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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2005年中考英语语法复习大全一.名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数 1.直接加s: maps, books, bags, days, boys, birds. 2.以辅音字母加y 结尾时变y为i加es: country-countries, factory-factories, baby-babies, family-families, 3.以s, x, ch, sh 结尾的单词加es: fox-foxes, dish-dishes, brush-brushes, bus-buses, class-classes, glass-glasses box
2、-boxes, watch-watches4.以o 结尾的加s, radio-radios, photo-photos, zoo-zoos, 但potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes必须加es5.以f, fe 结尾的单词变f 为v加es: wife-wives, half-halves, shelf- shelves, knife-knives, life-lives, thief-thieves,但reef必须加s.不规则变化为：sheep-sheep, fish-fish, deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
3、, mouse-mice, man-men, woman-women, Frenchman-Frenchmen, Englishman-Englishmen, policeman-policemen, German-Germans, foot-feet, child-children, tooth-teeth. 不可数名词：work, homework, housework, time, knowledge, money, weather, fruit, food, rain snow, wind, ice, bread, porridge, orange, water, tea, rice,
4、 meat, news, paper, help, help, excuse 名词（借口，理由）, beef, cotton(棉花)， health, pork, salt, silk（丝绸） sand（沙子） space=room(空间) sugar, wood（木头） wool many=a lot of=lots of=a number of=numbes of许多，a few=several几个，few=not没有,跟可数名词。Much=a lot of=lots of=a plenty of许多，a little=a bit of一点，little=not没有，跟不可数名词注意: p
5、eople没有单数，是复数名词，persons=people; cloud云彩和chalk既可当可数名词又可当不可数名词。二.名词所有格是在名词后面加 s, 以 s结尾的加 ,另外人用s, 物用 of 如：Meimeis book , Bobs bike, the students of class, a picture of my family, a friend of Jimsthe students desks, Teachers Day教师节，Womens Day, Childrens Day, Lucy and Lilys room 路丝和利丽共有的房间，Jims and Toms
6、fathers吉姆和汤姆各自的父亲三.代词的用法:1.主格：I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 作主语 2. 宾格：me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 用在动词和介词后作宾语 . 3.形容词性物主代词：my your, his, her, its, our your, their 后面必须跟名词 4. 名词性物主代词：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours yours, theirs,5.反身代词：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourse
7、lves, yourselves, themselves,6.反身代词的搭配： teach oneself=learn by oneself(自学) 如: I teach myself English.=I learn English by myself. buy oneself sth. 如：He bought himself a pen.他为自己买了一支钢笔。 enjoy oneself=have a good timehelp oneself to some food( some drink) 自用食物和饮料，hurt oneself伤到自己，look after oneself, by
8、 oneself=alone独自，leave by oneself=leave alone把某人单独留下， 7.指示代词：this-these, that-those, this(that) is; these(those) are8.不定代词：代表人的有：everyone(body), someone(body), anyone(body), no one=nobody 代表物的有：everything , something , anything , nothing注意：（1）当单数用。如：Is everyone here? Something is wrong with my bike.
