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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初一学生词汇学习策略研究初探 词汇是组成语言的最基本的材料，是语言三要素中最重要的。没有词汇，就无所谓句子，更无所谓语言。正如语言学家Wilkins所言，“ Without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.” 词汇教学是语言教学的有机组成部分。掌握一定量的词汇是学好语言的基础，词汇量过低难以形成一定的语言运用能力。初中学生英语词汇学习的要求是应了解英语词汇包括单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配等形式；理解和领悟词语的基本含义以及在特定语境中的意义；运用词汇描述事物、行为和特征、说明概念等。但是初一学生普遍觉得初中英语词汇记忆难、忘得快
2、、不会用、考不好。许多学生感到词汇学习困难重重，严重者逐渐对英语产生厌学情绪，有的甚至于放弃这门学科。如果在初中起始阶段，教师能对学生的词汇学习策略加以重视，使初中生形成一些有效的词汇学习策略，会有助于提高学生的学习效率和自学能力，也能改善目前初一学生词汇学习困难的现状。再者初中词汇学习要求提高也要求学生掌握有效的词汇学习策略，从而能够提高学习效果。词汇学习认知策略培训 结合初一学生的实际情况和英语词汇的特点，本文总结了一些词汇教学的方法。1.字典策略：教师首先要求每个学生常备一本英汉双解字典，教给学生常用查字典的方法。当学生掌握了使用字典的方法后，教师再指导学生如何利用字典自学单词。例如，当
3、要查的单词有词尾变化时，应该先把它还原后再查词的原形查一个似乎有前缀或后缀的词时，应查这个词的词根；查几个近义词时，让学生把它们的用法及例句记下来，并逐个比较；指导学生遇到有些常用的动词或词时，多注意它们的搭配等。2.分类策略：分类策略培训主要在教学时指导学生按不同标准进行单词归类，以加强记忆。以牛津英语7B课本Persons and places为例：教师通过和学生交流what does your mother/father do ?引出各种职业的英语名称和英语地点，在教完教材内容后，教师继续补充engineer，CEO，office worker，policeman，postman和fac
4、tory，company，post office，police station等。接着让学生用what does yourher/mother/aunt/uncle do ? He/She is让学生在对话中操练词汇。最后通过小猜词竞赛来结束词汇教学。分类策略中还有重要的一项分类方法就是按构词法记忆单词。以牛津初中英语七年级课本为例：在学习helpful这个单词时，教介绍一些名词加上-ful可以构成形容词的例子，如useful，colorful，beautiful，careful等。在学习dancer时，让学生总结学过的动词加-er或-or成为表示职业的词例。总之，教到包含构词法知识的时候，教
5、师就发动学生总结这些构词规律，举大量例子说明，强化他们的记忆。3.联想策略：利用同类词联想巧记单词。如icesnowwinterskate，icewatersteam等。此外，利用同义词、近义词、反义词等词类联想记忆。把中文意思相近的词放在一起比较，如表示“花费”的词cost，pay，spend，take等，表“借”的词lend和borrow，表示“食物”的词food和diet，此外还有容易混的词boring和bored，attack和attract，model和modal，medal等。容易拼错词modem，tired，shelves等。通过联系策略，有效提高学生的词汇掌握效果。4.上下文策
6、略：许多学生习惯于死记硬背，不会在上下文中学习单词，更不善通过运用来记忆和巩固单词，因此帮助学生了解、运用上下文策略是非常必要。以牛津初中英语7A Unit5 Going shopping为例，Amy : Oh，really? Thatsquite expensive. Shop keeper: Theres a discount on last years cards. They cost only6. 其中discount是生词，引导学生根据语境就很容易记忆这个词。此外，在复习课上组织学生完成对话和口头作文练习，以加深印象。教学中有意识地渗透此策略，引导学生记住单词出现的句子，记住单词出现
