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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上名词语法和练习题1. 定义 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不
2、可数名词。2. 名词复数的规则变化（情况，构成方法，读音，例词）a. 一般情况在名词后加-s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-carsb. 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的名词加-es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches/brush-brushes/box-boxesc. 以ce, se, ze,等结尾加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licensesd. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把变y 为i再加es读 /z/baby-babies e. 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：1). 加s，如： photo-p
3、hotos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos；2). 加es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes3). 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero-zeros / zeroes。f. 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：1). 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofssafe-safes gulf-gulfs2). 去f, fe 加ves，如：half-halves knife-knivesleaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves3). 上
4、述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。3. 名词复数的不规则变化1） child-children foot-feet tooth-teethmouse-mice man-men woman-women注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2） 单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chines
5、e，Japanese ，yuan等。4. 名词所有格1）在英语中有些名词可以加“s”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，例如：Wheres Lin Taos bike?林涛的自行车在哪？2）如果原词已经有复数词尾-s,则仅仅加一个“ ”，例如：teachers office老师的办公室3）如果是复数，但不带词尾-s,则仍然加“s”，例如：those mens hats 那些男士的帽子4）如果表示各自的所有关系时，名词末尾均需加“s”，例如：Jims and Kates glasses 吉姆和凯特各自的眼镜5）如果表示共同的所有关系时，仅在最后一词的末尾加“s”，例如：Jim
6、 and Kates kite 吉姆和凯特的风筝（两个人共同拥有的）6）如果表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，例如：Shall we go to Meimeis for supper?我们一起到梅梅家去吃饭，好吗？7）没有生命的名词所有格用of，例如：This is a photo of my family. 这是我家的一张全家福。练习题一. 圈出下列单词中的不可数名词peach ink water zoo sister coffee knife snow ice tea orange fridge jeep rain wind car teacher
7、music ear cola watermelon cherry 二. 写出下列名词的复数形式1.watch_ 2.class_ 3.shelf_4.dog_ 5.dish_ 6.child_7.nurse_ 8.desk_ 9.boy_10.baby_ 11.tooth_ 12.eye_13.sheep_ 14.tomato_ 15.library_16.goose_ 17.photo_ 18.telephone_三. 填入所给名词的适当形式1. We have three_(pen).2. This is an _(apple).3. Where is the_(pencil)?4. Th
8、ere is a little _ in the bottle(juice).5. Are you a _(driver)? Yes, I am.6. There are a few _(watch)on the desk.7. Many_(shelf)are in our school library.8. He has some_(ink).9. The_(girl)in red is Mary.10. How many_(people)are there in your family? Three.四. 将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类school pineapple panda ja
9、cket peach cat pen library hat trousers ruler classroom lemon dress tiger playground ink eraser shirt elephant ballpointpen computer room deer pencil-case snake shorts socks 1. pencil2. banana3. coat4. wolf5. school building五、 选择题( )1.There is _on the table.b) PlateB.a plateC.plates( )2.I can see ma
10、ny _in the garden.A.flowersB.a flower C.flowers( )3.The_on the hills are all white.A.sheepB.sheepsC.dog( )4.These new_are for you.A.skirtB.shoe C.shirts( )5.The clock has three_A.legsB.legC.faces( )6.They are not in the same_.A.classB.classesC.familys( )7.Is this your_?A.a keyB.keys C.key( )8.They a
11、re having_.A.a classB.English class C.Chinese class( )9.There are so many _in the hall.A.peoplesB.peopleC.a people( )10.The_has some nice pictures.A.boysB.teachers C.child( )11.The_are dancing at the party.A.womanB.womenC.man( )12.The _are in Room408.A.studentB.a student C.students( )13.Whos that_?
