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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Welcome to the unit be careful 当心，小心，用于提醒别人= look out, take careBe careful, Eddie! 是祈使句，目的是为了唤起某人对某事的注意。E.g. Be careful! There is a bus coming! 当心！汽车过来了。 Be careful with your spelling. 注意你的拼写。 Be careful not to pour the soup over the table. 小心不要把汤洒在桌子上。 You should be careful when you us
2、e the knife. 你使用小刀的时候应当小心。【小叮咛】 careful adj -carefully adv (反义词) careless adj-carelessly advrecommend v 推荐；介绍*recommend sth 推荐某物 eg. Recommend a car/ film/ plumber.推荐某汽车/影片/管道工.*recommend A for (doing) B 推荐A 用来做 BE.g. What would you recommend for removing ink stains? 你看用什么方法可以出去墨迹？ She was strongly
3、recommended for the post. 她被大力推荐担任这个职务。 We recommend Chen Xu for chairman of the Students Union.*recommend A as B 推荐A担当B（职务等）E.g. I can recommend him as a very good accountant. 我推荐他一定能当个很好的会计。*recommend sth to/for sb 把某物推荐给某人E.g. Can you recommend me a good novel? 你能给我介绍一本好书吗？award n 奖品 e.g. Educati
4、onal Development Awards 英 教育发展奖金Literature award 文学奖金*award vt 颁奖，授奖 e.g. The school awarded Merry a prize (for her good work).plant v 种植*plant + n e.g We are going to plant peach trees around the house.我们打算在房子周围种上桃树plant +n(场所)+with+n e.g. My mother planted the garden with many flowers.*plant n 植物；
5、草木 e.g. These garden plants are very beautiful. 这些园艺植物非常好看。Can plant grow without sunlight? 植物没有阳光能生长吗？【拓展】 water 和 work n/vE.g. Do you often water your flowers? 你经常浇花吗？（动词） We need to drink some water. 我们需要喝些水。（名词） No one makes Mr Green do so much work. But you can always find him working very late
6、. 没有人让格林先生干那么多工作。但你总能发现他工作到很晚。clean up 动词词组 清理，打扫 +n 作宾语E.g. Please clean up the classroom before you leave school. 请在放学前将教室打扫干净。 They are helping us clean up the playground. 他们在帮我们打扫操场。【小叮咛】up 常跟在v后，意为“彻底地，完全地”n可以放在up之前或之后。如果后接代词宾格，则必须放在up之前。E.g. I used up all the money. 我花光了所有的钱。 Eat your food up,
7、 boy. 把你的食物都吃光，孩子。 Lets finish it up before 9 oclock. 我们在九点之前把它都完成吧。collect v收集e.g.His job is to collect all kinds of information.他的工作是收集各种各样的信息His favourite is collecting stamps. 他的最爱是集邮。【小叮咛】collect的名词是collection 收藏，收集E.g. To everyones surprise, his collection costs more than one million dollars.