7、的上下文，以培养学生的用能力。5.猜测策略：猜词策略是指在阅读过程中根据生词上下文所提供的各种线索猜词义的方法。教师结合阅读教学进行词义猜测训练。教会学生四种猜测词义方法：(l)根据上下文的逻辑发展来猜词；(2)根据词类来猜测一个词的含；(3)分析一个单词的结构来猜词；(4)运用句子的语法结构来猜测一个生的意义。例如牛津初中英语7A Unit4课文I want to play basketball, but I cant run fast. I never do any exercise. Its time for me to change now. I plan to go swimming
8、 twice a week.教师指导学生根据上下文的逻辑关系猜测change的意。学生发现句子的意思是“我跑不快，不做运动，现在是计划一周游泳两次。”所以change就有“改变”的意思。6.练习策略：此项策略训练主要针对低分组学生，在课堂中教师通过各种图片帮助学生练习单词的记忆。根据艾宾浩斯曲线理论，在词汇教学中辅以一定的词汇练习，帮助复习和巩固词汇。课堂中设计说、写练习来加强词汇的一记忆和巩固。另外，使用中英互译练习来提高低分组学生词汇运用的准确性。7.游戏策略：在词汇教学中，常用的游戏有以下几种：一是学了有关动作的词汇后，教师把这些词写在卡片上，请一个学生根据卡片上的指令来做出相应的动作让
9、同学猜。二是根据线索以猜谜的形式来猜单词。如：Who is he/she？Peopleusually give her/him some money. Sometimes he/she will give you some money.He/she works in a supermarket. Answer: Cashier .三是以词语或单词接龙的形式来复习单词。以上的游戏活动容易受到初一阶段学生的欢迎，学生不仅在具体的运用中巩固词，还了解到他们正在使用的是一种词汇学习策略，教师在课堂中应特别注重提高学生的学习兴趣。英语是一种历史悠久、语汇丰富、词义纷繁、语法简练、使用灵活且搭配能力极强的
10、语言。要学好英语，就不能逃避在英语词汇的浩瀚大海中游泳，而且要熟练掌握这种游泳的本领，也不是一朝一夕的事。美国著名作家和教育家L.Ron Hubbard的教育学理论认为，影响理解和应用的最重要因素是词汇。词汇是语言的最小意义单位，就像砖头是建筑物的最小组成单位一样。人类思维活动和思想交流首先是依靠词汇进行的。不熟练掌握词汇，就不可能掌握一种语言。一个人掌握词汇的多寡和牢固与否，直接影响他的语言表达能力，影响他思想表达的丰富与准确程度。从这个意义上讲，词汇量的掌握就代表外语水平。所以，掌握一定的词汇学习策略、提高学生的词汇学习能力就意味着提高学生的英语水平。初一英语词汇练习1. 词类练习 I按要
11、求写出单词： 1.baby (复数) _ 2. knife (复数) _ 3.photo(复数) _4. policeman(复数)_ 5.tomato (复数) _6. watch (复数) _ 7.child(复数) _8. sheep (复数) _ 9.sell (反义词) _ 10. heavy (反义词)_ 11. here (反义词) _12. early (反义词) _ 13. cheap(反义词) _14. wrong (反义词)_ 15. small(反义词) _16. easy (反义词) _ 17. meat (同音词) _18. two (同音词) _ 19. thei
12、r(同音词) _20. write(同音词)_ 21. play (第三人称单数)_ 22. study (第三人称单数) _ 23. have (第三人称单数) _ 24. carry (第三人称单数) _ 25. go (第三人称单数)_ 26. teach (第三人称单数) _ 27. stop (现在分词)_ 28. run (现在分词) _ 29. swim (现在分词)_ 30. get (现在分词)_ 31. friend (形容词)_ 32. worry(形容词) _ 33. close(形容词) _34. America(形容词)_ 35. break(形容词) _ 36.
