《2013年高考英语一轮复习学案专题13：特殊句式(共20页).doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2013年高考英语一轮复习学案专题13：特殊句式(共20页).doc（20页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2013年高考英语一轮复习学案专题13：特殊句式【备考策略】1强调句型： 句型结构形式：It iswasthatwho be的时态：thatwho前面be的时态一般是一般现在时，当它后面的句子为过去时时，才用过去时。 判断方法：将(It iswas)(thatwho)括号中的词同时去掉，看剩下的部分是否仍然成立。若成立，则是强调句型；若不成立，则为状语从句、定语从句或主语从句。 2反意疑问句： 形式：句子+简短的疑问 (1)前面若有多个句子并列，则以最后一个句子为准；若前面部分为主从复合句，一般说来，以主句为准；但若宾语主从复合句的主句谓语动词是think，belie
2、ve，suppose，feel，imagine，consider，guess等，主语又是第一人称且为一般现在时、谓语又没有任何副词修饰时，简短疑问部分的动词、时态、人称则以从句为准，而肯、否定形式依主句而定。 (2)前面句子含有must，cant，may等表推测的词时，疑问部分则依据句子的时态及时间状语而定。 (3)句子是Lets时，后面用shallshant we；前面部分是Let us祈使句时，后面用willwont you。 (4)前面句子是Im时，后面用 arent l；句子是Im not时，后面用 am I。 (5)前面是感叹句时，后面跟感叹句的主、谓一致，但用否定形式。 (6)当主
3、语是anyoneanybodyeveryoneeverybody时，疑问部分用复数形式。 否定、肯定形式： (1)一般说来，前后两部分的否定、肯定形式相反；但当句子前有0h，Ah，so等语气词时，前后两部分的否定、肯定形式相同。 (2)前面部分有否定词或半否定词时，后面部分用肯定形式；但若前面部分含有由否定词缀构成的否定词时，后面部分还是用否定形式。 3祈使句：祈使句的主语是you，但一般被省略；当前面有呼语时，一般得补出主语you；否定式一般是在前面加Dont。 在“祈使句，+andorand then+句子”句型中，当祈使句中含有比较级时，可将祈使句中的谓语部分省略，只留下“比较级或比较级
4、与名词，+andorand then+句子”。 4感叹句：句型：what +a(n)+adj +n+主语+be!；How +adjadv+主语+动词! 5There be句型：注意动词的形式；注意能用于这一句型的抽象特殊名词及动词的抽象形式；注意主语补足语的形式。 6倒装句：倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。 全部倒装：地点副词或介词短语+动词+主语(名词)；地点副词或介词短语+主语(代词)+动词。 部分倒装：(1)否定词或半否定词+助动词情态动词+主语+谓语动词+其它。 (2)only+副词(状语)SO+助动词情态动词+主语+谓语动词+其它。 (3)让步状语从句的倒装。 (4)非真实条件句的倒装。
5、 (5)结果、目的状语从句中的such，SO提到句首时的倒装。 7省略句(1)在上下文中，任何句子成分都可能省略，必须根据具体语境进行理解。 (2)熟悉并掌握一些特殊的省略形式。 A在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略，同时将从句的谓语动词变为分词形式。 B在时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致或从 句的主语是it，谓语是be动词时，从句的主语、谓语可以省略。如：WhenWhere，If necessary。 C当句子的谓语部分省略时，若只用代词代替句子，则需用代词的宾格形式。 D当省略不定式的内容时，须保留小品词to。
6、 8对宾语从句的提问：特殊词位于句首，主句用一般疑问式，而宾语从句用陈述语序。 考点解析高中英语涉及的特殊句型包括强调句、倒装句、省略句和反意疑问句。高考对于这四种句型的考查很灵活。学习的关键是记准确各个句型出现的条件。2013年高考考生应特别注意1、基本的句型条件；2、句型中的时态。交际用语的考查重点应注重文化差异，在平时的学习中注意英语的交际规则和交际模式，防止母语思维定势的干扰和影响，形成英语思维方式。强调 在使用英语时，有时要突出或强调某个词、词组或句子，这时就要用到强调结构。一、强调句基本句型：“It is/ was + 被强调部分 + that/ who + 其他成分”强调句型可以
7、强调一个句子的主语、宾语、表语及状语等成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，可以用that或who(whom)连接其他成分；被强调的成分是表示人以外的词，例如表示事物、时间或地点的词，用that连接其他成分。一般疑问句：Is /was +被强调部分 + that/ who + 其他成分.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is /was + that/ who + 其他成分.1、It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _ benefits our work most. 【C】Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwh
8、at2、Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? Of course, I haveIt was in our village it was made【A】Athat Bwhere Cwhen Dwhich3、Was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after the boat went famous【B】Awhere Bthat Cwhich Dwhat2、not until 也可用于强调句型4、 It was _ he came bank from Africa that yea
9、r _ he met the girl he would like to marry. 【C】 A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when 3、Its + 地点状语+ that（强调句）Its +地点名词+ where (定语从句)It is the town where I was born.(the town 为地点名词，定语从句)It was in the town that I was born.(in the town为地点状语，强调句型)4、Its + 时间名词+ when(时间状语从句)Its + 时间
10、状语 +that(强调句)It was at 8 oclock that he returned.(at 8 oclock是时间状语，强调句)It was 8 oclock when he returned.(8 oclock 是时间名词，时间状语从句)5、借助助动词do对谓语动词的强调要借助于助动词do加动词原形，而且do有人称、时态和数的变化。这种强调形式主要用于祈使句以及一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。5、If you have a job， yourself to it and finally youll succeed【A】 Ado devote Bdont devote Cdev
11、oting Dnot devoting二、倒装句英语通常的语序是主语在前，谓语在后。如果谓语的一部分或者全部提到主语之前，这种语序就是倒装。如果把全部谓语放在主语之前，就称为完全倒装；如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，则称为部分倒装。完全倒装1）、用在以here, there, now, then等副词开头的句子中6、John opened the door . There _ he had never seen before. 【D】 A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl如果主语是人
