新冀教版七年级英语上册短语与句型总结(共16页).doc

上传人:飞****2 文档编号:13377967 上传时间:2022-04-29 格式:DOC 页数:16 大小:94.50KB
返回 下载 相关 举报
新冀教版七年级英语上册短语与句型总结(共16页).doc_第1页
第1页 / 共16页
新冀教版七年级英语上册短语与句型总结(共16页).doc_第2页
第2页 / 共16页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

《新冀教版七年级英语上册短语与句型总结(共16页).doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《新冀教版七年级英语上册短语与句型总结(共16页).doc(16页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上新冀教版七年级英语上册知识点总结 Unit 1短语:1.be from=come from来自2.over there在那里3.a visiting student一个访问生4.have lessons=have classes上课5.play sports=do sports=have sports进行体育运动6.plan lessons备课7.have fun=have a good /nice/great/wonderful time玩得愉快8.guessing games猜谜游戏9.a shopping list一张购物单10.in Class Five 在五

2、班11.You go first. 你先来句型:1.介绍自己要用My name is . . . 或I am. . . ,介绍别人则用His/Her name is. . .或This is. . .询问别人的姓名用Whats your/his/her name?2.询问对方的身体健康状况,要用How are you? 答语为:Im fine/Fine,thanks.3 Good morning/afternoon/evening!早上/下午/晚上好!Good night 晚安!4 This is-这是.5 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事6 show sb.around带领某人参观

3、 Show sb sth/show sth to sb把某物展示给某人7 Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事8 Excuse me.May I have/borrow-?抱歉/打扰。我可以借.吗?表示客气的请求要用May I,please?答语为Sure./OK (Here you are.) .borrow 与 have.都可以表示“借”之意,区别在于:前者表示借了要还;而后者则指借了不必还。如:May I borrow your book, please? May I have a piece of paper?9 See you later.再见10 Here

4、 you are!给你11 Thank you /thanks!谢谢! You are welcome.不客气/不用谢Thats all right/It doesnt matter.12 need to do sth.需要做某事need doing sth 需要被做某事13 How/What about doing sth.?z做某事怎么样?How/What about sth.?某事/物怎么样?How/What about sb ?某人呢?/某人怎么样?14 make a list列清单15 人们见面时的寒喧话常用Nice to meet you.答语为:Nice to meet you,

5、 too或Me,too.16 Welcome to.欢迎到.17 homeroom teacher 指导教师18 at the store=in a shop在商店19.询问单数物品时,要用Whats this/it? 答语为Its a/an +单数名词。其中,this为指示代词,表示离说话人较近的事物。在答语中,一般要用it 代替this.20. borrow.from.从/向.借入Lend.to.把.借给.21. buy反义词sell Buy sb sth/buy sth for sb给某人买某物三、语法1. an 后面加以开头的名词 单元音: i: i e a: : u u: : : e

6、i ai i u au i u a 后面加以开头的名词 辅音: p b t d k g f v s z t d tr dr ts dz m n h l r w j2. some 和 any 的用法 some意为“一些”,可作形容词和代词。它常修饰可数名词。如:some books一些书,some boys一些男孩,也可修饰不可数名词,如:some water一些水,some tea一些茶叶,some常用在肯定句中。any意为“任何一些”,它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,常用于疑问句和否定句。如: -I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶。 - see any tea.

7、我没看见茶叶。 -Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗? -I have some English books, they are my best friends. 我有英语书,它们是我最好的朋友。 但在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。如: Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡? What about some fruit juice? 来点水果汁如何?3. too 用于肯定句句末, also用于be动词,助动词,情态动词之后,实意动词之前,either用于否

8、定句句末,都表示“也”4. 英语国家的名字是姓氏(surname)在后,名(given name)在前.如:Jim Green中Jim是名字,Green是姓氏. Unit 2短语:1.look at看. look(看的动作) see(看的结果)e out出现3.in the sky在天空中4.be/get ready for准备去.5.say goodbye to向人说再见6.catch a cold(患)感冒7.go back/come back回去8.put on-take off穿上-脱下 put on(穿的动作)wear(穿的状态)9.go well with和.很相配;协调10.ta