13、good (副词) _ 37. we (宾格) _ 38. it (物主代词) _2. 练习closeopen,because,sowhatcallfriend,also,drink,sell,talk,mealNearmyschoolthereisabigshop_1_Zhenchen.It_2_alotofthings.Youcanbuy_3_andfoodfromtheshopandyoucan_4_buyotherthingsinit.Theshopis_5_twentyhourseveryday.Theworkersintheshopareveryniceand_6_.Theylik
14、eto_7_toyouandhelpyoufind_8_youwant.Youcanbuythingsthereandyoucanhave_9_there,too._10_thereisabigfastfoodrestaurantinit.1.Theshopis_(open)athalfpasteightinthemorning.2.Allof_(they)arelookingforthechild.3.He_(say)hellotohisfriend.4.Heislisteningtotheoldman_(careful)5.Whoishe_(run)after?6.Dont_(leave)
15、schoolsoearly.7._(go)tobedlateisnotgood.8.Oneof_(they)hasalittlebrother.9.Letme_(fly)thekite10.Yourdress_(look)nice. 3 、根据所给英语或中文写出正确的单词。 1. April and Millie come from different _ (country).2. This pair of shoes fits me _. (good)3. We need two _ candles to put on the cake. (much)4. _ turn is it to a
16、nswer these questions? (who)5. Are there any _ in your shop? (Walkman)6. _ (play) sports _ (be) good for our health.7. This dress is one of the _ (visit).8. Look! There is (一些东西) important in the box.9. The little boy often _ (哭).10. Do you know this skirt is _(昂贵的) ?11. We are looking forwards to _
17、(参观) the Great Wall.12. The boy is waiting for his _(轮次) to play computer games.13. The car _(花费) my cousin 10,000 yuan. 14. I dont have _(足够的) money to buy the album.15. Thank you for _(邀请) me to your farewell party.16. I dont like the _(灰色) boots.17. On weekends there are many people in the shoppi
18、ng _(中心).18. We want to _ (收集) some stationery for the children in the _ (贫穷) _(地区).19. The pair of jeans _(合身) me well.20. The students are giving a show to _ (募集)money for Project Hope.完形填空。 It is evening，an old cock(公鸡)is sitting in a tall treeA fox(狐狸)comes to the tree and 1 at the cock “HelloMr
19、. Cock，I have some 2 news for you”says the fox “Oh?” says the cock“What is it?” “All the animals are good friends nowLets 3 friends，tooPlease come 4 and play with me” “Fine! ”says the cock“Im very glad to hear that” Then he looks up“Look! There is something over there” “ 5 are you looking at?” asks
20、the fox “Oh，I see some animals over theretheyre 6 this way” Animals? “YesOh，theyre dogs” “What? Dogs!” asks the fox“Wellwell，I 7_ go nowGoodbye” “Wait，Mr. Fox，”says the cock“ 8 goThey are only dogsAnd dogs are our friends now” “YesI know，but 9 dont know that” “I see，I see，”says the cockHe 10 and goe
21、s to sleep in the tree Do you know why ? Foxes are afraid(怕)of dogs( )1A1istens Bsees Cgets D1ooks ( )2Abad Bgood Csad Dfunny ( )3Ais Bam Care Dbe ( )4Adown Bup Cat Dtrader ( )5AHow BWhat CWhere DWhy ( )6A1ooking Bgoing Ccoming Dtaking ( )7Amust Bmay Ccan Dneed ( )8ACant BLets CDont DPlease ( )9Athe
22、 dogs Byou Cthe animals Dthe cocks ( )10Acries Bshouts Ccalls Dsmiles缺词填空。On Sunday m_, I usually get up very late. I w_ my face and then go out to do morning e_ at about 6 a.m. After I eat my b_, I often go to a shopping m_ with my mother. The shopping mall is near our home, so we can w_ there. It
23、takes us about ten m_ to get there on foot. The shopping has a good name. It is c_ Bairunfa. It is new and q_ big.You can buy m_ things there , such as TVs， fridges, bikes, clothes and food.4. 完形填空My father often works very hard. And he 41 goes to the movies. Here Ill tell you a(n) 42 story about hi
24、m.One afternoon, when he finished his work, and 43 go home, he found a film ticket under the 44on his desk. He thought he 45 to have not much work to do that day and it was quite wonderful to pass（消磨） the 46 at the cinema. So he came back home and 47 finished his supper. Then he said 48 to us and le
25、ft.But to our 49, he came back about half an hour later. I asked him what was the 50. He smiled and told us about the funny thing that happened at the 51.When my father was sitting in his seat, a 52 came to my fathers seat and said that seat was hers. My father was 53 . He took out the ticket and lo
