。”Tsai Yu
18、being asleep during the daytime, the Master said, Rotten wood cannot be carved; a wall of dirty earth will not receive the trowel. This Yu,-what is the use of my reproving him? The Master said, At first, my way with men was to hear their words, and give them credit for their conduct. Now my way is t
19、o hear their words, and look at their conduct. It is from Yu that I have learned to make this change. 子贡问曰：“孔文子何以谓之文也？”子曰：“敏而好学，不耻下问，是谓之文也。”Tsze-kung asked, saying, On what ground did Kung-wan get that title of Wan? The Master said, He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not
20、 ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors!-On these grounds he has been styled Wan. 季文子三思而后行。子闻之，曰：“再，斯可矣。” Chi Wan thought thrice, and then acted. When the Master was informed of it, he said, Twice may do. 子在陈，曰：“归与！归与！吾党之小子狂简，斐然成章，不知所以裁之。”When the Master was in Chan, he said, Let me return! Let m
21、e return! The little children of my school are ambitious and too hasty. They are accomplished and complete so far, but they do not know how to restrict and shape themselves. 子曰：“人之生也直，罔之生也幸而免。”The Master said, Man is born for uprightness. If a man lose his uprightness, and yet live, his escape from
22、death is the effect of mere good fortune. 子曰：“知者乐水，仁者乐山。知者动，仁者静。知者乐，仁者寿。”The Master said, The wise find pleasure in water; the virtuous find pleasure in hills. The wise are active; the virtuous are tranquil. The wise are joyful; the virtuous are long-lived. 子曰：“述而不作，信而好古，盗比於我老彭。”The Master said, A t
23、ransmitter and not a maker, believing in and loving the ancients, I venture to compare myself with our old Pang. 子曰：“德之不修，学之不讲，闻义不能从，不善不能改，是吾忧也。”The Master said, The leaving virtue without proper cultivation; the not thoroughly discussing what is learned; not being able to move towards righteousness
24、 of which a knowledge is gained; and not being able to change what is not good:-these are the things which occasion me solicitude. 子之燕居，申申如也，夭夭如也。”When the Master was unoccupied with business, his manner was easy, and he looked pleased. 子曰：“不愤不咎，不悱不发。举一隅不以三隅反，则不复也。”The Master said, I do not open up
25、the truth to one who is not eager to get knowledge, nor help out any one who is not anxious to explain himself. When I have presented one corner of a subject to any one, and he cannot from it learn the other three, I do not repeat my lesson. 子曰：“富而可求也，谁执鞭之士，吾亦为之。如不可求，从吾所好。”The Master said, If the se
26、arch for riches is sure to be successful, though I should become a groom with whip in hand to get them, I will do so. As the search may not be successful, I will follow after that which I love. 子在齐闻韶，三月不知肉味，曰：“不图为乐之至於斯也。”When the Master was in Chi, he heard the Shao, and for three months did not kno
27、w the taste of flesh. I did not think he said, that music could have been made so excellent as this. 子曰：“饭疏食饮水，曲肱而枕之，乐亦在其中矣。不义而富且贵，於我如浮云。”The Master said, With coarse rice to eat, with water to drink, and my bended arm for a pillow;-I have still joy in the midst of these things. Riches and honors ac
28、quired by unrighteousness, are to me as a floating cloud. 子曰：“加我数年，五十以学易，可以无大过矣。”The Master said, If some years were added to my life, I would give fifty to the study of the Yi, and then I might come to be without great faults. 子所雅言，诗、书、执礼，皆雅言也。The Masters frequent themes of discourse were-the Odes,
29、 the History, and the maintenance of the Rules of Propriety. On all these he frequently discoursed. 子以四教：文，行，忠，信。There were four things which the Master taught,-letters, ethics, devotion of soul, and truthfulness. 子曰：“盖有不知而作之者，我无是也。多闻，择其善者而从之；多见而识之；知之次也。”The Master said, There may be those who act w
30、ithout knowing why. I do not do so. Hearing much and selecting what is good and following it; seeing much and keeping it in memory: this is the second style of knowledge. 子曰：“仁远乎哉？我欲仁，斯仁至矣。”The Master said, Is virtue a thing remote? I wish to be virtuous, and lo! virtue is at hand. 子温而厉，威而不猛，恭而安。 Th
31、e Master was mild, and yet dignified; majestic, and yet not fierce; respectful, and yet easy.8.3曾子有疾，召门弟子曰：启予足！启予手！诗云：【战战兢兢，如临深渊，如履薄冰。】而今而後，吾知免夫！小子！ The philosopher Tsang being ill, he cared to him the disciples of his school, and said, Uncover my feet, uncover my hands. It is said in the Book of Po
32、etry, We should be apprehensive and cautious, as if on the brink of a deep gulf, as if treading on thin ice, I and so have I been. Now and hereafter, I know my escape from all injury to my person. O ye, my little children.8.4曾子有疾，孟敬子问之。曾子言曰：鸟之将死，其鸣也哀；人之将死，其言也善。君子所贵乎道者三：动容貌，斯远暴慢矣；正颜色，斯近信笑；出辞气，斯远鄙倍矣。笾
