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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit24为了支持和促进国际商务，公司和政府发展了各项有关服务，诸如建立银行信贷协定、制定汇划结算安排和缔结国际邮政协定，从而保证国际商务的顺利开展和扩大In order to support and facilitate international business, companies and governments have developed services, such as establishment of bank credit agreements, make remittance settlement arrangements and intern
2、ational postal agreements conclusion, in order to ensure the smoothly development and expansion of international business5在加剧的外国竞争的压力下，为了维持竞争力，谋求生存和发展，公司不得不将其业务扩展到国际市场，对国外销售机会作出反应，积极扩大国际商务活动Under the pressure of foreign competition, in order to maintain competitiveness, to seek survival and developm
3、ent, the company will have to expand its business into the international market, respond quickly to many foreign sales opportunities, and actively expand the international business activitiesUnit31、许多国家和地区工农业生产的巨大增长Many countries and regions in the tremendous growth of industrial and agricultural pr
4、oduction2、导致工业国对食品和原材料的需求迅速增长In industrial countries on food and raw materials to the rapid growth of demand3、增至十五倍的工业品进口量Increased to fifteen times of industrial products imports4、对发展中国家农业出口产品需求的剧烈增长On developing agricultural export product demand sharp growth5、对棉花和天然橡胶等原材料需求的减少On cotton and natura
5、l rubber and other raw materials to reduce the demand6、合成代用品生产的发展及其产量的增加Synthetic substitutes for production development and yield increase7、有助于发展中国家的工业发展和经济增长Contribute to developing industrial development and economic growth8、国际贸易对各国经济发展重要的有益作用International trade on the economic development of var
6、ious countries important beneficial effect9、有助于欠发达国家制造业和制成品生产的发展Contribute to the less developed country manufacturing industry and the development of the production of manufactured goods10、刺激和促进发达与发展中国家间资本的流动To stimulate and promote the flow of capital between the developed and developing countries
7、11、新技术和新的管理技能的传送手段New technologies and new management skills transfer means12、从国际贸易获得巨大好处的欠发达国家From international trade have great benefits for the less developed countries13、国际贸易与长期经济发展之间的关系International Trade and economic development of the relationship between14、以更快的速度从发达国家吸引先进技术Faster speed in o
8、rder to attract advanced technology from developed countries1、 国际贸易的产生和发展，促进了各国再生产过程的正常运行和不断扩大，提高了生产力水平，并促进了生产国际化和资本国际化，以及提高其他方面的经济发展The emergence of international trade and development, promote the process of reproduction and the normal operation to expand ceaselessly, improve the level of producti
9、vity, and promote the internationalization of production and capital internationalization, and improve other aspects of economic development2、 凯恩斯及其追随者着重于出口对就业和收入的作用，他们认为贸易顺差可以扩大支付手段，压低利率，刺激物价上涨，增加投资，从而有助于国内危机的缓和与就业的扩大Keynes and his followers to focus on export of employment and income effects, they
10、 think the trade surplus could expand the means of payment, interest rates low, stimulate the price rise, increase investment, which contribute to the domestic crisis of relaxation and expansion of employment3、 另一些经济学家认为，国际贸易的兴起和发展，会使商品的市场扩大，从而推动技术进步和生产过程的改善，促进产量增加，并使投资结构发生变化，从而促进整个国民经济的发展Some econo
11、mists think, international trade is arisen with development, can make commodity market to expand, thereby promoting technological progress and production process improvement, promoting yield increase, and make the investment structure changes, so as to promote the development of the national economy
12、4、 发展中国家发展对外贸易导致外汇收入增加和外国先进技术的引进，它在弥补这些国家资本、促进它们的技术进步中起着重要的作用In developing foreign trade in foreign exchange income increases in foreign countries and the introduction of advanced technology, which make the national capital, promote their technological progress plays an important role in5、 多年来，在吸收外资