9、 Everything begins to grow. Is there anything cheaper? （2）另外something, someone用于肯定句，anything, anyone用于否定句和肯定句。 no=not any, nothing=not anything, nobody=not anybody=no one=not anyone 如：I can see nothing. =I can not see anything. There is nobody here.= There is not anybody here. (3)不定代词用形容词修饰时，要把形容词放在
10、后面。如：There is nothing serious.没有什么严重的。 There is something wrong with my radio.我的收音机没有毛病。 9. all_none用于三者以上，all（都）用复数，none（都没有）用单数和复数都行。它们代人代物都行。 如：All of the boys are in the room .= All the boys are in the rom .=The boys are all in the room .所有的男孩都在间 All of the animals are jumping=All the animals ar
11、e jumping.=The animals are all jumping.All of the meat is on the plates.=All the meat is on the plates.=The meat is all on the plates.None of the seats are / is mine. None of sheep is / are in the field. None of us have /has an egg . 10. both (都)_neither(二个都不)，用于二者，both表示肯定句，neither表示否定句。 如：They bot
12、h study French.=Both of them study French.肯定句Neither of them studies French. 否定句The girls are both at home.=Both of the girls are at home.肯定句 Neither of the girls is at home.否定句Both of the persons are doctors. 肯定句 Neither of the persons is a doctor.否定句Both of you do sports at school.肯定句 Neither of y
13、ou does sports at school.否定句We both have to stay on the farm. 肯定句 Neither of us has to stay on the farm.我们二个都不必呆在农场。Bothand 当复数用_neithernor根据第二个主语决定动词Both he and she get to school at six._ Neither he nor she gets to school at school.Both he and I are students._ Neither he nor I am a student.Both Lil
14、y and lucy often fly the kites._ Neither Lily nor Lucy often flies the kites.Eitheror（或者或者，二者中其中一个），动词也根据第二个主语决定。如：Either you or Ann has a glass of water.或者你或者我喝一杯水。 Either he or I am a worker.或他或我是一位工人。11.other(其他的)后跟名词复数, 没有地点的限定. 如:Some students are singing, other students are dancing. other stud
15、ents = othersthe other(后跟复数是其他的),有地点的限定. 如:Some students are writng in our class, the other students are reading. the other (后跟单数是两者中另外一个). 如: There are two girls , one is my sister , the other girl is his sister. another (后跟单数是另外一个),但不规定在两者用. 如:I have an apple, and I want another one. 2情态动词： can (c
16、ould), may(might), must(must), should应该，have to(has to),不得不，be able to都跟动词原形。如：He can dance.=He is able to dance. 肯定句 Can he dance?=Is he able to dance?一般疑问句 回答：Yes, he can. No,he cant. Yes, he is. No, he isnt.否定句:He cant dance.=He is not able to dance.（注意：can=am/is/are able to do sth.）I could read
17、it easily last year.=I was able to read it easily last year.肯定句Could you read easily last year?=Were you able to read it easily last year?疑问句回答:Yes, I could. No,I could not. Yes, I was. No,I was not.否定句：I couldnt read it easily last year.=I was not able to read it easily.(could=was/were able to)She
18、can enjoy herself in the party tomorrow.=She will be able to enjoy herself in the party tomorrow. They may be at home.=Maybe/Perhaps they are at home. 他们可能在家。肯定句They may not be at home.=Maybe/Perhaps they arent at home.否定句May they be at home ? Yes, they can. No, they cant（.注意：may用can回答）She may have
19、a meeting.= Perhaps/Maybe she has a meeting .You must finish your work. 肯定句 You mustnt finish your work. 否定句 Must I finish my work? Yes, you must. No,you neednt.（注意：must 用neednt否定回答）We should speak loudly. 肯定句 We should not speak loudly. 否定句 Should we speak loudly? 疑问句 Yes, you should. No,you should
20、 not. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，以上情态动词变否定句时在其后加not,疑问句往前提。need 在肯定句中做行为动词，在否定句中作行为动词和情态动词都行。如：He needs to do some shopping. Does he need to do some shopping? Yes, he does. No,he doesnt. He doesnt need to do some shopping.=He neednt do some shopping.I(We, You, They) have to watch games. I(We, You, They) dont hav