8、使大家惊奇的是，他的收藏价值一百多万美元。project n 工程；计划；方案 A building project 一个建筑计划 a project to establish a new school 一个设立新学校的计划visit 参观；拜访；游览E.g. Mr. Chen will visit Spain next week. 陈先生下个星期将游览西班牙。They are going to visit History Museum today. 他们今天将去参观历史博物馆。If I have time next month, I will visit my old friend Bill
9、.elderly adj 较老的，上了年纪的 the elderly 指老年人这一群老年人：the old, the aged, the elders, the elderly【小叮咛】 定冠词+adj 表示具有某一特点或特征的一类人，作主语是谓语动词通常用复数形式 E.g. The rich-富人 the poor-穷人 the young-年轻人 the dead-死人 the homeless-无家可归的人Reading and Vocabularyalone adv 单独地，独自地（=all by oneself）E.g. He likes living alone. 他喜欢独自生活。
10、We cant finish this work alone. 我们不能单独完成这项工作。【拓展】alone adj 是一个表语形容词，“单独的，独自的”用n/pron 之后，表“只有唯有”E.g. Do you feel alone when your parents are out? 父母不在家时，你觉得孤独吗？Lily alone knows what happened. 只有史密斯知道发生了什么事。【近义词辨析】alone, lonelyAlone adj/adv 单独的（地），独自的（地） adj 习惯上只用作表语，强调没有其他人在场Lonely adj 孤独的；寂寞的 既可用作表语
11、也可用作定语，指人在心灵上的寂寞和忧郁，带有强烈的感情色彩。修饰地点名词时，强调“偏僻的；荒凉的”E.g. The old mans house is in a lonely village.这个老人的家在一个偏僻的小村庄里。The twins are together most of the time, so they never feel lonely.The old writer lives alone in a lonely mountain village, but he doesnt feel lonely.这位老座机独自一人住在偏僻的小村庄，但是他并不感觉的孤独。hear sb
12、doing sth “听见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行 hear sb do sth “听见某人做某事”，强调动作已经发生过了E.g. Did you hear someone crying for help? 你听到有人在呼救吗？I often hear someone talk outside in the evening. 晚上我经常听到有人在外面讲话。【小叮咛】hear, see, watch, notice后+-v-ing 作宾语不足，表示正在进行的动作；也可不不带to的动词不定式作宾补，表示听到、看到或注意到了动作的全过程E.g. We noticed the little
13、boy looking out the window. 我注意到那个小男孩正从窗户往外看。Last night, the saw the man go into the house. 昨天晚上，他看见那个人走进了那所房子。the 79-year-old Mrs Sun作his neighbour的同位语，表示两者所指为同一个人。E.g. This is my teacher, Mr Smith.79-year-old是一个复合形容词 “数词+n (+adj)”是复合形容词，在句中做前置定语，数词与名词（与形容词）之间有连字符，其中的名词要用单数形式E.g. a two-month-old ba
14、by 一个两个月大的婴儿a 1,000-metre-long bridge 一座1，000米长的大桥save v 挽救，拯救 e.g. To the doctor, the most important thing is to save the patients life.Something must be done to save the endangered animals.必须采取一些措施来拯救这些濒临灭绝的动物。*储蓄，储存，可以和up, for 连用，也可单独使用E.g. He has saved (up) a lot of money since he began to work
15、in this city. 自从他在这座城市工作以来他存了很多钱。He had a good sleep to save his energy for the final exam.他好好睡了一觉，积蓄精力准备期末考试。*节省，省去，免除 E.g. As a student we should save time.That will save us a lot of trouble.那将省去我们很多麻烦。*保留，保全 e.g. Its no wonder they dont save her face. 难怪他们不给她留脸面。put out 扑灭，熄灭 e.g. The fire was pu
16、t out soon. 火很快就被扑灭了。【谚语】 Far water does not put out near fire. 远水救不了近火。【拓展】put 摆，放*put+ n/pron+介词短语 e.g. Please put the book on the desk. 请把书放在书桌上。*put+ n/pron+adv(短语) e.g. You must put your books there.你必须把你的书放在那。Put the cat out of the house. 把猫放在房子外面。*put+ n/pron+ to do e.g. You may put the child
17、 to sleep. 你可以把孩子放在床上睡觉。*put + away, on, up等构成短语，有特定含义Put on 穿上，戴上 e.g. Put it on, please. 请把它穿上。【小叮咛】人称代词作宾语要放在put与on之间，反义词组是take off(脱下)*put.away 把.收起来（放好）储备E.g. Put your toys away. 把你的玩具收好。 Put them away.*put up 挂起，举起 e.g. Put up a flag. 升起旗帜。*put down 放下；把.放下；记下E.g. The bus put down some passeng
