英语中的逻辑主语(共6页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语中的逻辑主语是怎么一回事?逻辑主语:是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者;它们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系,但不能直接作非谓语动词的主语,因此叫逻辑主语。 逻辑主语的判断:1. 句子主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语,它们之间是逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。例如:She likes helping others .(she 就是 helping 的逻辑主语)Moved by my words , her father told me the truth . (her father 是 moved 的逻辑主语)2. 介词of 或for的宾语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。例如:I

2、t”s kind of you to tell me the news . (you 是to tell 的逻辑主语)这个句子中,it是形式主语,句子的真正主语是to tell me the news.It is impossible for you to finish so much work in so short a time . (you 是to finish 的逻辑主语)3. 复合结构中的宾语就是非谓动词的逻辑主语。例如:The doctor asked me to answer her question . (me 是to answer 的逻辑主语)I saw him playing

3、 at the river side . (him 是playing 的逻辑主语)英语中的非谓语动词是怎么回事?在句子中不是谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词 是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分 3种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词 1非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有: (1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如: They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. (2)都可以被

4、状语修饰: The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. (3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如: He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态) He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式) We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时) Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成

5、式) (4)都可以有逻辑主语 They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语) The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语) We are League members.(谓语动词的主语) We being League member, the work was well done. (现在分词的逻辑主语) 2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有: (1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 (2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语

6、或宾语补足语。 (3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。 (4)谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。现在分词和动名词有什么区别?动名词和现在分词都是由ving构成,在句中都能作表语和定语,而且都保留着动词的一些特征,有其完成式和被动态。那么ving形式到底是现在分词还是动名词呢?下面有五种区别方法: (1)如果ving形式与被修饰名词逻辑上是主谓关系,就是现在分词,它相当于定语从句;如果逻辑上没有主谓关系,则是动名词,它可以用介词for加上这个动名词来代替,该介词短语应放在被修饰名词之后。例如:

7、1)a moving blackboard正在移动的黑板(moving:现在分词,a moving blackboard=a blackboard which is moving) 2)a walking tractor手扶拖拉机(walking:现在分词,awalking tractor=a tractor which is walking) (2)如果ving形式是说明主语怎么样,表示的是主语的形状、特征的是现在分词,现在分词起着形容词和副词的作用,在句中作宾补和状语,一般用how提问,后不带宾语,但可用very,so,quite等词修饰,也可用more和most分别构成比较级和最高级。如

8、果ving形式是说明主语是什么,即主语的具体内容,强调主语的行为、功能和用途的则为动名词。动名词起着名词的作用,在句中作主语和宾语,一般用what提问,也可用状语来修饰,但不能用程度副词very,much等修饰。例如: 1)The news is very exciting(exciting:现在分词) 2)Laying eggs is her fulltime job(laying:动名词) (3)动名词作表语,和主语间可以划等号,甚至可以交换位置。如上述例句2)可改写成:Her fulltime job is layingeggs而现在分词充当表语,不能同主语划等号,因此不能同主语换位置。

9、例句1)不能改写成:Exciting is the news (4)ving前有冠词、物主代词、名词所有格或指示代词的是动名词;用来构成复合形容词的ving形式和独立主格结构中所用的ving形式的是现在分词。例如: 1)His coming was unexpected(coming:动名词) 2)The Chinese are brave and hardworking(working:现在分词) (5)朗读时,如果ving形式与它修饰的名词均有句子重音的为现在分词;如果ving有句子重音,被它修饰的名词没有句子重音的则为动名词。 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语有什么区别?.动名词和不定式做

10、主语的相同点 1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时,常常为了保持句子的平衡,用it来做形式主语,如: It is not easy to learn English well. It is no use asking him for help. 2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如: To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. (眼见为实) It is better to stay home than _A_ out. A. to go B. going C. go D. gon

11、e .动名词和不定式做主语的不同点 1.不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如: (92)_B_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 2.在”There/It +be+ no use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式,如: It /There is no use crying over the split milk. It /There is no help taking

12、this medicine. 但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如: (93) There is no good for us to do that exercise. 3.不定式可以和when, where, how, what, whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能,如: How to solve the problem is a hot potato. Where to put the box seems hard to decide. Whether to do it hasnt been decided. What to do

13、 next is up to you.动名词6.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语1)作主语 Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。2)作宾语a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sthadmit 承认appreciate 感激,赞赏avoid 避免complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误deny 否认detest 讨厌 endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢escape 逃脱 prevent阻止 fancy 想象finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 mi

14、ss 想念 postpone 推迟 practise 训练 recall 回忆resent 讨厌resist 抵抗 resume 继续 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解 forgive 宽恕keep 继续举例:(1)Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? (2)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.b. 词组后接doing admit to prefertobe us

15、ed to lead todevote oneself to object tostick to busylook forward to(to为介词)no good,no use,Its worth, as well as, cant help,Its no use /good be tired of be fond of be capable of be afraid of be proud of think of / about hold offput off keep on insist oncount on / upon set about be successful in good

16、attake upgive upburst outprevent from3)作表语Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children.6.2 worth 的用法worth,worthy,worth-while都为adj.意为值得。1. worth: be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时,表示 值得be worth doing sth.某事值得被做The question is not worth discussing again and again.2. worthy:be worthy of +n.当名词为抽象名词时

17、表示值得be worthy to be done 某事值得被做The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again.3. worth-while: be worth-while to do sth 值得做某事 worth while: It is worth while doing sthIt is worth while sb to do sth.典型例题It is not _ to discuss the question again and again.A.worthB.worthyC.worth-whileD.worth while答案C. 由worth的用法可知,此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。因此选C。专心-专注-专业

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