21、e to watch games.Do you(I, we, they) have to watch games? Yes, I/we/they do. No,I/we/they dont.He/She/It has to go for a walk. He/ She/It doesnt have to go for a walk.Does he/she/it have to go for a walk? Yes, he/she/it does. No,he/she/it doesnt.I/We/You/You/He/She/It/They had to do housework. I/We/
22、He/They didnt have to do housework.Did you/he/she/they/it have to have to do housework? Yes, I/he/they did. No,I/she/he/they didnt.动词的时态有8种时态：1.动词的单数第三人称和名词复数一样：（1）加 “s”; looks , finds, jumps, begins, starts, plays (2) 以“s,x ,ch,sh,o”结尾的单词结尾加“es”, passes, relaxes, teaches, catches, watches, washes,
23、finishes,rushes, brushes, goes, does, (3)以辅音字母加“y”结尾时，变“ y”为“I”加 “es” tidy-tidies, try-tries, fly-flies, carry-carries, study-studies (4)特殊的有 “have-has” 单数第三人称用于一般现在时，它表示习惯/经常/有时有规律的事，它的构成是：I(We,You,You,They，名词复数)+动词原形 ；He (She,It 名词单数) +动词的单数第三人称。I (We,You,They) have lunch at home. 肯定句） He/She/It h
24、as supper at school. I(We,You,They) dont have lunch at home. 否定句 ） He/She/It doesnt have supper at school. Do you(we,they) have lunch at home? (一般疑问句）Does she/It have supper at school? .Yes, I we/ you/ they do. No, I/we/ you/ they dont. Yes, he she/ it does. No he/ she/ it doesnt. Who has lunch at h
25、ome? ( 特殊疑问句） Who has supper at school? What do you/they have lunch? (同上） What does he/she/it have at school?Where do you/they have at home? （ 同上）Where does he/ she/it have supper at school?The people watch the match sometimes. This person watches the match sometimes.The people dont watch the match
26、sometimes. This person doesnt watch the match sometimes.Do the people watch the match sometimes? Does this person watch the match sometimes?Yes, they do. No,they dont. ( 肯定回答,否定回答) Yes, he does. No,he doesnt. 注意：一般现在时通常用always, often, usually, every( day, week, month, year), in the(morning, afternoo
27、n, evening), on( Sundays, Saturdays Tuesdays) , sometimes, 等时间状语连用。2.动词的过去时和过去分词一样，规则变化都是加 “ ed。（1）加 “ ed” 。例如：worked, catched, planted, played, needed, (2)以辅音字母加 “Y”结尾的单词变 “y”为 “I” 加 “ed”。 carry-carried, study-studied, tidy-tidied, try-tried. (3)以 “e”结尾的加 “d”, move-moved, liked, loved .(4)双写的有：stop
28、-stopped, shop-shopped, drop-dropped, prefer-preferred, travel-trve(l)led, plan-planned. 动词的过去时用于一般过去时，它表示过去某一时间发生的动作和存在的状态。常与yesterday, three days ago,the day before yesterday, last week( month, year), just now=a moment ago, in 1990 等时间状语连用。I/ We/ You/ You/ He/ She/ It/ They tidied the house just n
29、ow.（肯定句 ） I/ We/ You/ You/He/ She/ It/ They didnt tidy the house just now（否定句） Did you/ I / we /he /she/ it/ they/ tidy the house just now?（一般疑问句 ） Yes, I/ we/ he/ she/ they did. No, I/ we didnt. What did you/ he/ she/ it/ they do? What did you/ he/ she/ they tidy? When did you/ he/ she/ they tidy t
30、he house? 3.动词的过去分词用在现在完成时和过去完成时中。（1）它表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果。常与already（已经）, yet（还）, just（刚刚）, ever（曾经）, never（从来没有过）, before（以前） so far（至今为止）,in ones life（终生）连用。already用于肯定句和一般疑问句中，即可放在have/has与过去分词之间，又可放在句末。Yet用于疑问句和否定句句末。Before， so far ， in one s life 放在句末。(just ever never)放在 have/has和过去分词的中间。in the p
31、ast 2 years在过去的二年如：I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet ? Yes ,I have. No, I havent. He has ever broken windows before. He has never broken windows before. Has he ever broken windows before? Yes ,he has. No ,he hasnt.They have ju
32、st left home for school. How many songs has she learned so far? I have never seen such a beautiful mountains in my life.（2）现在完成时还表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，延续到现在，与 for three days(三天时间)，since last year(自从去年)， ever since1996（自从1996 年），同时动词要用延续动词。Leave-be away, come back-be back , come here-be here, go out-b
33、e out, go there-be there begin( start)-be on, finish-be over, join-be in, die-be dead, open-be open, close-be closed borrow-keep, buy-have, get to know-know如：My father has left here for a month._My father has been away from here for a month. I have come back for a week._ I have been back for a week.