18、er. 几位乘客下了公交车。 Put down your name and address. 记下你的姓名和地址。*put up ones hand 举手 e.g. Put up your hands. 举起你的双手。with a blanket中的with 意为“用”，后+有形的工具，表示用什么工具E.g. He wrote the letter with a pen. 他用钢笔写这封信。【近义词辨析】in, byin 和 by 也可表示“用”in 后+无形的、抽象的东西 by+交通工具，通过这种方式E.g. Can you say it in English?He always comes
19、 by bus. 他一向乘公共汽车来。help sb out 帮助某人摆脱困境E.g. The policeman helped those children out of the fire.这位警察帮助那些儿童脱离了火海。in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里，指“在医院工作或去医院有事，不一定是住院”Eg. Mum was in hospital last week; I had to look after her.The woman finds her husband in the hospital.【小叮咛】有些介词短语中有没有the，含义截然不同*in
20、 front of 在某物体范围外面的前面 in the front of 在某物体范围内的前面*in future 从今以后 in the future 在将来*in person 亲自，本人 in the person 以.资格，代表*in place of 代替； in the place of 在.的地方*behind time 过了时刻，迟了 behind the time 落在时代后面*in red 身穿红衣服 in the red 亏损，有赤字*in secret 暗地里，秘密地 in the secret 知道内情，参与秘密*keep house 管理家务 keep the h
21、ouse 守在家里*on fire 着火 on the fire 在考虑中，在准备中*out of question 不成问题，无疑的 out of the question 不可能should 情态动词 意为“应该”，多用于建议E.g. You should lie down and have a rest. 你应该躺下休息。each other 相互代词，意为“互相，彼此”E.g.People from different countries can sometimes understand each other by using body language.You should lear
22、n from each other. 你们应该互相学习。They respect each other. 他们彼此尊重对方。can 表示推测时常用语疑问句或否定句中，用于肯定句中常表示理论上的可能性，用来表达事件或情况可能发生（但并不牵涉到是否真的会发生）Eg. He cant be at home. 他不可能在家。 Can it be true? 那可能是真的吗？ For me, money can be important. 对我来说，钱可能很重要。dangerous adj 危险的 a dangerous journey 危险的旅行【拓展】dangerous 的名词是danger In
23、danger 在危险中 out of danger 脱离危险The patient was out of danger. 病人已经脱离危险了。Is there any danger of fire? 有发生火灾的危险吗？Its a danger to pace. 这是对和平的威胁。【拓展】dangerous的反义词是 safe； danger的反义词是 safetyit is important (for sb) to do sth 做某事（对某人来说）很重要E.g. It is important for me to finish the match. 对我来说，完成比赛很重要。be car
24、eful with 小心，含小心对待某物的意思E.g. You should be careful with hot water.thank you for doing sth = thanks for doing sth / thank you very much for doing sth 感谢做，因.而感谢 e.g. Thanks for helping me.Thanks for/ thank you for/ thank you very much for +v-ing/ nE.g. Thanks for your help.join 参加，加入 着重从旁观者或外人的身份成了某党派、
25、团体、人群、游戏等中的一个成员，=become a member of*join sb 加入到某人群众中（一起做某事）e.g. Ill join your later.我随后就加入你们中去。Come and join us, Xiao Wang. 小王，快来和我们一起玩吧。*join+ 党派团体名词 加入某一党派或团体E.g. He joined the Tennis Club. 他加入了网球俱乐部。His father joined the Party last year. 他爸爸去年入党了。When did he join the League? 他什么时候入团的？*join sb in
26、和某人一起做某事 e.g. Wont you join us in the play? 你不愿意同我们一起玩吗？*join in +某活动 参加某活动 = take part in e.g. He joined in the game.他加入了比赛。【近义词辨析】join in, take part in 两者都表示参加*join in 指参加某项比赛或活动，常用于口语E.g. Can you join in the game? 你能参加这个游戏吗？*take part in 加入；参加 指参加某一活动并在其中起积极作用E.g. Do you take an active part in th
27、e sports meeting? 你积极参加运动会吗？keep sb/sth from (doing) sth vt 保护免受 的影响或损坏=protectfrom /stop sb/sth (from) doing sthE.g. She was wearing dark glasses to keep/protect her eyes from the sun.*keep+宾语（由人或物充当）+adj e.g. Keep your hands clean.手要保持干净。*keep+宾语+adv e.g. What have kept you away for so long.什么事是你离
