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1、一、定语从句的定义:一、定语从句的定义: 用来修饰用来修饰名词名词或或代词代词的从句叫定语从的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行先行词词(antecedent)。定语从句一般是由)。定语从句一般是由关系关系代词代词或或关系副词关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形来引导的。相当于名词和形容词的作用。容词的作用。eg: 1. Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning? 2.The day is not far off when we will make a trip to Br
2、itain.定语从句归纳总结定语从句归纳总结二、关系代词和关系副词的作用:二、关系代词和关系副词的作用:1、引导作用、引导作用2、替代作用、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用四四. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点关系代词的基本用法和注意点1. 关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法关系代关系代词词指代的指代的先行词先行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主语主语、宾语、宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语that人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语whose人或物人或物定语定语关系副词关系副词 指代指代 功能功能when(=a
3、t / in/ on which)where (=in/ at which)why(= for which)time时间状语时间状语place地点状语地点状语reason原因状语原因状语关系副词引导定语从句时,关系副词引导定语从句时,既引导定语从句,又在定既引导定语从句,又在定语从句中充当状语。语从句中充当状语。总结总结关系副词关系副词: where, when, why: where, when, why时间时间 when = in/at/on/during whichwhen = in/at/on/during which地点地点 where = at/in/on whichwhere =
4、 at/in/on which原因原因 why = for whichwhy = for whichthat和和which在指物的情况下在指物的情况下一般都可以互换一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下但在下列情况下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.1) 当先行词是当先行词是all, everything, nothing
5、, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词或被等不定代词或被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few, only等修饰时等修饰时.2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。5) 先行词是先行词是who或或who引导的主句。引导的主句。 Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished.4)当先行词既有人又有物时当先行词既有人又有物时, 用关系代词用关系代词thatWe
6、 were deeply impressed by the teachersand the schools that we had visited there.3)先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时修饰时This is the very book that belongs to him.关系代词指物时关系代词指物时只用只用whichwhich不用不用thatthat的情况的情况(1 1)在)在介词介词之后之后This is the question about which weve had so much discussion.(
7、2 2)当主句中的)当主句中的主语被主语被thatthat修饰修饰时时。eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.(3) (3) 在在非限定性非限定性定语从句中必须用定语从句中必须用whichwhich不能用不能用thatthat。They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them. that和和who在指在指 人的情况下人的情况下一般都可以一般都可以互换互换, 但在下列情况下但在下列情况下, 一般用一般用who而不用而不用that
8、。1.先行词为先行词为those, one, ones, peoples时时 Those who are from Qingdao come this way.2.当先行词是用当先行词是用-body或或-one构成的不定代构成的不定代词时词时Is there anybody else who should be invited. 八、八、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是是先行词在意义上不可缺少的先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分
9、密切,写时不用义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开。逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。如:常可省略。如:a) What is the name of the tall woman who is standing there? 站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?b) Toronto is a city (that) I ve always wanted to visit.多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。2非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切,只
10、是切,只是对先行词作些附加的说明对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果去如果去掉掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,一般之间往往用逗号分开,一般不用不用that引导。引导。非限制性定语从句中,非限制性定语从句中,关系词不可省略关系词不可省略。如:。如:a) Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history.b) Yesterday I met Professor King, who came from the University of London. c) He lent
11、 me a dictionary, which was just what I needed.他借给我一本词典,这正是我所需要的。他借给我一本词典,这正是我所需要的。eg. A five-year-old boy can speak two eg. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, foreign languages, which surprises which surprises all the people present.all the people present.一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语,令所有在一个五岁的男孩
12、会讲两门外语,令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。场的人感到非常惊讶。析:从语境可知,令所有在场的人感析:从语境可知,令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,语这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由此时应由whichwhich引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的非限制性定语从句的五不能用五不能用n1、通常不能用、通常不能用that引导引导n2、不能用、不能用why引导,要用引导,要用for which代替代替whyn3、从句至于句首时,用、从句至于句首时,用as引导,不能用引导,不能用
13、which。n4、由、由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导时,关系代词引导时,关系代词 不能用不能用asn5、关系代词指人做宾语时,只能用宾格、关系代词指人做宾语时,只能用宾格whom,不能用不能用who代替,也不能省略代替,也不能省略介词介词+关系代词关系代词注意三点:注意三点:一、注意一、注意关系代词关系代词的选取的选取二、注意二、注意介词介词的选取的选取三、注意三、注意不能拆开的不能拆开的动词短语动词短语 一、注意一、注意关系代词关系代词的选取。在的选取。在“介词介词 + 关系关系代词代词”引导的定语从句中,如果关系代词指引导的定语从句中,如果关系代词指代代事物事物就用就用 which;
14、 如果指代如果指代人人则用则用 whom; 若表示若表示“的的”则用则用 whose。 examples: 1.This is the classroom in which we studied last year. 2.There are sixty students in our class, twenty of whom are girls. 3.He lives in a house,whose door opens to the north.二、注意二、注意介词介词的选取的选取1. 根据介词和定语从句中根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词和形容词谓语动词和形容词的习惯搭配。的习惯搭配。Who
15、 is the man with whom you just shook hands? (动词短语动词短语:shake with 和和握手握手)The author with whom we are familiar will die.(形容词短语:be familiar with 熟悉熟悉)2.根据介词和根据介词和先行词先行词的习惯搭配。的习惯搭配。 I remember the day on which he joined the army.(具体到某一天,用介词具体到某一天,用介词on)三、注意三、注意不能拆开不能拆开的动词短语的动词短语 并不是所有的动词短语都能拆开,要注意有些并不是所
16、有的动词短语都能拆开,要注意有些短语不能拆开使用。这样的动词短语常用的短语不能拆开使用。这样的动词短语常用的有:有: look after, look for, turn in, pay attention to, take care of, depend on, listen to 等。如:等。如: 1.The babies (whom)the nurses are looking after are very healthy . 保育员照看的婴儿都很健康。保育员照看的婴儿都很健康。 2.Is this the book (which/that)she was looking for ? 这是她正在找的那本书吗?这是她正在找的那本书吗?