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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 弊端！文化多样性的减少一、全球化会抹平社会间的多样性，但会增加社会内部的多样性。因为人们可供选择的菜单增加了。想想哪个更重要。 二、多样性是一个悖论。全球化确实会使某些局部上的多样性减少。太多的知识会限制我们的创造力。某种程度的隔绝可以将自信和某种魔术感注入到艺术中。这种局部多样性的减少又意味着人们可供选择的菜单的减少。 三、这是一个“度”的问题。First, globalization will smooth out the diversity among the community, but will increase the diversity within
2、society. Because people increased choice of menu. Think about which is more important.Second, diversity is a paradox. Globalization does make some partial reduction of diversity. Too much knowledge will limit our creativity. Some degree of isolation can inject a sense of confidence and a certain mag
3、ic to the art. This diversity of local people to reduce the mean reduction in choice of menu.Third, this is a degree of the problem.传统节日渐渐被西方节日占领，传统习俗的遗忘，传统古建筑在经济的发展下不断被拆除摧毁。The traditional festival has gradually been occupied by Western festivals, traditions and customs be forgotten, the traditiona
4、l ancient buildings continue to be demolished to destroy in the development of the economy.当今世界的人们面对着繁杂的社会。艺术与文化甚至也被人用来实现扩张。以美国的好莱坞为例，好莱坞每年生产约700部影片，好莱坞电影的观众遍布世界各地。事实上，好莱坞电影如今已经成了美国实现侵略扩张目的的工具。People in the world today are facing complicated society. Art and culture even be used to achieve the expan
5、sion. Hollywood, United States, for example, Hollywood annually produces about 700 films the Hollywood audience all over the world. In fact, the Hollywood movie has now become a tool of the United States to achieve the purposes of aggression and expansion.文化既是民族的，又是世界的各民族都有自己文化的个性和特征。各民族文化都是世界文化中不可缺
6、少Culture is national, but also the worldsAll ethnic groups have their own culture and personality characteristics.The national culture is indispensable to world culture全球化导致贫富差距的扩大占全球15的人口生活在收入水平最高的国家，他们拥有全球的86，全球出口市场82，的68，全球电话总数的74；而占全球人口总数15的在上述几项上的占有率仅约1。在平均收入方面，贫富国家之间相差74倍， 而在1960年，这种差距还仅为30倍。此
7、外，200 名最富有者的资产超过占世界总人口41的人的收入总和。在过去4年里，这200名富翁的财产增加了两倍，达一万亿美元以上，相反，每日收入少于一美元的穷人仍维持在13亿左右。Accounted for over 1/5 of the population lives in countries with the highest income levels, they have 86% of the global gross domestic product (GDP), 82% of the global export market, 68% of the foreign direct in
8、vestment, 74% of the total number of telephone; while the share of the worlds populationonly about 1% of the share of 1/5 of the total number of poor in the above-mentioned items now. The difference between rich and poor countries in terms of average income, 74 times, in 1960, this gap is only 30 ti
9、mes. In addition, the 200 richest assets accounted for 41% of the worlds total population, more than the total income. 200 millionaire property increased twice in the past four years, more than one trillion U.S. dollars, to the contrary, the daily income of less than $ poor remained at around 1.3 bi
10、llion.全球化无疑促进了世界经济的整体成长，但全球经济利益的分配却是不成比例的。一小撮国家及跨国公司垄断游戏规则并掌控着世界市场。跨国公司是经济全球化的重要动力，全球100个最大经济体中，竟然有51个是跨国公司。（2000年数据）而绝大多数跨国公司来源于发达国家。可见，由国民财富体现的国家权力差距依然是巨大的。在经济总量上，没有几个国家有望挑战中等甚至较小的工业化国家。第三世界即使保持高速发展势头，可绝对差距如此之大，在可预见的将来也不大可能会消除。Globalization undoubtedly contributed to the overall growth of the worl
11、d economy, the global distribution of economic interests is disproportionate. A handful of national and multinational monopolies rules of the game and control the world market. Multinational corporations are an important driving force of economic globalization, the worlds 100 largest economies, and
12、yet there are 51 multinational companies. (2000 data) and the vast majority of multinational companies from developed countries. Seen by the state power embodied in national wealth gap is still huge. In economic output, few countries are expected to challenge the middle or even smaller industrialize
13、d countries. Even the third world to maintain the momentum of rapid development, the absolute gap can be so large that in the foreseeable future is unlikely to be eliminated.目前，有关人士都宣扬经济全球化对发达国家“危害论”。然而，对世界经济和国际体系影响更大的却是全球化扩大了国家间的不平等。第一，过去积累下来的国家间不平等现象非但没有因全球化而消除或减缓，反而日益扩大。At present, the persons co