34、 She has come here since yesterday._ She has been here since yesterday. They have gone out since a year ago._ They have been out since a year ago.He has gone to Beijing for 3 years._ She has been in Beijing for 3 years. This film has begun since this morning._ This film has been on since this mornin
35、g.The meeting has finished since we arrived at the office._ The meetinting has been over since we arrived at the office. He and I have joined the army since we were 18 years old._ He and I have been in the army since we were 18 years old.My dog has died for 5 years._ My dog has been dead for 5 years
36、. This shop has opened since 1990._ This shop has been open since 1990.Lily has bought this bike since she came here._ Lily has had this bike since she came here.We have borrowed this book for ten minutes._ We have kept this book for ten minutes. This shop has closed ever since last week._ This shop
37、 has been closed ever since last week. She started to teach for20 years ._ She has taught for 20 years.（3）have /has been to somewhere=have/has ever been to somewhere 曾经去过某地 have/has never been to somewhere（从来没去过某地） have/has gone to somewhere（已经去了某地，现在没回来） have/has been in somewhere for an hour (sinc
38、e a year ago)（已经在某地多久了）如：I have (ever)been to Xian twice.（我曾去过西安两次。）How many times have you been to Xian? She has gone to that park.（她已经去那个公园了。） They have been in that city for one month.（他们已经在那座城市一个月了。） How long have they been in that city ? He has been in Guangzhou since one month ago.（自从一个月之前他就在广
39、州了。） How long has he been in Guangzhou? We have never been to Beijing.（我们从来没去过北京。） 4过去分词还用过去完成时中，它的构成是 had +过去分词。 When we got there , the train had left. By the end of the match ,they had cicked two goals. By last week ,he had written two letters. He said he had seen that bird already. 5将来时表示将要发生的动作
40、，目前还未发生。它的构成是：be going to+动词原形；Will+动词原形； I/ We +shall+ 动词原形。 它常与tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week( month, year), next Saturday(Monday,Wednesday,Thurday), this afternoon( evening), tonight, soon等时间壮语连用。I am going to have a meeting this afternoon. Are you going to have a meeting this aftern
41、oon?I am not going to have a meeting this afternoon? Yes, I am. No, Im not.What are you going to do? When are you have a meeting? He/ She/ It is going to see a film tonight. Is / he/she going to see a film tonight? He/ She/ It isnt going to see a film. Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it is. What is he
42、/ she/ it going to do? Who is going to see a film? We/ You/ They are going to spend holiday in Shanghai in summer. Are you/ we / they going to spend holiday in summer? Yes, you/they are. No,you/they arent.We/ You/ They are going to spend holiday in Shanghi in summer. Where are you/ they going to spe
43、nd holiday?I/ We/ You/ You/ He/ She/ It will play volleyball next week. Will you/ she/ he/ they play volleyball next week?I/ We/ You/ You/ He/ She/ It will not(wont) play volleyball. What will you/he/ she do? When will you/ they/ play it?I/ We shall go for a walk on Thursday morning. Shall I/ We go
44、for a walk on Thursday?I/ We shall not go for a walk. What shall I/ We do? When shall I/ We go for a walk?注意：will =be going to用于各种人称。shall用于第一人称 I和we。一般疑问句把shall,will提前,否定句是在will后面加not, will not=wont,或在be动词后面加not.Shall I/ We have classes?= Let me/ us have classes. =Why not have classes? =Why dont we
45、 have classes? =What about having classes? (一般疑问句提shall,既表示将来又表示请求，此五句是同意句) 6.过去将来时表示过去某一时间，将要发生的事。它的构成是would+动词原形。was/ were going to+动词原形。I didnt know if he would come tomorrow. =I didnt know if he was going to come tomorrow.I was sure that she was going to speak at the meeting. I was sure that she
46、 would speak at the meeting.I wanted to know if/ whether it would rain next month. ( would=was going to rain)They never knew that the population would become a big problem.(would=were going to become)She didnt know where they would go.(would=were going to go)注意：主句是过去时，从句的将来时就用过去将来时。Would 是will 的过去时，I/ He/ She/ It was going to+动词原形，We/ You/ They were going