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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上1.In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?New England also established another American traditiona strain of often intolerant moralism. The Puritans believed that governments should enforce Gods morality. They strictly punished drunks, adulterers, violators of the Sabbath
2、and other religious believers different from themselves. Roger Williams, one of the Puritants who protested that the state should not interfere with region, was driven out of Massachusetts. In 1635, he set up Rhode Island colony, which guaranteed religions freedom and the separation of church and st
3、ate. The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The Americans values such as individualism, hard work, respect of education owe very much to the Puritans beliefs.2.What are the two political parties in the United States? Do you think the two political parties are fundame
4、ntally different? Democratic Party and the Republican Party. differences :1、The Democratic Party is regarded as liberal, while the Republican Party conservative. 2、The former advocates the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasizing full employment; favors civil rights laws,
5、a strong social security system and less restrictive abortion laws, etc.; It is more disposed to search out a method of living with Russia and China and to look for reduction in arms spending. However, the Republican Party favors economic system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demands
6、the government to control inflation; stresses the need for law and order; opposes complete governmental social programs and free choice of abortion; favors a strong military posture and assertive stands in international relations. 3、Donkey is the symbol of the Democratic Party and the symbol of Repu
7、blican Party is Elephant. 3.What are some of the features in religion that are particularly American? What are some of the major differences between American religion and religion in Europe? Some phenomena in American religion are uniquely American. First of all, Americans with different religions l
8、ive together under the same law. That is to say, they claim the variety of beliefs. Secondly, the religions beliefs of Americans continue to be strong with social progress. They emphasize on social progblems and humanitarian ideals. Thirdly, in the US every church is a completely independent organiz
9、ation, and concerned with its own finance and its own building. Major differences are:1) In Europe,scientific and economic advance and rising material prosperity have accompanied by a decline in religious observance ,but in the United States this has not happened.2) There has been little concentrati
10、on on doctrine or religious argument such as in European history.3)Generally speaking,Americans have enjoyed greater religious freedom than European.4、What is the main theme in American literature? As to this point, it is quite different from Canadian literature and British literature. How do you un
11、derstand them? The questing of the American people has indeed been a drama of many parts.In one way or another, however, it has always been a pursuit of happiness.American literature is the continuous narrative of that pursuit. 第二问American literature has the same themes as any other concentration ar
12、ea, with the exception of The American Dream, but that could translate to The English, Indian, British, African, and so on。 British literature：The latter part of the century is dominated by people like Charles Dickens, and Mrs Gaskell who appealed to a mass audience and raised concerns about social
13、privations in an industrialized society. But there was romance 8.What is the goal of education in the United States? We all know that the way in which the high school graduates enter universities is quite different from China. How do you understand them?The goal is to achieve universal literacy and
14、to priovid individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their own individual welfare as well as that of the gerneral public.(p122-123) In the United States, to go to university,the high school graduates must meet the following requirements:(a)their high school records;(b)recom
15、mendations from their high school teachers;(c)the impression they make during interviews at the university;and (d)their scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Test(SATs).A college at a leading university might receive applications from 2% of these high school graduates,and then accept only one out of eve
16、ry ten who apply. While in China, high school graduates need to attend the College Entrance Examination (CEE) and choose their universities according to their scores.You can choose several universities whose control mark line you have admitted and if the first university you chose admit you,then you
17、 will be the student of the shool.If not,check the second chosen university,etc.If none of the universities admit you,it means you fail this time. Americans put more attention to helping students learn to solving problems rather than memorizing facts.It makes students more creative.British education
18、 ephasize in childrens morality.It has something to do with its long tradition.And Chinese education under a premise-socialism,which is partiallarly Chinese .10 What were the major social movements of the 1960s? And what was the historical background of the social movements of that decade? Who were
19、the participants of the social movements of the 1960s1、 The Civil Rights Movement 2、The Youth Anti-War Movement 3、The Womens Movement 第二问American Negroes experienced different lives in the South and outside the South of America. Young people resented traditional white male values in US society. Wome
20、n experienced different lives during and after World War II. All these three kinds of people were dissatisfied with their lives. 第三问Many people who believed the government and the society were wrong joined one or more of the social movements. Black and white young people worked in all the movements,
21、 as did many middle-class white women and some men. Those who worked in the civil right movement included older, usually male, Negro leaders; black and white young people, some white professional men and women, and some white housewives.13、The author says that the United States was founded on the pr
22、inciple of human equality, but in practice the nation has fallen far short of that ideal. Illustrate this point with what you have learned form this text. Actually, American government has come up many laws to guarantee the human equality. But for many cases, the inequality in society is still a qui
23、te serious problem. Unlike most other peoples, Americans are primarily a nation of immigrants, the citizens or their ancestors immigrated from many parts of the globe. Its because the nation contains so many racial and ethnic subcultures that contributes to racial conflicts. On the other hand, Ameri
24、can society is a stratified one in which power, wealth, and prestige are unequally distributed among the population. This equality is not simply a matter of distinction between social classes, it tends to follow racial and ethnic lines as well, with the result that class divisions often parallel rac
