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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 如何猜测阅读理解题中的生词词义词汇是阅读理解的基础的基础。我们必须掌握教材中所学所有的单词和词组；了解构词法知识，如熟记一些常见的前缀、后缀，以及词语的合成和转化等；并且要进行大量的课外阅读扩大自己的词汇量。尽管如此，在阅读中还是不可避免会遇到生词或者熟词生义，因此，我们必须学会如何猜测词义。任何一个词语，在一定的上下文中只能表示一个确定的词义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从以下几个方面来考虑：一、 根据定义或解释猜测词义 A person who is s
2、killed at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.What does the word “carpenter” mean in Chinese?A. 诗人 B. 木匠C. 厨师 D. 伐木工人 通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出carpenter是B“木匠”A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It
3、 is the same as “to tell a secret”.Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he _.A. makes everyone know a secretB. the woman bout a catC. buys a cat in the bagD. sells the cat in the bag在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个
4、新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。二、根据情景和逻辑进行判断As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police h
5、ow to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.In the text, “put an end to” means “_”.A. Stop B. Cut C. Kill D. fly根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是A。三、根据并列或同位或对比关系猜测词义There is a place on our ear
6、th where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand.What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese?A. 自来水 B. 大气C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。Though Toms face has
7、 been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.What does the word “grubby” mean in Chinese?A. 干净的 B. 白皙的 C. 肮脏的 D. 整齐的 和clean意思相对的是“肮脏的”，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的” 四、根据因果关系猜测词义通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：
8、You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.What does the word “blame” mean in Chinese?A. 表扬 B. 告诉 C. 责备 D. 原谅通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可知blame的词义是责备。 She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.What does the word “trim” mean in Chinese? 根据because从句所讲的意思
9、，我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意 五、根据构词法知识猜测词义 根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，（disdisadvantage（缺点）in- incorrect（不正确的）im-impossible（不可能的）un- unemployment（失业）mismisunderstand（误解）Re-reuse（重复使用）就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。例如：The colors of Hawaii in Summer are unforgettable.What does the word “unforgettable” mean in Chinese?A. 淡忘的 B. 清
10、晰的 C. 难忘的 D. 高兴的 利用构词法常识和我们已熟悉的词forget，我们可以知道unforgettable就是“令人难忘的”意思。六、根据背景和常识判断The following morning when I went to see how my captive (caged) bird was doing, I discovered it on the floor of the cage, dead. I was terribly surprised! What had happened! I had taken extremely care of my little bird.
11、Arthur Wayne, the famous ornithologist, who happened to be visiting my father at the time, hearing me crying over the death of my bird, explained what had happened. “A mother mockingbird, finding her young in a cage, will sometimes bring it poison berries(毒莓). She thinks it better for her young to d
12、ie than to live in captivity.”An ornithologistrnldst is probably a person who _.A. studies birds B. loves creatures C. majors in habits D. takes care of treesOrnithologist 这个词从来没有见到过，但是通过他的语言我们可以判断出这是一个对鸟很有研究的人。我很爱鸟，把鸟装在笼子里，并细心照料，而且鸟的母亲也飞过来喂这只鸟，但这只鸟却死了，我很不理解。到我家来的这个人给我详细解释了鸟死的原因，说明这个人非常懂鸟。据此，我们可以断定答
13、案是A。A.阅读以下名片，并回答问题（建议只看一遍）Chaoyang Foreign Language SchoolHarry GreenEnglish TeacherAdd: 38 Chaoyang Street Beijing E-mail: chinljTel: (010) Beijing Children HospitalZhang jingDoctorAdd: 56 Nanlishi Road Beijing Tel: (010) ( ) 1. Harry is a _, and Zhangjing is a _. A. teacher, teacher B. doctor, doc
14、tor C. teacher, doctor ( ) 2. If child is ill, you may call Zhangjing. Her telephone number is _ A. (010) B. (010) C. ( ) 3. A card mainly tells us a persons _. A.name and work B. telephone number C. both A and B ( ) 4. Harry Green e-mail is _. A.chinljB. chanlj C. chinj ( ) 5. Zhang Jings postal co
15、de is _. A. B. C. (010) 答案C B C A A这道题，建议只看一遍是为了测试看你的瞬间记忆能力如何，在实际的日常生活中，我们经常会遇到类似的问题。 阅读第一篇常考，简单，快速，用时少B.Most people who work in the office have a boss (老板). So do I (我也是). But my boss is a little unusual. Whats unusual about him? Its a big dig. Many men have dogs, but few men bring their dogs to th
16、e office every day. My bosss dog, Robinson, is big and brown. My boss brings him to work every day. He takes the dog to meetings and he takes the dog to lunch. When there is telephone call for my boss, I always know if he is in the office. I only look under his desk. If I see something brown and hai
