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1、我国北欧两项运动员运动功能特征对跳台滑雪专项技术和运动表现的影响摘 要：探北欧两项运动员运动功能特征对跳台滑雪专项技术的影响，以期为设计合理的体能训练方法、提高训练效率提供参考。以中国6名北欧两项国家队运动员为研究对象，测试其身体形态、功能性动作、平衡性、关节活动度、肌力以及运动员训练比赛过程中跳台滑雪动作姿态和成绩，分析运动功能和肌力参数与成绩的相关性，总结其相互作用的机制。结果：1）我国优秀北欧两项运动员身体形态和运动功能具有较大个体差异，躯干稳定性和肩关节灵活性较差，髋关节内旋角度、伸髋肌力左右侧差异较大，踝关节背屈活动度和肌力普遍较好。2）与跳台滑雪运动表现和稳定性具有正相关性的因素为
2、年龄、踝关节背屈活动度和肌力、直线弓箭步、肩关节灵活性、下肢Y-平衡后内侧伸出距离、髋屈伸和内旋活动度;具有负相关性的因素为FMS总分、躯干俯卧撑、躯干旋转稳定性、髋内外旋肌力。3）结合跳台滑雪动作姿态分析发现，良好的踝关节背屈活动度和肌力可以增加起跳飞行过程中提压板技术的流畅稳定性，使运动员更容易在空中飞行时重心前移，有更小的身体与雪板夹角;髋外旋肌力过大容易导致蹬伸动作过紧和空中飞行时身体与雪板夹角增大。结论：长期专项训练会导致北欧两项运动员出现运动功能对称性、稳定性和关节活动度下降的问题，这些问题会影响跳台滑雪的起跳和空中飞行技术。建议以跳台滑雪技术特征为依据，设计更科学合理的功能性训练
3、动作，加强关节活动度和核心稳定性的训练。 关键词：北欧两项;下肢功能;动作模式;生物力学;技术特征、竞技表现 中图分类号：G 863.12 学科代码：040302 文献标识码：A Abstract：This study sets to discuss the influence of athleteslower limb functional characteristics on ski jumping technique， in order to support the design of appropriate physical training methods and improve t
4、raining efficiency. In this paper， six Nordic combined athletes from Chinese National Team were tested for their body shape， functional movements and balance， mobility， muscle strength， as well as the athletesposture and performance in ski jumping during training and competition， in use to analysis
5、the correlation between functional and strength parameters and performance， and summarized the mechanism of their interactions. The results suggested that： 1）the body shape and lower limb motor function of the best Nordic combined athletes in China have large individual variability， with poorer trun
6、k stability and greater variation in hip internal rotation angle and hip extension muscle strength， and shoulder flexibility generally better ankle dorsiflexion flexibility and muscle strength. 2）The characteristics positively correlated with jumping performance and stability were age， ankle dorsifl
7、exion mobility and muscle strength， linear lunge， shoulder flexibility， lower limb Y-balance medial reach， hip flexion and extension and internal rotation mobility; negative correlations were found for total FMS score， trunk push-up trunk rotation stability， hip internal and external rotation muscle
8、 strength. 3）Combined with the analysis of jumping posture， it was found that good ankle dorsiflexion mobility and muscle strength could increase the smooth stability of the lifting ski technique during the jumping and flighting， making it easier for athletes to shift their weight forward in the air
9、 and have a smaller body snowboard angle; excessive hip external rotation muscle strength can lead to tighter stirrups and higher aerial angles， which can affect performance. Conclusion： Long-term specialized training could lead to problems in symmetry， stability and flexibility for Nordic combined athletes， which could affect the take-off and airborne skills of ski jumping. Suggestions： Based on the technical characteristics of ski jumping， scientific and reasonable functional training actions should be designed to strengthen the training of ankle mobility and stability. 第 4 页 共 4 页