9、ke.out of把所有的.取出11.around the world=all over the world全世界12.just right 刚刚好,正好13.in black and white 身穿黑白相间的衣服14.at the shopping centre 在购物中心15.a pair of socks/shorts/pants/glasses/shoes/gloves一双袜子、一条短裤/长裤、一副眼镜、一双鞋、一双手套16.light blue 浅蓝色17.How much+不可数名词(提问不可数名词数量) How many+可数名词复数(提问可数名词数量)如:How many m

10、arkers do you have? I have four./Four.句型:1.mix A and/with B; mix.together把A和B混合在一起 2.Whats your favourite colour?你最喜欢的颜色是什么?3.询问物品的颜色时,要用What colour is/are? 答语为Its/They are+颜色。如:What colour is your skirt ? Its pink.4.How many colours do you see?你能看到多少颜色?5. 询问物品是谁的,要用whose . whose 可以作定语,也可以作表语,两种句型常可

11、以进行同义转换。如:Whose shots are these?=Whose are these shorts?6.be/get ready to do sth.准备去做某事7.want sth想要某物 want to do sth 想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事8.Lets go shopping.让我们去购物9.Its too small/big/long/short for me.它对我来说太小、大、长、短。10.forget sth忘记某物 forget /remember to do sth 忘记/记得去做某事 forget/remember doin

12、g sth 忘记/记得做过某事11、cold反义词hot cool反义词warm12. so+形容词或副词13、 look+形容词(表语)14、提问颜色用what colour.15、maybe 和may beMaybe是副词,意思是“或许,大概”may be 是情态动词后家加动词原形beEg:Maybe he is a student或He may be a student.16. 人称代词与物主代词人称第一人称单 数第二人称单 数第三人称单数第一人称复 数第二人称复 数第三人称复 数主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey我你他她它我们你们他(她、它)们宾格meyouhimheritu

13、syouthem我你他她它我们你们他(她、它)们形容词性物主代 词my我的your你的his他的her她的its它的our我们的your你们的their他(她、它)们的名词性物主代 词mine我的yours你的his他的hers她的its它的ours我们的yours你们的theirs他(她、它)们的1)主格常作主语, 其中主格与动词be (am, is, are) 的连用如下:人称代词主格与跟在它后面的be动词可以缩写:如I am=Im ,you are=youre, He is=hes, she is=shes, it is =its we are=were,they are=theyre2

14、)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如:I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语)a. - Who broke the vase? -谁打碎了花瓶?b. - Me. -我。(me做主语补语= Its me.)说明:在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I。3)形容词性的物主代词(只作定语)+名词, 如my book 我的书

15、 her hat 她的帽子。形容词可作定语,形容词(定语) + 名词, 如good boy好男孩favorite subject最喜欢的科目。形容词可与 be (am, is, are) 连用作定语, be (am, is, are) + 形容词 (表语) 如 He is happy4)名词性物主代词的句法功能a. 作主语,例如:May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。b. 作宾语,例如:I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深

16、。c. 作介词宾语,例如:Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的意义去解释。d. 作主语补语,例如:The life I have is yours. Its yours. Its yours. 我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。5). 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词为避免重复使用名词,有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。例:My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his b

17、ag is blue and your bag is pink. 为避免重复使用bag,可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. Unit 3短语:1.play with sb/sth 和某人玩或玩某物2.do ones homework做某人的作业3.make noodles 制作面条4.feel blue感到很忧伤5.see red火冒三丈6.a symbol of .的象征7.listen to听.8.wave ones hand挥手9.stand against/upon靠.站着10.one met

18、re long 一米长11.see a doctor/go to the doctor看病、12.take the/this medicine 吃药13.have a headache/stomachache头痛/胃痛14.have a cold/catch a cold 感冒15.stay home待在家里16.have a good rest好好休息17.look different/the same看起来不同/相同18.think of/come up with想出 想起句型:1.make sth. for sb.给某人制作某物2.use AforB 把A用于B3. 询问人的高度用How

19、 tall,回答时用“数字 + metre(s) + tall”,也可以用I dont know如:How tall are you? Im 1.3 metres tall.4. Whats wrong?=Whats the matter=whats the trouble(with sb/sth)(某人、某物怎么啦)询问人或物品的情况用Whats the matter? 还可说成Whats the matter with?其答语并不固定,如:Whats the matter with your finger? I cut it. It hurts.5. Are you OK?你好吗6. Yo