14、ncerned are to promote economic globalization on developed countries damage theory. However, the world economy and the greater impact of the international system is globalization has increased inequality between countries. First, the past accumulated inequalities between countries not only failed to
15、 eliminate or mitigate a result of globalization, but growing.全球化导致发达国家对发展中国家的资源掠夺高收入国家人口只占全球人口的15%左右,其本土生物承载力是全球28%,但却消耗了全球55%的生物承载力。 这是如何实现的呢？ 可是,政治独立了,经济上的独立依然还是遥遥无期。在全球化国际分工下，第三世界国家依然处在全球产业链的最底端,为发达国家的过度消费提供着廉价的资源和劳动力。Population of high-income countries account for only about 15% of the worlds p
16、opulation, their home is the worlds biological capacity by 28% but 55% of global consumption of biocapacity. This is how to achieve it? However, political independence, economic independence they are still nowhere in sight. International division of labor under globalization, third world countries a
17、re still at the bottom of the global industrial chain, excessive consumption in developed countries to provide the resources and cheap labor. 一位来自菲律宾的原住民领袖曾一针见血地指出,”所谓经济全球化,不过是殖民主义的最新表现形式。”过去的殖民是直接的掠夺,殖民者不得不直接面对被殖民者的不满和反抗; 现在的经济全球化是联手的骗局, 老主子和第三世界国家精英阶层合谋, 第三世界国家继续廉价输出农产品、原材料和劳动力(以来料加工等方式),而换取的,往往是和
18、大多数人利益无关甚至负相关的奢侈品和武器之类”An indigenous leader from the Philippines has sharply pointed out that the so-called economic globalization, but the latest manifestation of colonialism. Colonial past is a direct plunder, colonists had to directly face the dissatisfaction of the colonists and resistance; the
19、current economic globalization is the scam together, the old masters and the elite conspiracy third World countries, third World countries continue to produce low-cost output, raw materials and labor (in processing, etc.), and in exchange, often and interests of the majority of unrelated or even neg
20、atively related to luxury goods and weapons and the like. 全球化导致工业垃圾及环境破坏经济全球化之后受到伤害的依然是发展中国家1964年, 世界著名的美国联合碳化物公司提出的在印度开办一座生产杀虫剂农厂.1975年,一座大型农药厂终于建成,距首都新德里以南750公里。1984年12月3日凌晨，这农药厂，液态剧毒气体从罐内渗漏出来，经久不散。这次事故使储气罐内45吨剧毒气体泄漏殆尽。仅2天内就有2500余人丧生，另有60万人受毒气不同程度的伤害。到1994年死亡人数已达6495人，还有4万人濒临死亡。In 1964, the world-
21、renowned U.S. company Union Carbide in India opened a production of pesticides farm .1975 years, finally built a large Pesticide Factory, 750 kilometers south away from the capital city of New Delhi.In the 1984, this Pesticide Factory, liquid, highly toxic gas leakage from the tank, and lingering. T
22、he accident put 45 tons of highly toxic gas inside the tank to leak away. Only two days alone, more than 2,500 people were killed and another 60 million people affected by the poison damage of varying degrees. In 1994,The number of death has reached 6495 , there are 40,000 people dying.全球化导致价值观的冲突全球
23、化中的价值冲突，主要表现为不同民族和国家的价值观之间、特别是西方价值观与非西方价值观之间的冲突。Globalization the values conflict, main performance for different nationalities and countries, especially between the values of western values and non-western values of the conflict between.而对于非西方落后国家而言，西方价值观与本民族价值观之间的冲突又往往是和传统价值观与现代价值观即现代化过程中形成和发展起来的价
24、值观之间的冲突纠缠在一起的，并经常以后者为中介。And for non-western behind countries, western values and the conflict between the national values and is often and traditional values and the modem values is the process of modernization, the formation and development of the conflict between the values and intertwined, and of
25、ten with the latter for intermediary.虽然“全球化”与“现代化”具有不同的内涵，前者具有某种空间或地理范畴的性质，是指从区域到全球；Although globalization and modernization have different content, the former has some kind of space or geographic category of nature, it is to point to from regional to global;而后者则具有某种时间或历史范畴的性质，是指从传统到现代，但近代以来的全球化过程与整
26、个世界的现代化过程实际上是同一个过程。While the latter has some time or historical category of nature, it is to point to from tradition to modern times, but since modern times of globalization and the whole world of modernization process is actually the same process.正是在这一过程中，西方资本主义国家率先实现了内源型的现代化，并按照资本主义扩张的内在逻辑和凭借其先发优势