17、ry (毛绒绒的) under it, I know my boss is somewhere in the office. If there is no dog , I know my boss is out. 1. People _bring dogs to the office. A. usuallyB. often C. seldom (几乎不)D. sometimes 2. My boss is Robinsons _. A. boss B. master C. classmateD. teacher 3. Robinson goes to meetings _ my boss. A
18、. for B. without C. instead of (代替)D. with 4. Robinson is always under the desk if the boss is _. A. in the office B. at meetings C. out of the office D. out of work 5. The passage tells us the boss _ the dog very much. A. looks likeB. hates (恨) C. likes D. trust(信任) 答案C B D A C1.由日常生活的常识可知，很少有人带狗上班
19、2.通读全文，我的BOSS 是个人，也就是说是狗的主人3.with有“跟某人一起”的意思，例如：I go to see a film with my parents.”5.通过整篇文章的阅读，可以判断除了C外，其他的选项都不符合原文的意思C. When people meet each other for the first time in Britain, they say “How do you do?”and shake hands(握手). Usually they do not shake hands when they just meet or say goodbye. But t
20、hey shake hands after they havent met for a long time or when they will be away from each other for a long time.Last year a group of German students went to England for a holiday. Their teacher told them that the English people hardly shake hands. So when they met their English friends at the statio
21、n, they kept their hands behind their backs. The English students had learned that the Germans shake hands as often as possible, so they put their hands in front and got ready to shake hands with them. It made both of them laugh.根据短文内容选择最佳答案，将其标号填入题前括号内。（25）（1）It isif you know the language and some
22、of the customs of the country. A.not useful B.not helpful C.very helpful D.very bad （2）English people usually shake hands when they . A.meet every time B.meet for the first time C.say goodbye to each other D.say hello to each other （3）Usually English people dont shake hands . A.when they will be awa
23、y for a long time B.when they say“How do you do?” C.when they just meet or say goodbye D.after they havent met for a long time （4）Which is right? A.German people shake hands as often as possible. B.English people like shaking hands very much. C.German people hardly shake hands. D.Neither English peo
24、ple nor Germans like shaking hands. （5）This story is about . A.shaking hands B.languages C.customs D.languages and customs 答案： (1) C (2) B (3) C (4) A (5) CD.Visitors to London often eat in restaurants . The owners and workers in them are all from other countries. The visitors say in these restauran
25、ts they dont feel they are in England. Most of English people eat at home as much as they can. Sometimes they themselves will think they are in another country when they are in restaurants. When an Englishman goes out of a restaurant, he may find that he doesnt understand why everything is written i
26、n French and Italian.Most of English people think it is better to eat at home, because it is cheaper. They dont want to spend much money on food and they like cooking at home. They like fast food. But for Christmas, they will spend two or three weeks to get ready for it, because they want to have go
27、od food.6. Visitors to London often eat in restaurants because_.A. they dont like the food at home B. their homes are not in LondonC. its cheaper D. restaurants are beautiful places7. When English people eat in restaurants , they sometimes think _.A. they are in another country B. they are in the co
28、untryC. they are themselves D. they love their country8. Some of English people dont know _.A. why everything comes from French and Italian B. why people write everything in French and Italian C. everything in restaurants D. everyone in restaurants9. English people eat at home because _.A. it is fas
29、t B. the food is expensive at homeC. it is sometimes very cheap D. the food is very cheap at home10._ English people will spend much time for Christmas .A. In order to get more food B. In order to have much foodC. In order to get good food D. In order to have enough food6.B游客由于家不在伦敦，只好到餐馆吃饭。7.A由于英国人
30、不习惯在外吃饭，就餐者多为外国人，因此英国人误以为在外国。8.B英国人搞不明白为什么餐馆里的东西用法语和意大利语来写。9.D英国人在家吃饭，主要原因是便宜。10.C为了在过圣诞节时能吃上丰盛的饭菜，英国人总要花上很长时间准备。E.The world is not hungry , but it is thirsty . It seems strange that nearly 3/4 of the earth is covered with water while we say we are short of (短缺) water. Why? Because about 97% of wate
31、r on the earth is sea water which we cant drink or use for watering plants directly (直接地) . Man can only drink and use the 3% - the water that comes from rivers and lakes. And we cant even use all of that, because some of it has been polluted (污染) .Now more water is needed. The problem is: Can we av