28、开这么久。*keep+宾语+V-ing e.g. Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。*keep+宾语+v-ed e.g. Keep the door closed. 让门关着。*keep+宾语+介词短语 e.g. Dont keep your hands in your pockets. 不要把手插在口袋里。keep (vt) +n作宾语，构成动宾结构。保存;保留;记(日记);经营(商店等);遵守(诺言等)E.g. I keep a diary in English. 我用英文记日记。She keeps a bookstore. 她经营一家
29、书店。Keep your word, please. 请遵守你的诺言。keep 系动词 +adj/adv/介词短语 作表语，构成系表结构 “保持某一状态”E.g. Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。keep +v-ing 作宾语，表示连续不断地做某事E.g. The baby keeps crying all night. 那个婴儿哭了一夜。leave “使.出于某种状态” e.g. Leave the door open when you go out. 你出去时不要关门。【拓展】leave vi 离去；出发E.g. Its time for us to leave. 我们该
30、走了。 Well leave for Beijing tomorrow.Vt 留下；丢下；遗忘E.g. Did she leave any message for me? 她有话留给我吗？I left my pen in the reading room.helpful adj 有帮助的；乐于助人的 反义词是unhelpful 无帮助的；无用的*un-作前缀表示not 的含义。即un-是一个否定前缀lucky(幸运的)-unlucky(不幸的) fit(合适的)- unfit(不合适的)fair(公平的)- unfair(不公平的) known(闻名的)- unknown(不闻名的)think
31、 of.关心；考虑；想起+pron/n/doingE.g. I thought of you when I saw the picture. 我看到这幅画就想起了你。She threw the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again.她把那只瓶子扔进海里，从未想起它。There are so many things to thinks to think of before we decide.我们要考虑到许多方面然后才能做决定think of/about 对问题的看法或考虑某件事，表示“认为”时不用进行时态；表示“计划或想法”时可以
32、用进行时态。E.g. I think of it as impossible. 我认为这是不可能的。What do you think about it? 你认为这件事怎么样？Im thinking about going to France for our holiday. 我们正在考虑去法国度假。【小叮咛】think over 仔细考虑E.g. Id like some more time to think it over. 我需要有更多时间来仔细考虑这件事。be good at 在.方面（觉得、做得）好，擅长.+n/pron/doing = do well inE.g. Some of
33、us are good at swimming.我们中有些人擅长游泳。【小叮咛】be good for 对有好(益)处 反义词组 be bad for 对.有害处E.g. Eating an apple a day is good for you. 每天吃一个苹果对你有好处。Grammar情态动词：是一种本身具有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。E.g. We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？ Shall we begi
34、n now? 我现在就开始吗？ You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。情态动词的数量不多，但用途广泛。主要有：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would).NOTE:情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需要用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加not.个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去、现在或将来。can和could的用法 表示“能、会”NOTE：co
35、uld可以看做是can的过去式，这两个词除了时态不同外，在表达意思的许多方面是相同的。当然could也有自己的独特用法。1. 表示脑力或体力上的能力 e.g. Nobody can stop the development of science.She can sing that song in English.He could hardly support his family before he found the new job.I could nit understand the lecture on the computer given by Mr Smith.2. 表示客观上的可能
36、性 e.g. You can borrow this useful book from the library.A more suitable person than him for the job can not be found.Now people can skate on the lake.现在人们可以在湖上滑冰了。When the storm stopped, the plane could take off.当暴风停下来时，飞机可以起飞了。3. 表示主观上的允许 e.g. Can I ask you some questions about it?You can not leave
37、 here till I come back. 知道我回来时，你才可以离开。Such kind of thing cant happen any more. 这类事以后不准再发生了。Can/Could you tell me how to get to the airport?Could I be forgiven my negligence? 请原谅我的疏忽，行吗？4. （用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）表示猜测怀疑或惊诧e.g. How can/could you be here?She couldnt/cant be so stupid to do that? 她不可能蠢得去做那种事吧。H