33、豆之事，则有司存。 The philosopher Tsang being ill, Meng Chang went to ask how he was. Tsang said to him, When a bird is about to die, its notes are mournful; when a man is about to die, his words are good. There are three principles of conduct which the man of high rank should consider specially important:-
34、that in his deportment and manner he keep from violence and heedlessness; that in regulating his countenance he keep near to sincerity; and that in his words and tones he keep far from lowness and impropriety. As to such matters as attending to the sacrificial vessels, there are the proper officers
35、for them.8.7曾子曰：“士，不可以不弘毅，任重而道远。仁以为己任，不亦重乎，死而後已，不亦远乎。”The philosopher Tsang said, The officer may not be without breadth of mind and vigorous endurance. His burden is heavy and his course is long. Perfect virtue is the burden which he considers it is his to sustain;-is it not heavy? Only with death
36、does his course stop;-is it not long?8.14子曰：“不在其位，不谋其政。” The Master said, He who is not in any particular office has nothing to do with plans for the administration of its duties.8.15子曰：“师挚之始，关睢之乱，洋洋乎盈耳哉。”The Master said, When the music master Chih first entered on his office, the finish of the Kwan
37、 Tsu was magnificent;-how it filled the ears!8.17子曰：“学如不及，犹恐失之。” The Master said, Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.9.4子绝四，毋意，毋必，毋固，毋我。 There were four things from which the Master was entirely free. He had no foregone conclusions, no a
38、rbitrary predeterminations, no obstinacy, and no egoism.9.8子曰：吾有知乎哉？无知也。有鄙夫问於我，空空如也；我叩其两端而竭焉。 The Master said, Am I indeed possessed of knowledge? I am not knowing. But if a mean person, who appears quite empty-like, ask anything of me, I set it forth from one end to the other, and exhaust it.9.14子欲
39、居九夷。或曰：“陋，如之何？”子曰：“君子居之，何陋之有！” The Master was wishing to go and live among the nine wild tribes of the east. Some one said, They are rude. How can you do such a thing? The Master said, If a superior man dwelt among them, what rudeness would there be?9.15子曰：“吾自卫反鲁，然後乐正，雅颂，各得其所。” The Master said, I re
40、turned from Wei to Lu, and then the music was reformed, and the pieces in the Royal songs and Praise songs all found their proper places.9.17子在川上曰：“逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。” The Master standing by a stream, said, It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or night!9.23子曰：“後生可畏，焉知来者之不如今也？四十五十而无闻焉，斯亦不足畏也已！” The
41、Master said, A youth is to be regarded with respect. How do we know that his future will not be equal to our present? If he reach the age of forty or fifty, and has not made himself heard of, then indeed he will not be worth being regarded with respect.9.25子曰：“主忠信。毋友不如己者。过，则勿惮改。” The Master said, Ho
42、ld faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. Have no friends not equal to yourself. When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them.9.28子曰：“岁寒，然後知松柏之後雕也。”The Master said, When the year becomes cold, then we know how the pine and the cypress are the last to lose their leaves.9.29子曰：“知者不惑；仁者不忧
43、；勇者不惧。”The Master said, The wise are free from perplexities; the virtuous from anxiety; and the bold from fear. 食不语，寝不言。 When eating, he did not converse. When in bed, he did not speak.10.8席不正不坐。If his mat was not straight, he did not sit on it.10.14入太庙，每事问。When he entered the ancestral temple of th
44、e state, he asked about everything.迅雷，风烈必变。. On a sudden clap of thunder, or a violent wind, he would change countenance. “不言，言必有中。”The Master said, This man seldom speaks; when he does, he is sure to hit the point. 11.16子贡问：“师与商也孰贤？”子曰：“师也过，商也不及。”曰：“然则师愈与？”子曰：“过犹不及。”Tsze-kung asked which of the two
45、, Shih or Shang, was the superior. The Master said, Shih goes beyond the due mean, and Shang does not come up to it. Then, said Tsze-kung, the superiority is with Shih, I suppose. The Master said, To go beyond is as wrong as to fall short.赤也为之小，孰能为之大！If Chih were to be a small assistant in these ser
46、vices, who could be a great one? 12.1颜渊问“仁”。子曰：“克己复礼，为仁。一日克己复礼，天下归仁焉。为仁由己，而由仁乎哉？”颜渊曰：“请问其目？”子曰：“非礼勿视，非礼勿听，非礼勿言，非礼勿动。yen yuan asked about perfect virtue. the master said, to subdue ones self and return to propriety, is perfect virtue. if a man can for one day subdue himself and return to propriety, a
47、n under heaven will ascribe perfect virtue to him. is the practice of perfect virtue from a man himself, or is it from others? yen yuan said, I beg to ask the steps of that process. the master replied,” look not at what is contrary to propriety; listen not to what is contrary to propriety; speak not what is contrary to propriety; make no movement which is contrary to pr