26、oked at it carefully. It was Row17, 54. And then he looked at the seat. It was 55. So he asked her to show her ticket. She took out her ticket at once and the seat 56 on it was Row17,Seat3.Why? Whats the matter with all this? While they were 57 , suddenly the woman said, “The 58 of tickets are diffe
27、rent.” So they looked at the tickets more carefully. After a while my father said, “Oh, Im 59, I made a mistake. My ticket is for the 60 a month ago. Take this seat, please.” With these words he left.41. A. seldomB. oftenC. sometimesD. never42. A. badB. strangeC. funnyD. interested43. A. smallB. wou
28、ldC. was about toD. ought to44. A. glassB. glassesC. boxD. shoes45. A. likedB. plannedC. tookD. happened46. A. morningB. afternoonC. eveningD. day47. A. surelyB. quicklyC. earlyD. suddenly48. A. sorryB. helloC. goodbyeD. luck49. A. joyB. surpriseC. delightD. fun50. A. matterB. thingC. filmD. story51
29、. A. cinemaB. officeC. theatreD. party52. A. womanB. boyC. manD. doctor53. A. interestedB. surprisedC. frightenedD. disappointed54. A. Seat1B. Seat2C. Seat3D. Seat455. A. differentB. usualC. the sameD. likely56. A. shownB. takenC. namedD. told57. A. wonderingB. wantingC. lookingD. making58. A. desig
30、nB. pricesC. shapesD. colors59. A. sorryB. shyC. worried D. right60. A. actionB. speechC. filmD. Play完形填空41-45 CBCBA 46-50 AABCC 51-55 AADAC56-60 CBAAD5. 词汇理解，在方框内分别选出意义一致的单词。（10%）（A）A. brown B. pink C. gray D. blue E. green1. 褐色_ 2. 绿色_ 3. 粉红色_ 4. 蓝色_ 5. 灰色_ （B）A. happy B. strong C. small D. wide E
31、. double6. 强壮的_ 7. 宽阔的_ 8.快乐的 _ 9. 小的_ 10.两倍的_ II. 英汉词组互译。（5分）1. over there 2. in different grades _ 2. 十三岁 4. 二十把小刀 5. 在同一个学校 . 根据汉语提示完成句子。（10%） 1. Does he _ (有) a long nose? 2. I _ (有) a small knife. 3. _ (她) name is Amy. 4. Whos the man in the _ (照片). 5. He doesnt _ (有) a sister. 6. We are in _ (
32、同一) class. 7. We have different _ (相貌, 外表) . 8._ (曰本人) and Chinese look the same. 9. Her _ (特别喜欢的)color is blond. 10. Do you _ (认识) the girl in green? . 用所给单词的适当形式填空。（10%） 1. She is a friend of _ (me). 2. _ (be) the pants old or new? 3. She know _ (I ) name and I know _ (she). 4. Its a dark blue jac
33、ket, its not _ (Michael). 5. Lets go _ (shop) tomorrow.6. -Whose_ (shoe) are those ? -Theyre mine. 7. It_ (look) very nice. 8. You can (make) a car. 9. I am _(China).I live(居住) in Chongqing. 10. Please find (he)，hes in red today(今天).6. Choose the right answers to complete the words. 选择正确的选项补全单词。( )
34、1. _ ss _ stant A. a, i B. i, a C. o, i( ) 2. st _ d _ nt A. e, u B. u, e C. u, a( ) 3. w _ _ ter A. ia B. ei C. ai( ) 4. p _ l _ cem _ n A. o, y, a B. a, i, e C. o, i, a( ) 5. act _ _ A. er B. or C. ir( ) 6. cl _ _ k A. a, r B. e, r C. o, r( ) 7. d _ ct_ r A. o, e B. a, o C. o, o( ) 8. r _ port _ A
35、. i, er B. e, er C. e, or( ) 9. hosp _ t _ A. e, al B. i, al C. i, le( ) 10. rest _ _ rant A. ou B. au C. euIIChoose the right answers to fill in the blanks. 选择填空。（ ）1. My cousin works _ that restaurant. A. in B. on C. of( ) 2. He _ want to be a doctor. A. dont B. is C. doesnt( ) 3. She works in a b
36、ank. She is a _. A. shop assistant B. bank clerk C. policewoman( ) 4. _ their uncle want to be a reporter? A. Is B. Do C. Does( ) 5. Where does your father _? A. work B. working C. works( ) 6. Lets _ to dinner. A. to go out B. go out C. going out( ) 7. My mother wants to be _ actor. A. a B. the C. a
37、n( ) 8. People give me their money or get their money _ me. A. for B. to C. from( ) 9. I dont like my job, because its very _. A. interesting B. boring C. exciting( ) 10. A: _ does he work? B: He works in a school. A. Where B. What C. HowVFill in the blanks with the verbs given. 用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. Her father _ (work) in a restaurant. 2. What _ you _ (do)? 3. They _ (be) students. They want _ (be) doctors. 4. _ he _ (live) in China? 5. A: _ (be) your sister a student?B: No, she _ (work) in a hospital.6.