13、的同时，中国全力发展对外贸易，大量进口精密的机械设备和尖端技术，大量出口各种工农业产品，有力地促进了经济发展和社会主义现代化的实现Over the years, in the absorption of foreign capital, China to develop foreign trade, large imports of sophisticated equipment and advanced technology, a large number of export all kinds of industrial and agricultural products, effecti
14、vely promoted the economic development and the socialism modernization国际贸易给各国经济带来了巨大的利益。发达国家需要全球贸易的自由化为本国企业开拓更为广阔的发展空间，发展中国家也纷纷把出口导向作为本国工业化的发展战略。美国是当今世界上最大的进出口贸易国，每年进出口贸易达2万亿美元，出口产业已成为美国经济增长的引擎，美国经济增长的1/3来自出口行业。欧盟是当今世界上最大的贸易集团，每年进出口贸易都占世界进出口贸易的1/5左右。欧盟成员国之间的内部贸易是欧盟一体化的重要经济基础。国际贸易对目标市场国家尤为重要，随着目标市场国家
15、经济发展和对外开放，对外贸易在中国经济中日益显现，1999年，目标市场国家国内生产总值为8.2万亿人民币，全年进出口总额3607亿美元，其中出口总额1949亿美元。进出口总额相当于全年国内生产总值的1/3以上。全国将近1/5的产品是直接用于出口的。2000年，目标市场国家加入世界贸易组织，目标市场国家的市场将更加开放，目标市场国家经济与世界经济的联系将更为紧密。International trade to the economies of the countries brought great benefits. Developed countries need to global trade
16、 liberalization for domestic enterprises to exploit more wide development space, developing countries are also seen as a native of export-oriented industrialization development strategy.The United States is the worlds largest import and export trading nation, import and export trade of $2 trillion a
17、 year, the export sector has become the economic growth of the engine, the American economic growth from exports 1/3 of the industry.The European Union is now the worlds largest trade group, import and export trade of the world each year are about 1/5 of the import and export trade. The European Uni
18、on member states of the European Union between internal trade is an important economic integration based.The international trade of the target market is particularly important to the country, with the goal market national economic development and opening to the outside world, the foreign trade of Ch
19、inas economy becomes increasingly, in 1999, the target market countries GDP for 8.2 trillion RMB, annual export total $360.7 billion, with total export value of 194.9 billion dollars. Total import and export volume throughout the year is equivalent to more than a third of GDP. Nearly 1/5 of the prod
20、uct is directly used for export. In 2000, the target market countries to join the world trade organization, target market markets will more open, target market economy country linked to the world economy will be more closely.Unit41、 非关税贸易壁垒对国家经营活动的影响Non-tariff trade barriers on the influence of the
21、national business activities2、求助非关税贸易壁垒以保护其缺乏竞争力的产业Resort to non-tariff trade barriers to protect their lack of competitiveness of the industry3、 把相当大的注意力放在消除国际贸易的障碍上The considerable attention to eliminate barrier to international trade4、 阻碍国际商品和服务的自由流动Block international products and services to th
22、e free flow of5、旨在放宽对进口商品限制的法规条例Aims to relax restrictions on imports of the legislation6、对来自发展中国家的某些产品实施进口配额From developing countries to some of the product implementation import quotas7、对生产重要出口商品的厂商给予特惠Production of an important export manufacturers give preferential8、估计每年达200亿美元的该国农产品出口销售额Estimat
23、ed $20 billion a year in the countrys agricultural product export sales9、歧视来自发展中国家的中、低档纺织品Discrimination from developing countries, and low in textiles10、把某些国家排除在得到优惠的国家之外Put some countries out of the country get preferential outside11、干扰各国间正常的交易和经贸关系Interference between countries of the normal trad
24、e and economic relations12、反对美国对来自该亚洲国家的进口货征收抵消关税For the opposition to the United States from Asian countries import tariffs on offset13、由减少贸易潜在利益的进口限制所造成的扭曲By reducing the potential benefits of trade import restriction by the distortion14、约略计算外国商品需求曲线的弹性Roughly calculated foreign goods the elastici
