2022年上海牛津小学英语语法知识汇编电子教案.pdf

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1、资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结一般现在时1、定义: 表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。 句中通常有usually ,often ,every day ,sometimes ,always , at weekends,on Sundays等表示经常性时间的短语。2、构成:1)当谓语是be 动词 时,一般现在时的构成:主语 be 动词其他如: I am a student. He is Jims father. They are from Japan. 2)当谓语是 行为动词 时,一般现在时的构成:主语 (非第三人称单数)动词原形其他如: I o

2、ften watch TV at the weekends. Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps. 主语 (第三人称单数)动词的第三人称单数形式其他如: Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays. She sometimes goes to the park with her mother. 3、动词三单形式的变化规则:一般情况下,直接加s 如: read-reads , swim-swims 以 s, x,sh , ch ,o 结尾,加es 如: wash-washes, watch-

3、watches,do-does 以辅音字母y 结尾,变y 为 i,再加 es 如: study-studies,fly-flies 不规则变化如: have-has 4、一般现在时的句型转换:肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答They watch TV every day. They dont watch TV every day. Do they watch TV every day? Yes, they do . / No, they dont. She watches TV every day. She doesnt watchTV every day. Does she watch TV e

4、very day? Yes, she does . / No, she doesnt . 现在进行时1、定义:表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有now, look ,listen 等词。如: I am washing clothes now. Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree. Listen! Jane is singing in the music room. 2、构成: be 动词( am/is/are) + 动词现在分词(V-ing )3、动词现在分词构成:一般是在动词原形后加ing 如: read-reading, drink-drink

5、ing,eat-eating ,look-looking 以不发音的e 结尾的动词,去掉e,再加 ing 如: write-writing , make-making,ride-riding ,take-taking 以重读闭音节结尾,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写这个字母,再加ing 如 : sit-sitting, swim-swimming, put-putting, run-running, stop-stopping, get-getting,begin-beginning,jog-jogging ,forget-forgetting 4、动名词 其实就是动词的现在分词,它既有名词性

6、质(可作主语),又有动词性质(可带宾语)。如:Asking the way My hobby is collecting stamps. He is good at skating. 5、现在进行时的句型转换:肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答He is running now. He isn t running now. Is he running now? Yes, he is . / No, he isn t. They are makinga puppet. They aren t makinga puppet. Are they making a puppet? Yes, they are

7、 . / No, they aren t. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑4、一般过去时的句型转换肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答He watchedTV yesterday. He didn t watchTV yesterday. Did he watch TV yesterday? Yes, he did . / No, he didn t. They played gam

8、es just now. They didn t playgames just now. Did they play games just now? Yes, they did . / No, they didn t. 一般将来时1、定义:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语,如:tomorrow morning,next week ,this afternoon等表示将来的时间状语。2、构成: be gong to +动词原形如: I am going to see a Beijing opera tomorrow. We are goin

9、g to meet at bus stop at half past ten. Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon. will + 动词原形如: They will go swimming this afternoon. 3、be going to 和 will 区别 : be going to 表示经过事先安排、打算或决定要做的事情,基本上一定会发生;will 则表示有可能去做,但不一定发生,也常表示说话人的临时决定。如: I am going to take part in a party this eveni

10、ng. They are cleaning the library now. Ill go and join them. be going to表示近期或眼下就要发生的事情;will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。如:He is going to write a letter tomorrow. I will meet her one day. be going to还可以用来表示有迹象表明某件事将要发生,常用于天气等自然现象。如:Look! Its going to rain. 4、一般将来时句型转换:肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答She is going tohave a picnic tomo

11、rrow. She isn t going tohave a picnic tomorrow. Is she going tohave a picnic tomorrow? Yes, she is . / No, she isn t. They will go swimming this afternoon. They will not(won t) go swimming this afternoon. Will theygo swimming this afternoon? Yes, they will . / No, they wont . 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - -

12、 - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑句法1、陈述句说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构:主语谓语其他1)肯定陈述句We all like pandas very much. 2)否定陈述句He doesn t do housework at weekends3)肯定陈述句 改否定陈述句一般是在be 动词 或情态动词 后加 not 。Mary was at school yesterday. Mary was not at

13、school yesterday. I can make a model plane. I can not make a model plane. 不含 be 动词或情态动词的,行为动词前要用助动词的否定式(dont ,doesnt ,didn t) ,后面跟动词的原形。He likes drawing pictures.He doesn t like drawing pictures.I went to the park yesterday. I didnt go to the park yesterday. 4)陈述句 改一般疑问句有 be 动词或情态动词的,把be 动词或情态动词提前。M

14、ary was at school yesterday. Was Mary at school yesterday? I can make a model plane. Can you make a model plane? 不含 be 动词或情态动词的句子,借助助动词开头,动词还原成原形。He likes drawing pictures.Does he like drawing pictures. I went to the park yesterday. Did you go to the park yesterday? 2、疑问句用来提出问题,询问情况的句子,末尾用问号。1)一般疑问句

15、:一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实,通常以be 动词,助动词或情态动词开头,用 yes 或 no 来回答,因此又叫是非疑问句,通常读升调。Is Mr Green from the UK? Yes,he is. / No ,he isn t.Do you have any hobbies? Yes,I do. / No , I don t.Can you play the guitar? Yes ,I can. / No ,I can t.2)特殊疑问句: 以特殊疑问词引导,要求回答具体问题,不能用 yes 或 no 来回答。 How do you go to work every day?

16、I go to work by car.3)选择疑问句:提供两种或两种以上情况,让对方选择,往往用or 连接。Would you like some tea or coffee? Some coffee, please. 4)反意疑问句 :反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。It s a fine day, isnt it? Yes ,it is. 3、祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事。1)用于 第二人称 ,通常省略you 。肯定祈使句:Open the door, please. 否定祈使句:Don t be late again.2)用于 第一人称 和第三人称 ,通常以

17、let(let 后跟宾格)或shall 开头。Let me have a look. Let s play a game now. Let him go home now.Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre? 4、感叹句表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情,句尾常用感叹号(!) ,语气用降调。1)what + 名词或名词性短语精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收

18、集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑What a big garden (it is)! What an interesting storybook (it is) ! What lovely weather (it is)! What pretty girls (they are)! 2)how + 形容词或副词主语动词How nice! How beautiful the flowers are! How tall Yao Ming is! 5、there be 句型表示在 某地 有某人或某物。1)主语是 单数 ,be 动词用 is(was) ;主语是 复数 , be 动词用

19、are(were) 。There is some milk in the fridge. There are some peaches in the basket. 2)如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在,be 动词根据 最靠近的 那个名词而定。There is a ruler and five knives in the pencil case. There are five knives and a ruler in the pencil case. 3)there be句型和 have/has 区别:there be 句型表示 某地 有某人或某物;have/has表示 某人 有某物。 has

20、 用于第三人称单数,其余人称和数用 have 。There are some English books on the desk. I have some English books. 一般过去时1、 定义:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如: a moment ago ,just now ,yesterday ,last week , this morning等。如: My brother often went to school by bike last term. The watch was beside the diary a moment ago

21、. I watched the moon and ate the moon cakes last Mid-Autumn Festival. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑Jim went to the supermarket yesterday. 2、构成: 主语 动词的过去式其他3、动词过去式 的变化规则:一般在动词原形末尾加ed 如: play-played,listen

22、-listened, look-looked 结尾是 e 的动词,加d 如: live-lived ,like-liked ,taste-tasted 辅音字母y 结尾的动词,变y 为 i,再加 ed 如: study-studied, carry-carried,cry-cried 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写这个辅音字母,再加ed 如: stop-stopped,plan-planned 不规则变化如:am/is-was are-were have/has-had do-did go-went sit-sat tell-told see-saw get-got make-mad

23、e give-gave read-read buy-bought come-came draw-drew eat-ate fly-flew meet-met put-put run-ransay-said sing-sang swim-swam take-took精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -

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