20、ud/ had better (not)do sth.你最好(不)做某事7. Youd better go and see a doctor.你最好去看大夫8.What does sb look like?问某人的外貌 What is sb like?问某人的性格9.询问对方的感受用How do you feel?回答时用Im/I feel+表示感情或感觉的形容词.如:-How do you feel? 你感觉怎么样? -Im/I feel happy/sad/cold/hot/tired/cool/warm.我(感到)很高兴/难过/冷/热/累/凉爽/暖和.9.同反义词tall反short b

21、ig反small happy反sad laugh反cry up反down wrong反righttoo同义词also10. have/has的用法口诀 动词have表示“有”,位置就在主语后。“三单”主语用has,其他人称用have。一般问句句首do/does添。否定句子也一样,dont /doesnt 主语后面站。1.A dog has four legs.2.Our school has a library.3.We have 37 chairs in our classroom.4.My sister has a nice toy car.5.Does that girl have a

22、doll?6.Do Tom and his brother have a big bedroom?7.I dont have a model plane.8.Lily doesnt have a doll. Unit 4短语:1.a glass/cup/can/bottle of一杯、一瓶.2.write down写下,记下(后面跟代词,代词放中间)3.would like/want sth想要某物 would like/want to do sth想要做某事4.take down 拿下,取下,记下(后面跟代词代词放中间)5.pass around 分发,传送(后面跟代词代词放中间)6.be

23、away不在,离开7.get enough rest得到足够的休息8.Watch TV看电视9.too much 后面跟不可数名词too many 可数名词复数much too 后面跟形容词或副词10.be full of=be filled with充满.11.Pear同音词 pair12.be short for。的缩写,简称13 hungry 反义词full14 put.on.把.放在.上15 What/How about+代词或名词或v+ing16 have to do sth不得不(客观)must do sth必须(主观)17.表达自己饥饿/口渴,想吃/喝东西时,用Im hungry

24、/thirsty. I want to eat/drink want to 的委婉说法是would like to.如:Im hungry. Iwant to / would like to eat some dumplings.句型:1.(Its ) time to do sth.到干某事的时候了。(Its ) time for sth.到.的时候了Its time for sb to do sth到某人做.的时候了2.Whats for breakfast/lunch/supper?早餐、午餐、晚餐吃什么?3.What would you like (to do) sth?你想要(做)什么

25、?4.have sth. for breakfast/lunch/supper5.Do you want to come with me?你想和我一起来吗?6.get /buy sth. for sb.给某人买某物7.Good job!/Well done!/Great!/Wonderful!/ Excellent!/Perfect做得好8. take sb to some place带某人去某地9. Are you ready to order?你准备好点餐了吗?10. How much is/are sth? / How much for sth?/Whats the price of s

26、th?某物多少钱?11. Would you like something to drink?你想要些喝的吗?(不定式修饰不定代词作后置定语)12. No problem!没问题13. Can I help you?/May I help you?/What can I do for you?你想要点什么?/需要帮忙吗?14. Ill take 表示“我将/要买。”take可用buy/get/have代替。如:Ill take /get/have/buy six.15.可数名词和不可数名词1可数名词和不可数名词(Countable noun and Uncountable noun)从名词的数

27、上划分,英语名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式,不能与a / an 连用。在这里,我们重点讲述不可数名词。不可数名词(1)不可数名词包括各种物质的统称:bread 面包, stone石头,beer啤酒, water水cream奶油, wood木头,jam果酱, ice 冰,paper纸, oil油,soap肥皂 ,glass玻璃,tea茶, gold黄金,(2)抽象名词也是不可数名词:advice 主意/忠告,death死亡,beauty美丽、漂亮,help帮助(3)在英文中下列名词也是不可数名词:baggage 行李 furniture家具weather气候 info

28、rmation信息knowledge知识 news新闻(4)不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a / an 连用,在前面往往加上some(一些), any (任何), no (没有),a little (少许)等词,或与量词搭配,组成短语。I dont want any advice or help I want some informationa piece of news 一条消息a drop of oil 一滴油a cake of soap 一块肥皂a cup of tea 一杯茶two slices of bread 两片面包three teaspoons of mayonnaise 三茶