12、称代词，则主语和谓语的位置不变。Here it is.2）、为了强调，或为了紧密衔接上下文，常将表语放在句首，颠倒主语和谓语的次序。Present at the meeting were Mr. Smith, Mr. Green and many other celebrities.3）、为了使句子生动、流畅，可把in, out, down, over, off, away之类用作状语的副词放在句首，采用完全倒装。句中的谓语动词多是行为动词，而且是不及物动词。Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes4）、当介词短语
13、位于句首作地点状语时，也常常用完全倒装。7、At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_, one of the ten largest cities in China. 【A】A. lies ChongqingB. Chongqing liesC. does lie ChongqingD. does Chongqing lie2、部分倒装1）、用在省略了if的虚拟条件句中（把were, had或should移至主语前），采用部分倒装。Were she here, she would help us.(=If
14、she were here, she would help us.)2）、在表示祝愿的句子里，谓语动词或谓语动词的一部分，要放在主语的前面。May you succeed!3)、用在以so开头、表示谓语所述情况也适用于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中，表示“也一样”，“也这样”。结构为：so + 系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语或者由neither, nor引导的，表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人（或东西）的句子（否定句），表示“也不”He can speak English, so can we.They havent prepared their lessons. Nor/Neither have
15、 I.注意：so + 人称代词（同一主语）+ 助动词，这种结构中的主谓是正常语序，用以重述前面的情况，以表示赞同或强调。-It was cold yesterday.-So it was.注意：so it is/was with + 另一主语，这种结构表示这一主语的情况也如此。主要用于上文出现两个以上句子（情况），而在逻辑上这些句子表现同一主语，通常是有肯定和否定的混合句。或有两个（以上）谓语。Mike likes Chinese but he is not good at Chinese. So it is with Tom.注意：主语+ 动词do(某种形式)+so, 此句型用以避免重复前文
16、所述动词及其宾（状）语，表示该句型中的主语做了前文中已提到的动作，此句型中的主语可与前句主语相同，也可以是另外的人。She asked me to speak louder and I did so.4）、以never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, by no means, nowhere, at no time, not a +名词等表示否定或半否定意义的副词或词组开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。8、-Its niceNever before such a special dr
17、ink!-Im glad you like it【C】AI have had BI had Chave I had Dhad I9、 Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.【A】A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun5）、often, many a time, always, once等表示时间的频度副词放在句首时应用部分倒装。Many a time has he been to Paris. 他去过巴黎多次。6）
18、、以only开头的句子（only后面为副词、介词短语或状语从句），采用部分倒装，即把谓语的助动词放到主语之前，谓语用原形。10、Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _a decision 【B】Athey reached Bdid they reach Cthey reach Ddo they reach7）、as/ though引导让步状语从句时，常将句末的表语、动词、副词提至句首。11、Unsatisfied with the payment, he took the job just to get some
19、 work experience.【B】A. thoughwashe B. thoughhewas C. hewasthough D. washethough 三、省略在语言运用中，尤其是在口语中，省略是常见的语言现象。1、在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的should可以省略。这些句子一般包含如下动词一及其派生词：一坚持(insist)，二命令(order, command)，三建议(suggest, propose, advise)，四要求(demand, require, request, ask)Janes pale face suggest
20、ed that she was ill and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination.It is necessary (important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that.等主语从句中。It is necessary that the problem be solved at once. 2、定语从句中的省略（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, who (whom)常可以省略。The man I saw is
21、called Tom.Where is the pen I bought this morning?（2）关系副词when, where, why及that在the time when, the place where, the reason why, the way that结构中引导限制性定语从句时，在非正式场合下，可以省略关系副词when, where, why和that等。I shall never forget the day we first met.The reason he came so early is his own affair. I dont like the way
22、 you speak to your mother.3、状语从句中的省略 （1）当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。12、It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine , wed better take it to the garage immediately【D】AOtherwise BIf not CBut for that DIf so（2）虚拟条件句中,含助动词、情态动词、动词be或have等,若将它们提到句首,则需省略if。 Should
23、it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit till next week.（3）在as(so). as., than引导的比较状语从句中。I know you can do better than Peter. This car doesnt run as fast as that one. （4）在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略。Child as he is, he knows a lot.4、动词不定式中的省略1）有些动词，如believe, find, think, feel, consid