27、，强制或引诱非西方国家认同西方价值，力图把西方价值观念普遍化和全球化；It is in this process, the western capitalist countries to take the lead in realizing the modernization of the endogenous type, according to the capitalist expansion immanent logic and with its start advantage, forced or seduce non-western national identity western
28、 value, tries hard to western values, a generalized and globalization;一些非西方落后国家则一方面努力启动或多次启动强迫型、追赶型等外源型的现代化，并由此在不同程度上认同西方价值，另一方面在西方价值观普遍化扩张的重压下又不断出现民族文化的认同危机和认同追求，而民族文化认同说到底还是对民族传统文化、特别是对其核心价值的认同。Some non-western countries the hand behind efforts to start or DuoCi start forced type, such as the mode
29、rnization of the ZhuiGanXing exogenous type, and thus in different degree approbation west value, on the other hand, a generalized expansion in western values under the weight of national culture and appear constantly identity crisis and identity pursuit, and national cultural identity in the final
30、analysis or for the ethnic traditional culture, especially to the core value of identity.因此，在这个全球化与世界现代化基本相重合的过程中，“西方不再是一个地理名词而是普遍的代号，现代西方则象征着普遍的现代化。通过这样的转换，认同西方变成了认同现代。”Therefore, in the globalization of the world modernization and basic collocated process, western is no longer a geographical term
31、but common code of, modern western is the symbol of modernization universal. Through such conversion, identity western into identity modern.j 与之相应，全球化中非西方落后国家面临的本民族价值观与西方价值观的冲突，往往也就直接表现为传统价值观与现代价值观之间的冲突。J correspondingly, globalization china-africa western countries face behind the national values a
32、nd the western the conflicts of values, often also direct the performance for the traditional values and the modem values of the conflict between.作为对西方价值观普遍化扩张之回应和对抗的极端化形式，原教旨主义之所以是“反现代的”，就在于其看到了并特别强调全球化中现代价值观与西方价值观之间的表里关系。As the expansion of the generalized to western values and fight against extre
33、me form of response, fundamentalism was the modern, lies in its saw and special emphasis on globalization in the modern values and the exterior-interior relationship between western values.也正因如此，所以本土与外域、传统与现代这两对范畴及其相互关系成为当代文化研究和文化哲学论争中的一个焦点问题。Also because of this, so native and outland, traditional
34、and modern this two category and their mutual relationships become the contemporary culture study and cultural philosophy in the debate a focal point.面对上述当代全球化中复杂的文化价值观冲突，文化进化论主张在理解不同文化及其价值观念时将地理范畴（本土与外域）转换为历史范畴（传统与现代），而文化相对主义则要求人们将历史范畴（传统与现代）转换为地理范畴（本土与外域）。In the face of all these contemporary glob
35、alization in complex culture values conflict, cultural evolution in different cultural and understand that values will geographic category (native and outland) into historical category (the traditional and modern), and cultural relativism then requires the people will historical category (the tradit
36、ional and modern) into geographic category (native and outlands).虽然文化进化论和文化相对主义各有其弊端，其中，前者带有明显的西方中心论色彩，后者则具有文化保守主义性质，但二者都看到了当代全球化中不同民族价值观之间的冲突、特别是西方价值观与非西方价值观之间的冲突是与传统价值观与现代价值观的冲突紧紧缠绕在一起的事实，并都力图对一事实作出自己的理解和说明。Although cultural evolution and cultural relativism each has its drawbacks, of which, the f
37、ormer have obviously the theory of color, the latter has the cultural conservatism properties, but both see the modern globalization in different national values, especially the conflict between western values and non-western values is the conflict between the traditional values and the modem values
38、 and the conflict is profoundly intertwined with the facts, and to make a fact to own understanding and explanation.增加是随着经济全球化的正常运作过程而产生的，它同时又是全球化发展不均衡的结果。With the globalization of economy increase is the normal operation of the process and of generation, it is also the result of the unbalanced deve
39、lopment of globalization.全球化带来的收益与支付的成本在不同的国家之间和一国之内不同人群之间的分配也是不均衡的。The benefits of globalization and the cost of pay in different countries and different groups within one country between the distribution is not balanced between.也就是说发达国家和发展中国家在全球化发展中参与游戏的角色是不同的，所获得的利益是不That is the developed countries and developing countries in global development in the game role is different, benefit from is not均衡的，这样的倾斜导致了发展中国家大量的非法移民流入发达国家A balanced, so the tilt of the developing countries in a large number of illegal immigrants into the developed countries专心-专注-专业