29、匙蛋黄酱(5)英语名词的可数或不可数,不要从汉语本身去理解,要根据英语的习惯和特点判断、记忆。例如:money是不可数名词,dollar则是可数名词。I have much money 我有许多钱He has many dollars 他有许多美元。(6)有些词即是可数名词,又是不可数名词。如hair 指一个人头上的全部头发时,是不可数名词;如果指每一根毛发时,就是可数的,可以说one hair , two hairs Her hair is black Whenever she finds a grey hair she pulls it out她的头发是黑的。她只要发现有一根白发就将它拔掉

30、。可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词的单数可以与冠词a/an 连用。总结可数名词变复数的规则。一、名词复数的规则变化1) 一般的名词在词尾加-Sstudents, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.2) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加-esglasses, boxes, brushes, matches.3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加escities, babies, cherries,countries4) 以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加eshalf-halves knife-knivesleaf-leaves wolf

31、-wolveswife-wives life-lives thief-thieves;5) 以o结尾的名词,有些加es有生命的加es:Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes(黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿),无生命的加s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos,二、名词复数的不规则变化1)改变内部的元音字母:foot feet, tooth teeth, mouse mice,man men, woman women2)单复数同形:sheep sheep, deer deer, Chinese Chinese,3)加renchild childre

32、n3)集体名词, people ,class, police 等本身就是复数三、复数的发音一般情况加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches以ce, se, ze,等结尾 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby-babies Unit 5短语:1.the Smith family=the Smiths史密斯一家2.walk to school=go

33、 to school on foot步行去学校3.talk on the police radio通过警用对讲机交谈4.on weekends在周末5.play football踢足球6.be close to与.亲近7.work hard at school努力学习8.have fun=enjoy oneself=have a good time过得愉快 have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事9.in front of在外部的前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.in the front of在内部的前面There is a b

34、lackboard in the front of the classroom.10.on the wall在墙上There is a map on the wall.in the wall 在墙上 There is a window in the wall.11.lots of=a lot of+不可数名词=much lots of=a lot of+可数名词复数=many12.a basket of一篮子13.look out=be careful=take care小心14.go on a picnic=have a picnic去野餐15.have a birthday party举行

35、生日聚会16.make a card制作卡片17.on the front(of.) 在(.)正面18.Set the table 摆放餐具,布置餐桌句型:1.What does/do sb do?/What be(is/are) sb?/What is ones job?问某人的职业She/He is a.2.talk to sb. about sth.关于某事同某人交谈3. 询问对方的年龄时用句型How old are you ? 答语为:I am + 数词(+years old )如How old are you ? I am thirteen .( years old)4. 生日祝贺用

36、语为:Happy birthday ( to you)!答语为:Thank you.或 Thanks之类的感谢用语。5.use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事6.询问某人住/生活在哪里的说法是:Where do/does +主语+live?询问某物的地点或位置时用Where提问,句型结构为Where + be + 主语?Where 所提问的常常是由above/below/beside/in/on等构成的介词短语。如:Where is the picture? Its above the bed.7.一般现在时一般现在时态:表示现阶段经常性、 习 惯性的动作或现阶段存在的状态、 特征

37、及心理活动.常用的状语有: often , sometimes , usually , every day 等。一般现在时的句型1).句子的谓语动词是be(am,is,are)动词肯定句:主语+be(am/is/are) (I)我是am, (you)你是are,is跟着他(he)她(she)它(it),单数is,复数are否定句:主语+be(am/is/are)+not.疑问句:Are/Is +主语+.肯定回答:Yes, 主语(人称代词主格)+be(am/is/are).否定回答:No, 主语(人称代词主格)+be(am/is/are)+not.2)句子的谓语动词是实意动词实义动词为原形:肯定