38、e couldnt/cant be over seventy. 他不能有七十多岁了。Where could/can the boy be now? 那孩子现在能在哪？【比较】can, could 表示能够和可能时，can表真实，could表不真实E.g. He can speak English. 他能说英语。（表能够）You can borrow this useful book from the library. (表可能)You could get the book from the library if necessary. (表非真实)what和how引导的感叹句*概述：感叹句是用来
39、表达赞美、惊叹、喜悦等强烈感情的句子。句尾要用“！”what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词、动词*基本句型：1.what 引导的感叹句的基本句型 what+ a/an+ adj+单数n(+主语+谓语)！E.g. What an interesting film they saw yesterday! 他们昨天看了一部多么有趣的电影啊！ what+ adj+ 复数n（+主语+谓语）！e.g. What excellent novels she has read!What hard-working people they are! 他们是多么勤劳的人啊！NOTE：以上两种感叹句在使用时要注意不定
40、冠词a/an的选用和结尾的主语与谓语和他们前面的名词在“数”的方面的一致。 what+ adj+ u n(+主语+谓语)！e.g. What good news it is! What terrible weather today is!NOTE: 如果感叹句强调的中心词是不可数名词，特别要注意的是：句中形容词前面不可有定冠词a/an2. how引导的感叹句的基本句型 how+ adj(+主语+谓语)！E.g. How pretty the woman is! 那女人多美啊！How brave the soldier is! 这名士兵真勇敢！ how+ adv(+主语+谓语)！E.g. How
41、 carefully you wrote! 你写得多么认真啊！How fast the deer runs! 那头鹿跑得真快！ how+主语+谓语（+宾语）！E.g. How he hates them! 他多么痛恨他们！How I wish to travel to Beijing. how+ adj+ a/an+ n(+主语+谓语)！eg. How strange an old man he is!How big and red an apple (it is)!*感叹句中的省略：1.为了强调感叹句中的主干部分，或避免重复啰嗦，感叹句中的主语和谓语有时被省略了。Eg. What a stu
42、pid man (he is)! 多么愚蠢的人！How wonderful (it is)! 多么精彩！What a fine day (it is)! 多么晴朗的一天！What red apples (they are)! 多么红的苹果啊！How cool (the weather is)! 好凉快啊！2. 有时一个词、一个有独立意义的词组、一个表达特殊意义的其他句子（包括陈述句、疑问句和祈使句），可以通过重读等方式加强语气，达到感叹的目的。E.g. Fire! Fire!着火啦！着火啦! Dreadful sight!好可怕的景象！There goes the train!火车来了！*感叹
43、句与陈述句的转换：What a lovely girl she is! 多么可爱的女孩！ She is a lovely girl.What beautiful flowers they are! 多美的花啊！ They are beautiful flowers.What heavy snow it is! 多大的雪啊！ It is heavy snow.How cold it is today! 今天的天气真冷啊！ It is cold.How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画啊！ The pictures are nice.How happy they loo
44、k! 他们显得多么高兴啊！ They look happy.How well she sings! 她唱得多好啊！ She sings well.Integrated skill & study skilldo ones best 尽力= try ones best E.g. We must do/try our best to improve our English.In order to finish the work in time, they all did/tried their best.Im not good at English, but Im going to do/try
45、my best this term.sometimes 有时，表示动作发生的不经常，用于现在或过去时态。E.g. I often do my homework, but sometimes I watch TV. 我经常做作业，但有时看电视。【近义词辨析】sometime, some time, some timessometime 在某时，有朝一日，只将来或过去的一个不确定的时间E.g. I saw her sometime last year. 我曾在去年见过她。some time 名词词组 “一段时间”e.g. I waited for you for some time. 我等你有些时
46、候了。some times “几次，次数”E.g. I called you some times this morning, but nobody answered it.我今天上午给你打了几次电话，但没人接。grade 分数，成绩 e.g. He always gets high grades in school.他在学校里总是得高分。*等级，级别 e.g. This grade of wool can be sold at a high price.这种登记的羊毛可以卖高价。get better results in 在某方面取得更好的成绩E.g. I hope you can get better results in English.if 如果，引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。E.g. If you study hard, you will study well.not.at all 一点也不；根本不 表示完全否定E.g. He doesnt like this job at all. 他一点也不喜欢这份工作。 H