24、er, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be + n./ adj. 中的to be可以省略。I consider him stupid. His mother found him a clever boy.2） 感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。They made the boy go to bed early.The boy was made to go to bed early. 3) 动词不定式在prefer，re
25、fuse，decide, mean, intend, try，promise, like, love， care，want，hope，wish，expect等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复,常承前省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号 to。 I have asked her to come，but she does not want to 注意：want，like用在 when，if, what，as 引导的从句中，其后的to也常可省略。Ive decided to do what I like Ill teach you if you like4）在can not but, can not
26、choose but, can do nothing but., cant help but., prefer to do rather than do., would do. rather than. 之后的动词不定式一般不带to；but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 而且其宾语是something，nothing，anything和everything等不定代词时，也不带to, 否则要带to。We have nothing to do now but wait. I can not but admire his courage. He has no ch
27、oice but to accept the fact.5）在并列结构中为了避免重复，后一个to省略。Im really puzzled what to think or say. 但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略。I came not to scold but to praise you.6）在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。Why talk so much about it? Why not try it again? 7）动词不定式与be able to，be going to，have to，ought to，used to等构
28、成复合谓语时，不定式结构常可省略，但要保留不定式符号to。 I dont want to wait for him， but l have to Why didnt you come to our party？I was going to，but l had a report to write8）动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。Dont go till I tell you to.9）动词不定式在ask，warn，tell，advise，force，wish
29、，expect，allow，permit , invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，常可省略。Youd better give a performance if you are asked to He didnt come, though we had invited him to. 10）动词不定式在happy， glad， eager，anxious，willing， ready等形容词等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。Will you join me in a walk？Ill be happy
30、 to 注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have。Are you a doctor? No, but I used to be.四、反意疑问句1、反意疑问句的结构形式：反意疑问句提出情况或看法，问对方同不同意，这种问句都由两部分组成，前一部分用陈述句的形式，后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句，中间用逗号隔开，如前一部分为肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式，前一部分为否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式，两部分的时态要一致。You are to go home via Hongkong, arent you?（肯定的陈述句+否定的反意疑问句）They didnt
31、raise many questions at the press conference, did they?（否定的陈述句+肯定的反意疑问句）2、反意疑问句的答语在回答反意疑问句时，应根据事实来回答，如果事实是肯定的，前面要用yes,否则用no, 在第一部分为否定句时要特别注意，这时英语回答和汉语回答是不一致的。-You are not going out today, are you?-No, I am not.你今天不出去，是吗？是的，我今天不出去。（“不出去”属于否定的事实，所以在英语中应用“no”来表示此义，不要用 “yes”来回答。）构成反意疑问句时应注意的问题：1）、当陈述部分的
32、主语是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时，反意疑问句部分中的主语常用they (有时也可用he.)Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didnt they?No one was hurt, was he? 2）、当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, nothing, something等表物的不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语常用it.Everything has been done on how to prevent the pollution, ha
33、snt it?3）、当陈述部分的主语是one时，反意疑问部分的主语常用one或you。One should study hard, shouldnt one/ you? 4）、当陈述部分的主语是man(人类)时，反意疑问部分的主语常用he。Man is the master of his own fate, isnt he?5）、当陈述部分是there be结构时， 反意疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。There used to be a shop, didnt there?6）、当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowh
34、ere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词应用肯定形式。Few people know him, do they? Bob rarely got drunk, did he? You have nothing else to say, have you? 7）、当陈述部分中含有im, in, dis, un等否定前缀或less等否定后缀时，应把陈述部分看成是肯定的，反意疑问部分要用否定式。Your mother dislikes seeing you with me, doesnt she?He is unfamiliar with this type of comput
35、er, isnt he?8）、当陈述部分是Im 结构时，反意疑问部分常用arent II am late, arent I? 9）、 当陈述部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代词通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。If you dont start early, you will be late, wont you?Peter believes that his dream will come true some day, doesnt he?10）、当陈述部分的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine等结构时，反意疑问部分往往与从句保