25、ty of the demand curve1、非关税壁垒是指以进口数量限制为特点的贸易保护主义措施，它们被发达国家和有些发展中国家用来干扰和阻碍商品和服务在国际间的自由流动Non-tariff barrier refers to the limitation of import quantity characteristics of protectionist measures, they are developed countries and some developing countries have used to interference and prevent goods and
26、services in the free flow of international2、70年代中期以来，由于世界性经济危机爆发，加上国际市场争夺加剧，因而发达国家不得不求助于旨在限制进口的非关税壁垒，力图克服困难Since the mid 70 s, due to the world economic crisis, with the international market for increased, so have to turn to developed countries to import restrictions of non-tariff barriers, trying t
27、o overcome the difficulties3、非关税壁垒同关税壁垒一样，起到限制进口、引起进口国国内市场物价上涨的作用，加重了西方发达国家人民的负担Non-tariff barriers with tariff barriers, a way to limit imports, domestic market prices caused by importing countries and the role of the western developed countries increase peoples burden4、近年来，美国实施的一些贸易政策和条例对中国加以歧视，并对
28、中国向美国出口的一些产品实行严格限制In recent years, the implementation of trade policy and regulations about some Chinese to discrimination, and Chinese exports to the us to some of the products shall be strictly limited5、在未来的日子里,美国和其他西方国家仍然可能对中国纺织品等劳动密集型产品出口的限制,中国将坚决反对In the future, the United States and other west
29、ern countries still likely to Chinese textiles and other labor-intensive products export restrictions imposed, China will firmly opposed to this非关税壁垒是指一个国家运用配额制、许可证等一系列非关税手段而实行的限制进口措施。非关税壁垒在资本主义发展初期已出现，但到了本世纪30年代资本主义世界性经济危机爆发时，非关税壁垒才作为贸易壁垒的重要组成部分广泛的盛行。第二次世界大战后初期，许多资本主义国家仍然实行严格的限制进口措施，但从50年代到70年代初，发达
30、资本主义国家除了大幅度降低关税外，还放宽和取消非关税壁垒，扩大进口自由化，放宽和取消外汇管制，促进了国际贸易的扩展。但是，从70年代中期以来，在两次世界性经济危机衰退的冲击下，发达资本主义国家贸易战越演越烈，它们竞相采取非关税限制商品进口，对世界贸易和经济发展产生巨大的不利影响。Non-tariff barriers is refers to a country quotas, license and a series of use of the means of non-tariff measures to restrict imports.Non-tariff barriers in th
31、e capitalist development initial period already appear, but in this century 30 s capitalism worldwide economic crisis hit, non-tariff barriers to trade barriers as an important part of the widely popular.The second world war iis early days, many of the capitalist countries still strict measures to r
32、estrict imports, but from the 70 s to the s, the developed capitalist countries in addition to greatly reduce tariff outside, still relax and cancellation of non-tariff barriers, expand import liberalization, relax and cancel the foreign exchange control, promote the expansion of international trade
33、.But, from the 70 s, which, after two world economic crisis under the impact of recession, the developed capitalist countries trade war turned ugly, they compete to take non-tariff limit merchandise imports, for the world trade and economic development has great effect.Unit51、按既定的公司方针开始处理出口订单Accordi
34、ng to the established company policy began to deal with the export order2、仔细查对和记录出口商所收到的订单的来源Carefully check and record received the order of exporters source3、出口商必须充分了解外国顾客的要求The exporter must fully understand the foreign customer requirements4、对进口商的信用进行认真的审查To the credit of carefully review5、得到一份关
35、于买方信用状况的信用报告Get a about the buyer credit status credit reports6、 买方与卖方就销售条款个条件进行洽商The buyer and the seller is sales terms and conditions for you7、出口合同中说明的买卖双方的义务Export contract that buyers and sellers of the obligations8、出口合同中说明的产品、价格、交货方法等条款Export contract of that product, price, delivery methods o
36、f such provisions9、出口货物在商定的交货地点合理交付Export of goods in the agreed delivery place reasonable delivery10、出口货物在商定的发货地点准时发货Export of goods in the agreed delivery location delivery on time11、出口货物的所有权在交货地点转移The ownership of the export goods in delivery place transfer12、取得进口许可证以符合进口国的进口条例Import license is o