32、oid (避免) a serious water shortage later on? First, we should all learn how to save water. Secondly, we should find out the ways to reuse it . Scientists have always been making studies in the field. Today, in most large cities water is used only once and then runs to the sea or rivers . But it can b
33、e used again. Even if (即使) every large city reused its water, still there would not be enough. What could people turn to next?The sea seems to have the best answer. There is a lot of water in the sea. All that needs to be done is to get the salt out of the sea water. This is expensive, but its alrea
34、dy used in many parts of the world. Scientists are trying to find a cheaper way of doing it. So you see, if we can find a way out, well be in no danger of drying up.1 . The world is thirsty because _.A. 3/4 of the earth is covered with waterB. we have enough sea water to use directlyC. we havent use
35、d all the water in rivers and lakesD. about 97% of water on the earth cant be drunk or used for watering plants directly2. Which of the following is true ?A. 3% of water on the earth is in rivers and lakes.B. 75% of water on the earth is the sea.C. 97% of the earth is covered with water.D. 3% of wat
36、er on the earth is sea water.3. From the passage we learn _.A. if every city reuses its water, well be in no danger of drying upB. man can only drink and use about 25% of water on the earthC. today in most large cities water is used only onceD. water can be used only once4 . To avoid the serious wat
37、er shortage , which of the following is the most important?A. Save water and try to make good use of the water in rivers and lakes.B. Dont pollute water and keep all rivers and lakes clean.C. Make dirty water clean and then reuse it.D. Try to find a cheaper way to get the salt out of the sea water.5
38、. The name of the passage would be _A. The Sea Water B. How to Save WaterC. The Thirsty World D. The Polluted Water答案1D 2A 3C 4D 5C其中5是主旨大意题。文章第一段叙述世界上仅有3的水能使用；第二段叙述人们需要淡水，想尽办法节约用水；第三段概述海水淡化的昂贵以及缺水的危险。本文着重解释为什么地球是个 thirsty world ，如何解决它的饥渴，故选CF. We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowe
39、rs. Our car was full of flowers inside! On the way home we had to stop at traffic lights , and there my wife saw the bookshelf.It stood outside a furniture (家具)shop. Buy it, she said at once. Well carry it home on the roof-rack (车顶架) . Ive always wanted one like that . What could I do? Ten minutes l
40、ater I was twenty dollars poorer, and the bookshelf was tied on to the roof-rack. It was tall and narrow, quite heavy too .As it was getting darker, I drove slowly . Other drivers seemed more polite than usual that evening. The police even stopped traffic to let us through . Carrying furniture was a
41、 good idea.After a time my wife said, Theres a long line of cars behind . Why dont they overtake (超车) ?Just at that time a police car did overtake. The two officers (警官)inside looked at us seriously when they went past . But then , with a kind smile they asked us to follow their car through the busy
42、 traffic. The police car stopped at our village church (教堂) . One of the offices came to me.Right, sir, he said. Do you need any more help now?I didnt quite understand . Thanks, officer, I said . Youve been very kind. I lived just down the road. He was looking at our things: first at the flowers, th
43、en at the bookshelf. Well, Well, he said and laughed . Its a bookshelf youve got there ! We thought it was-er, something else . My wife began to laugh . Suddenly I understood why the police drove here .I smiled at the officer. Yes, its a bookshelf, but thanks again. I drove home as fast as I could .
44、1 . From the story we know that _. A . the writer was poor and didnt buy the bookshelf for his wife B . the writers wife didnt like the bookshelf at all C . the writer was always glad to buy something for his wife D . the writer was not very willing to buy the bookshelf for his wife 2 . What made th
45、e writer think that carrying furniture was a good idea? A . He could drive slowly and it was safe. B . Other drivers would let him go first . C . His wife could use a new bookshelf. D . He could save a lot of money and time. 3 . Why were the police and other drivers so kind to the writer? A . Because they thought the writer liked studying very much and needed a bookshelf. B . Because they didnt think it was polite to overtake a car with a bookshelf on it . C . Because they thought somebody in the writers family had died and he needed help .