36、持一致，而且要注意否定转移。I think he is a thief, isnt he? I dont think he can do it well, can he?11）、当陈述部分含有have，而且have作“有”解时，反意疑问部分用have/has或借助助动词do, does, did等来完成；如果陈述部分中的have是实义动词，则反意疑问部分应需借助助动词do, does, did等来完成。He hasnt a lot of time to spare, has he?He doesnt have an English dictionary, does he?12）、当陈述部分的谓
37、语动词包括have to, had to时，反意疑问部分通常用do的适当形式。You had to take the early bus, didnt you? We have to do it, dont we?13）、当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，反意疑问部分可用used to形式或did形式。He used to get up late, didnt/ usednt he? 14）、当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分常用will you.Help me to do it, will you? Dont go there, will you? Lets 和Let us都表示“让我
38、们”，但用法上不同。前者包括听话人，后者不包括听话人。正因如此，它们的反意疑问句的形式常常不同：以Lets 开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用shall we.以Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用will you.Lets go now, shall we?（我们去，你也去）Let us go shopping, will you?（我们去，你不去）15）、当陈述句部分含had better/best, would like to, would rather等约定俗成特殊短语时，反意疑问部分应保留第一个词。He had better do more speaking, hadnt he?1
39、6）、当陈述句部分是强调句或类似强调句的结构时，反意疑问部分常和句首的It is/was保持一致。It is the first time that he has gone there, isnt it? 17）、当陈述句部分为感叹句时，反意疑问句部分常用否定形式，且问句部分的动词常用be.What a cold day, isnt it? 18）、当陈述部分含有情态动词must, may, cant, 且表示推测时，反意疑问部分不能用must, may, cant自身，应和后面的实义动词保持一致； must/ may/ cant + do 表示对现在情况的推测，反意疑问部分用一般现在时。He
40、 cant be Mr. Chen, is he?（相当于I dont think he is Mr. Chen.）He must be very tired, isnt he?(相当于：I believe he is very tired.) must/ may/ cant + have done +过去时间状语，表示对过去情况的推测，反意疑问部分常用一般过去时。You must have seen the film last week, didnt you?(相当于：I think you saw the film last week.)It cant have snowed last w
41、eek, did it?(相当于：I dont think it snowed last week.) must/ may/ cant + have done , 反意疑问部分常用现在完成时。You may have been to Tibet, havent you?(相当于：Maybe you have been to Tibet.)He cant have known the news, has he?(相当于：I dont think he has known the news.)You must have waited for a long time, havent you?（相当于
42、：I think you have waited for a long time.）19）、当陈述部分含有情态动词mustnt表示“禁止”时，反意疑问部分常用must.You mustnt walk on grass, must you? 20）、当陈述部分含有情态动词need, dare时，反意疑问部分有两种形式：作情态动词时保留自身；作实义动词时反意疑问句应借助于助动词do/does/did来完成。He needs to start at once, doesnt he?She dare not go out alone at night, dare she?21）、当陈述部分含有情态动词
43、ought to时，反意疑问部分常用oughtnt (有时也可用shouldnt.)The child ought to be punished, oughtnt he? 五年高考 A组 2012年全国高考题组1.【2012浙江卷,19】Had they known what was coming next, they_ second thoughts.A. may haveB. could haveC. must have had D. might have had【考点】虚拟语气中的情态动词【答案】D【解析】本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：if they had known what was
44、coming next, they might have had second thought。根据had known提示，可知是与过去事实相反，因此虚拟语气主句中应该用would/might +have done，由此可见答案D符合语境。2.【2012江苏卷,25】There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _?A. is thereB. isnt thereC. is heD. isnt he【考点】特殊句式反义问句【答案】A【解析】根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主
45、谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。3.【2012山东卷,31】 I dont know about you, but Im sick and tired of this weather. _. I cant stand all this rain. A. I dont care B. Its hard to sayC. So am I D. I hope not 【答案】C【解析】当表示后者与前者具有相同特征的时候，后者用倒装的形式；肯定用so，否定用nor或neither构成。根据后面一句中的I cant stand all this rain可知，此处与上一句中的Im sick an
46、d tired of the weather表达同样的感受，因此应该用So am I，表示“我也是”。句意：-我不了解你。我讨厌这种天气。-我也是。我无法忍受整天下雨。【考点】考查倒装句的用法。4.【2012全国新课程,34】 You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.A. so B. orC. and D. but【答案】B【解析】此处or表示“否则”。句意：你必须躲开，否则卡车过不去。【考点】考查并列连词。5.【2012湖南高考真题,30】 It was not until I came here _ I realized this place was famous, for not only its beauty but also its weather. A. whoB. thatC. whereD. before【答案】B【