37、btained in accordance with regulations of the importer import13、货物达到目的地后通过海关对货物的处理To reach the destination by the customs after the goods to the processing of goods14、完成出口交易所需要的各种单据的获得Complete export exchange needs of the various documents obtained1、为了高效率地将货物移动到进口国，出口企业必须履行包含出口交易中一系列活动的三项必不可少的职能In o
38、rder to move the goods to the high efficiency of importing countries, export enterprise must perform a series of activities include export transactions of the three indispensable function2、在进行一项出口交易之前，出口商必须或者通过一份国际信用报告审查新顾客的财务和信用状况，或者复查老顾客的信用状况和支付记录。In a before export transactions, the exporter must
39、 or through an international credit report on the financial and new customer review credit conditions, or the old customer credit conditions and payment records.3、作为出口过程的重要组成部分，进口商和出口商必须就销售条款和条件、双方的义务以及销售合同的其他条款进行洽商As an important part of the process of export, the exporters and importers will have
40、to sales terms and conditions, the obligations of the parties and the other clauses of the sales contract negotiations4、进口商和出口商之间就销售条款和条件所达成的协议成为一个有约束力的合同，它经过买卖双方以书面形式确认后就是双方都能接受的确定的承诺。The exporters and importers is between sales terms and conditions that the agreement as a binding contract, it afte
41、r both parties after confirmed in writing form is mutually acceptable determined commitment.5、在整个出口过程中，常常要求进口商取得一份进口许可证，有时还有一份外汇许可证，以符合进口国的进口条例，并使货物能顺利地到达进口商。In the whole process of export, often calls importers have a import license, and sometimes also a foreign exchange license to comply with the
42、regulations of the importer import, and make the goods can smoothly to the importer.Unit61、充当许多美国制造商的出口销售部Act as many American manufacturers export sales department2、利用销售代理人网络促进国外销售Use sales agent network to promote the foreign sales3、制定市场策略和安排货运和海关单证Make a market strategy and arrange transportation
43、 and customs in the documents4、从对最终的国外顾客的销售上取得利润The final customers from foreign sales make a profit5、充当托销代理商的一些美国出口经营公司ACTS as a consignment of some American export agent operating companies6、在买卖双方之间履行寻求货源或批发的职能Between the parties to perform the functions of the source or seek wholesale7、向卖方或买方收取一定
44、百分率的佣金The seller or the buyer to charge a percentage of the commission8、把按低于批发价购进的货物转卖出去According to the lower than the wholesale price of purchased goods sold out9、初次进入全球市场的一种快速和低成本的方法First entering the global market a rapid and low cost method10、在全球销售和经销产品的外国贸易公司In the global sales and distributio
45、n of foreign trade company products11、提供最佳市场策略和售后顾客服务Providing the best market strategy and after-sales service to your customers12、了解市场、风俗和顾客期望的当地经销商Understand the market, customs and customer expectations of local dealers13、绕过贸易公司和经销商而直接向顾客售货Around the trade company and dealers directly to custome
46、rs and sales14、用作全球贸易销售渠道之一的合资企业Used as a global trade sales channel, one of the joint venture1、国际贸易中的销售渠道，是指商品从一个国家的生产企业流向国外的最终消费者或用户的流通过程，是商品所有权的转移必须经过的中间商机构。In international trade sales channel, is refers to the goods from a state production enterprise going abroad final consumer or users of the
47、distribution process, the transfer of ownership is goods must pass the middlemen institutions.2、在国际商品流通过程中，销售渠道的通畅与否和效率高低直接影响到商品的销售速度、产品利润和市场份额。In international commodity circulation process, sales channel unobstructed or not directly affects the efficiency and product sales speed, product profits a
48、nd market share.3、一家出口经营公司充当许多制造公司的出口销售部，它或者从制造公司直接购货、并按独立经营的原则转销国外，或者进行代销。An export business company act as many manufacturing company export sales, it from a manufacturing company directly or purchase, and according to the principle of independent business presenting abroad, or for sale on a commission basis.4、按逐案的原则充当独立销售代理商的出口贸易公司，在买卖双方之间履行寻求货源或批发的职能，不对交易的任何一方承担责任。According to the principle of independence ZhuAn as the sales agent of export trade company, between the parties to perform the functions of the