12、Shes my mother.A.manB.womanC.women( )14.The_are catching the thief.A.policemanB.policemen C.policemans( )15.There are new _in my schoolbag.A.knifeB.knifes C.knives( )16._jacket is it? May be its_.A.Whos;TomsB.What;Toms C.Whose;Toms( )17.The books are the_.A.teachersB.teachers C.teacher()18.There are
13、 a lot of children in the park on_Day.A.children B.ChildrensC.Childrens()19.Is it the twins bedroom? Yes,it is. Its_bedroom.A.Ann and AnnasB.Anns and AnnasC.Ann and Anna()20.That is _dog.A.TomsB.TomsC.Tom()21._coats are very pretty.A.Jim and TimsB.Jims and TimsC.Jim and Tim()22.They are going to the
14、ir_home for dinner.A.unclesB.uncleC.uncles()23.The big room is_.A.the twinsB.twinsC.the twins()24.March 8th is_.A.Womans DayB.Womans Day C.Womens Day六、英汉互译。1.一位美国医生_ 2.许多绵羊_3.不同的季节_ 4.一杯牛奶_5.凯特的家庭照_ 6.my uncles friend_7.her cats name_ 8.the doors of the classroom_9.the twins mother_ 10.Lucy and Kate
15、s bedroom_小学英语之小学英语数词练习题( )1There are _ days in a year Athree hundred and sixty five Bthree hundred and sixty-five Cthree hundreds and sixty five Dthree hundreds and sixtyfive( )2Danny lives in _ Aroom 404 BRoom 404 C404 room D404 Room( )3Jim is in _ Aclass one，grade six Bgrade one，class six CClass
16、One，Grade Six DGrade One, Class Six( )4The bike cost me _ yuan Afive hundred forty Bfive hundreds fourty Cfive hundred and forty Dfive hundred fourty( )5My telephone number is _ Aeighty eight two forty four zero nine Beight eight two double four O nine Ceighty eight two forty-four zero nine Deight e
17、ight two four four zero nine( )6Is there any food for us _? Aten Btenth Cthe tenth Dthe ten( )7Mary is _ girl A. an 8 year old B8一yearsold Cthe 8 years old Dan 8一yearold( )8What day is today? _ AJune BTuesday CIt is hot DIts fine( )9Whats the date today? _ AIts Saturday BIts July CIts fine DIts JuIy
18、 15( )10What time do you get up every day? AIts seven oclock BSeven oclock time CAt seven DOn seven1There are _ days in a yearAthree hundred and sixty five Bthree hundred and sixty-fiveCthree hundreds and sixty five Dthree hundreds and sixtyfive( )2Danny lives in _Aroom 404 BRoom 404 C404 room D404
19、Room( )3Jim is in _Aclass one，grade six Bgrade one，class sixCClass One，Grade Six DGrade One Class Six( )4The bike cost me _ yuanAfive hundred forty Bfive hundreds fourtyCfive hundred and forty Dfive hundred fourty( )5My telephone number is _Aeighty eight two forty four zero nineBeight eight two doub
20、le four O nineCeighty eight two forty-four zero nineDeight eight two four four zero nine( )6Is there any food for us _?Aten Btenth Cthe tenth Dthe ten( )7Mary is _ girlA. an 8 year old B8一yearsold Cthe 8 years old Dan 8一yearold( )8What day is today? _AJune BTuesday CIt is hot DIts fine( )9Whats the
21、date today? _AIts Saturday BIts July CIts fine DIts JuIy 15( )10What time do you get up every day?AIts seven oclock BSeven oclock timeCAt seven DOn seven一、单项选择1.The tree is tall. A. fourteen foots B. fourteen feet C. fourteen foot D. forty foot2.Fifty plus . A. fourty is ninety B. forty is ninety C.
22、 thirty is ninety D. fifty is ninety3.There are students in this school.A. four hundred fifty-twoB. four hundreds fifty twoC. four hundred and fifty-twoD. four hundreds and fifty-two4.My home is about away from the school. A. three hundred metre B. three hundreds metres C. three hundred metres D. th
23、ree hundred metre5.December is and last month in a year. A.the twelveth B.twelve C.the twelfth D.twelfth6. of the teachers in the school are from colleges. A.Three quarters B.Two-third C.Two fifth D.Two-ninth7.There were two world wars during century. A.the twenties B.the twentieth C.twenties D.twen
24、tieth8.In the forties, his father served in the New Army(新四军)，while his mother worked in the Route Army(八路军). A. Fourth; Eighth B.Four; Eighth C.Fourth; eight D.Fourth; eighth9.We are learning now. A.the twenty-first lesson B.Lesson Twenty-first C.the 21 th lesson D.Lesson 21 st10.He will stay here