25、ial divisions. Apart from this, the racial and ethnic minorities, mainly refer to the blacks, are still suffering from racial discrimination and injustice. Thus race relations between black and white still leave much to be desired. Its for these phenomena that we realize that the equality in America
26、 should be improved because practice reveal the reality. 14.What does poverty mean in the United States?P160 Whats the major social problems mentioned in the text? It means many old people eating dog and cat food to supplement their diets. It means malnutrition and deprivation for hundreds of thousa
27、nds of children. It means greater susceptibility to disease, to alcoholism, to victimization by criminals, and to mental disorders. It often means unstable marriages, slum housing, illiteracy, ignorance, inadequate medical facilities, and shortened life expectancy. Poverty can mean low self-esteem,
28、despair, and stunting of human potential. major social problems：racial problems, poverty, drug abuse, crime, and the abuse of power by government and corporations.16.How did the Cold War begin? What role did the US play in Cold War ? Can you explain what is the Cold War in your own words? By the end
29、 of WWII, the United States became the strongest country in the world. The policy-maker of the US wanted a world order dominated by the US, a world market free and open to American goods and services and more and more countries modeling on American institution and values. In pursuing this goal, the
30、US encountered determined resistance from the Soviet Union. Gradually the two wartime allies fell apart and the Cold War began. 第二问The cold war was a word of ideas between the communists and non-communists.The US was the leader of the non-communists. 第三问The cold war is used to describe the relations
31、hip between America and the Soviet Union 1945 to 1980. Neither side ever fought the other - the consequences would be too appalling - but they did fight for their beliefs using client states who fought for their beliefs on their behalf .Such as: South Vietnam was anticommunist and was supplied by Am
32、erica during the war while North Vietnam was pro-Communist and fought the south (and the Americans) using weapons from communist Russia or communist China. In Afghanistan, the Americans supplied the rebel Afghans after the Soviet Union invaded in 1979 while they never physically involved themselves
33、thus avoiding a direct clash with the Soviet Union. 18 Why do Canadians seek a national identity? this search for a national identity underlies the history of canada,it is perhaps a natural thing to search for in a country that is so new(canada first became a political entity in 1867;and did not ass
34、ume its present shape until 1949)canada is a former colony that traces its history ,its loyalties and many of its settlers and forefathers to the old countrythat is great britain.and when it gained its independence from britain,it natually fell under the influence of its large,powerful neighbour to
35、the south with which it has so much in common.19 What is so unique about Canadian culture? Canadian is a wilderness nation, with savage beauty and incredible obstacles. A nation founded on European traditions by the English and the French .A nation of Immigrants .A country of diverse and distinctive
36、 regions with powerful regional identities - Quebec, the Maritimes, the Prairies, for example. A nation with a strong sense of social welfare committed to providing a social safety net for all. A land of remarkable freedoms with a goal of equity for all regardless of sex, race, age, color, creed or
37、disability .Peace-keepers for the world and a partner with all nations.20. Try to find the similarities and differences in the government systems between the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada.The United States is a federal constitutional republic, in which the President of the United Stat
38、es (the head of state and head of government), Congress, and judiciary share powers reserved to the national government, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments. Federal and state elections generally take place within a two-party system, although this is not enshrine
39、d in law.Two parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.The British political systemAs a parliamentary democracy,the british government is characterized by a division of powers among the legislature,the executive and the judiciary.The three parties in Britain:the conservative party,the l
40、abor party and the liberal democratsThe same:1. both have a parliament 1. They are Democratic nations and the Constitution is the basic law.2.There is respective two Houses in the Parliament or Congress which have the supreme authority to pass law or levy taxes. 3. The members of Parliament and Cong
41、ress, and the executive leaders are elected. 4. Political parties play an important role in politics.The difference:1. The constitution. The United States has a written constitution which is very difficult to change. The UKs constitutional provisions are scattered over various Acts of Parliament, an
42、y of which can be changed by a simple majority in the Parliament. 2.Vote: In the United States, the Democratic and Republican Parties absolutely dominate federal and state elections with independents securing only small proportions of the vote. In the United Kingdom, the two main political parties -
43、 Conservative and Labour - win a smaller and declining share of the total vote.3.Britain is a constitutional monarchy, the United States is The Democratic Republic Britains head of state is King, there is no real power; President of the United States is the highest executive power and military power
44、Canada is a constitutional monarchy with a federal system of parliamentary government and strong democratic traditions. Its political system is the Westminster system. Since Canadas political structure is modeled after those of Britain and the United States, it can be described as both a federation
45、like the US and a constitutional monarchy like Britain.21. What are some of the things that make Canada a unique and interesting country? 1. Canadas vast territory and unique topography result in a climate with wide regional variations. 2. In contrast to its physical size, economic power and interna
46、tional prestige, Canadas population is very small.3. Canada has two official languages - English and French.4.Canada is famous for maples.22. Why is New England sometimes called the birthplace of America?1、 The first movements of American literature, philosophy and education originated in New Englan
47、d.The region played a prominent role in the movement to abolish slavery and was the first region of the United States to be transformed by the Industrial Revolution. 2、New England was an early center of the industrial revolution. The Blackstone Valley in Massachusetts and Rhode Island has been calle
48、d the birthplace of Americas industrial revolution. 3、In one of the earliest European settlements in North America, Pilgrims from England first settled in New England in 1620, to form Plymouth Colony.4、New England has the only non-geographic regional name recognized by the federal government. 23. Wh
49、at were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?1) The first meeting of an elected legislature on July 30, 1619 in Virginia, was thought to be the brilliant example of self-government of Americans; 2) Another event also occurred in Virginia, 20 Negroes were brought i