38、句: 主语+V(原) I like bananas.否定句: 主语+dont+V(原) I do not like bananas一般疑问句: do提前:Do+主语 +V(原) Do you have bananas?肯定回答Yes,主语+ do. 否定回答No,主+ do+not实意动词为三单: 肯定句:主语+ V(三单) She likes bananas.否定句: 主语+doesnt +V(原) He does not/doest like bananas.一般疑问句: does提前:Does+主语 +V(原) Does she like bananas?肯定回答Yes,主语+ does

39、 否定回答No,主+ does+not(陈述句变成(特殊)疑问句时I/we 变为 you, my/our 变为 your,and 变为 or,some 变为 any)动词的“三单”形式的构成规则1).一般情况下, 直接加-s”2)s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的单词, 直接加“es”3)以辅音字母加“y”结尾的单词, 变“y”为“i”再加“es”(s在清辅音之后发/s/ ,其他情况下发/z/,es发为/iz/)含有动词do 的句子在变化时,一定别把do 丢了!例如:Li Ping does his homework in the eveing. 否定句:Li Ping doesnt do his

40、homework in the evening.疑问句:Does Li Ping do his homework in the evening?8.现在进行时1)基本含义 表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的情况。 如: Im reading a book. 我正在读书。 也可以表示现阶段正在而此刻不一定进行的动作。 如: What are you doing these days? 这些天你在干什么? 还可以表示一个按计划即将发生的动作。但仅适用于 go, come, leave, arrive等少数动词,且经常和一个表 示将来的时间的状语连用。 如: Im going hiking next

41、week. 我打算下周去徒步旅行。2)谓语结构:助动词be+现在分词 助动词be本身没有词汇意义,它应随主语的人 称和数变化。其变化形式与连系动词be相同, 即第一人称单数用am,第三人称单数用is,其 他情况一律用are。3).现在分词(-ing)的构成规则 1.一般情况下,直接在动词末尾加-ing do-doing, stand-standing 2.以不发音e结尾的单词,先去e再加-ing close-closing, take-taking 3.以重读闭音节(一个元音字母跟一个辅音字母,且重读)结尾的单词,先双写末尾的辅音 字母,再加-ing get-getting, cut-cutt

42、ing 4.以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing4)使用场合 当句中含有now, at the moment(此刻), these days, recently(最近)。如: She is talking to her mother at the moment. 此刻 她正在和老师谈话。当句句子前面有listen,look,Its+时间点,等时。如: Listen! The teacher is singing an English song. 听!这位老师正在唱英文歌。 上文提示某一动作正在进行。如: Where is Danny? 丹尼在哪儿? He is listening to the r

43、adio in his room. 他正在 房间里听收音机。 5).句式结构 陈述句式的肯定式及否定式。否定式在助动词be后加not。如: Youre cleaning the floor. You arent reading. 你正在擦地板。 不是在读书。 He is listening to the teacher. He isnt dancing. 他正在听老师 (讲话)。他不在跳舞。一般疑问句形式:将助动词be提到主语前,句末加“?”。如: Are you watching TV? 你在看电视吗?Is Lily wearing a red dress? 莉莉在穿着一件红裙子吗? 特殊疑

44、问句句式:特殊疑问词+be+主语+现在分词+?如: What are they doing? 他们正在做什么? What is your brother drinking? 你哥哥正在做什么? Unit 6短语:1.get off下车get on上车2.get lost=be lost迷路3.on ones way to在去.的路上4.look for寻找5.turn right/left右转或左转6.good luck( to sb)祝(某人)好运7.make a noise/make noises制造噪音8.of course/sure/certainly当然9.on the farm在农场e on来吧11.learn about/of 得知,获悉12.on ones left/right在某人的左边或右边13.get to/reach/arrive at/in都表示到达 arrive是不及物动词,接地名的时候要加at/in,一般大地方用in,小地方用at如 I arrive in Beijing yesterday.我昨天到北京。reach是及物动词,直接接地名如:I reached Beijing yesterday.get to也是直接接地名。(后跟副

展开阅读全文
相关资源
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 教育专区 > 教案示例

本站为文档C TO C交易模式,本站只提供存储空间、用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,本站只是中间服务平台,本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。本站仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知淘文阁网,我们立即给予删除!客服QQ:136780468 微信:18945177775 电话:18904686070

工信部备案号:黑ICP备15003705号© 2020-2023 www.taowenge.com 淘文阁