25、for . A.one and half month B.one and a half month C.one months and a half D.one and a half months11.Whats the date today?Its . A.nine B.Monday C.June 5 D.11:0012.Would you like to eat apples? No, thank you. A.more two B.two more C.two another D.two else13.He said he would come back in . A.one or two
26、 days B.o or two days C.one and two days D.a day and two14.How often do you write to your parents abroad? . A.Twice a month B.Second times a month C.A second time a month D.second a time a month15. people died in the traffic accidents in the world. A.Thousand of B.Thousands of C.Ten thousands of D.T
27、en thousand of 16.In the 1850s, about was covered by forest in the USA. A.third B.a third C.the third D.a thirds17.This is her birthday, I think. A.twenty B.twentieth C.the twentieth D.the twentys18.September is TeachersDay. A.the ten B.tenth C.the tenth D.the tens19.There are children in the countr
28、y school. A.two thousand five hundred and sixty B.two thousands five hundred and sixty C.two thousands five hundreds and sixty D.two thousand five hundreds and sixty20. of the soldiers is about two thousand. A. A number B. The number of C. A great number D. The biggest numbers of一、15BBCCC 610ABAAD11
29、15CBAAB 1620BBCAB1.序数词的构成及其说明1）序数词第一、第二和第三为first, second和third,其他序列数词的构成是在基数词后加-th。例如：sixsixth sevenseventh tententh fourfourth2)fifth(第五)、eighth(第八)、ninth(第九)和twelfth(第十二)在拼法上有变化。3）二十、三十等基数词变为序数词时，要把y变成ie再加-th。例如：twentytwentieth5twentiiWfortyfortiethfC:tiiW4)基数词几十几变成序数词时，表示几十的数词不变，只把表示几的基数词变成序数词。例如
30、：twenty-onetwenty-first forty-fiveforty-fifth5)第一百、第一千、第一百万、第十亿都是在基数词后直接加-th构成。例如：第一百hundredth 第一千thousandth第一百万millionth 第十亿billionth6)序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成。例如：1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st, 32nd, 40th 2.序数词在句子中的应用序数词在句中主要是充当定语，也可以作主语、表语、宾语，前面要加定冠词the。例如：The first time I came to China, I liked it
31、 very much.我第一次来中国，我就非常喜欢这个国家。The first is always better than the second.第一总是比第二好。She will choose the third.她将选择第三。1.基数词的构成及其说明1）112是独立的单词。即： one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve2)1319,多数在末尾加-teen,但应注意13、15、18的拼写形式。例如：13thirteen 14fourteen 15fifteen16sixteen 17se
32、venteen 18eighteen19nineteen3)从2090整十位数，多数在词尾加-ty，但要注意20、30、40、50和80的拼法。例如：20twenty 30thirty 40forty50fifty 60sixty 70seventy80eighty 90ninety4)2199是由几十和几合起来构成，中间加连字符（-）。例如：21twenty-one 32thirty-two 55fifty-five74seventy-four 86eighty-six 99ninety-nine5)101999等三位数中，十位数或个位数的前面加and。例如：101a(one)hundred
33、 and one230two hundred and thirty513five hundred and thirteen678six hundred and seventy999nine hundred and ninety-nine6)1,000以上的数，要用计数逗点，即从个位开始，每隔三位数加一逗点，第一个逗点处是thousand(千)，第二逗点处是million(百万)，第三个逗点处是thousand million(英)或billion(美)（十亿）。例如：一千1，000a(one)thousand 4,596four thousand five hundred and ninety
34、-six一万10，000ten thousand 18,261eighteen thousand two hundred and sixty-one十万100，000a(one)hundred thousand 766,132seven hundred and sixty-six thousand one hundred and thirty-two一百万1，000，000a(one)million 4,538,536four million five hundred and thirty-eight thousand five hundred and thirty-six一千万10，000，
35、000ten million一亿100，000，000a(one)hundred million十亿以上的数，英美说法不同。十亿10，000，000，000英国 a(one)thousand million美国 a(one)billion百亿10，000，000，000ten thousand million注意 汉语中有百、千、万、亿等单位，而英语中有hundred(百)，thousand(千)，million（百万）等，但没有表示万和亿的专门单词，要用十进位的方法推算出来。例如：thousand千百万 ten thousand万hundred thousand 十万million百万ten
36、 million千万hundred million亿（万万）巧学巧用读数的诀窍有一首歌诀，可以帮助我们迅速地用英语读出长数字。从右向左三逗开，一逗千，二逗百万，三逗就是十万万；左右三位分开读，保你又快又喜欢。“从右向左三逗开”，指从右向左把长数字母三位用逗号分开。如：10，000；225，430；51.000，000，000“一逗千，二逗百万，三逗就是十万万；”指从右向左的第一个逗号表示“千”（thousand）；第二逗号表示“百万”（million）；第三个逗号表示“十万万”（billion,即十亿）。“左右三位分开读，保你又快又喜欢。”指读数时从左向右，每三位三位地按三位数的读法读，遇到有
37、逗号时就分别加上该逗号所表示的那个英语单词。2.hundred, thousand, million与of连用数词hundred, thousand, million等的前面有其他数词，用作确定的数目时，不用复数形式。例如：three thousand三千（不能说：three thousands）five hundred五百（不能说：five hundreds）但是当hundred, thousand, million在用作不确定的数目时，则需用复数形式，并且往往后接of。例如：hundreds of people几百人hundreds of thousands of people几十万人millions of the locusts千百万只蝗虫巧学巧用有hundred等数词有s时有of, 没有s没of；数词前面加，没有s没of；前面无数词，有s也有of。专心-专注-专业