新版八级英语下册第-----第单元知识点总结.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -2021 新版八年级英语下册第1-第 10 单元学问点总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结一、基础学问Unit 1 What s the mart.te可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1. What s the matte怎r.么啦?出什么事情了?What s the matter with you.= What s the trouble with you. = What你怎s么wr了on?g with you.【注】: matter 和 trouble为名词,其前可加t

2、he 或形容词性物主代词,wrong是 adj. 不能加 the【用法】 用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时,与介词 with 连用。即:What s the matter with sb. = What s your trouble.= What s up. = What happens to sb.2. I had a cold. 我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒have a fever 发烧have a cough 咳嗽 have a stomachache 胃疼,肚子疼have a toothache

3、 牙疼have a headache头疼3. 身体部位 +ache(疼痛)构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachachehead+ache=headachetooth+ache=toothacheback+ache=backache 后背痛4. much too+形容词,意为太 ., too much+ 名词,意为很多,大量。5. enough【形容、 副词】足够的 /的,enough 放在名前后, 形副后。 good enough 足够好, enough money=much money6. lie down 躺下,lie躺,躺着,过去式lay。lie 说谎,过去式lied7

4、. maybe或许 ,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be,是情态动词+be 的结构,意为 可能,或许 ,后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry. sound like+ 名词代词和从句:It sounds like you don t know the truth.It sounds like a good idea.sound+ 形容词, 听起来,似乎, The music sounds nice.9. need 需要,实义动词need+名词,需要某物。need to do sth.需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作

5、:You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物,表示被动的动作:Your dirty clothes needwashing.10. get off the bus下(公交车)get on 上车11. agree 同意,赞同。agree with sth.同意某事如: I agree with that idea. agree to sb.同意某人的看法如: I agree to LiLei.12. trouble 问题,麻烦。 be in trouble 遇到麻烦, make trouble 制造麻烦,hav

6、e trouble in doing sth. =have difficulties in doing sth做.有麻烦。13. right away=right now=at once ,意为立刻。14. advice 不行数名词 劝说,建议,向征求看法,give sb. advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议。 advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事advise doing sth.【复习】 exercise 练习、锤炼当 exercise 意为 练习 时,为可数名词即可加 s当 exercise 意为 锤炼 时,为不行数名词即不加 s18.

7、 hit(用手或器具)打。击打The boy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on 用在所打较硬的部位。 hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in 用在所打较软的部位。 be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了、做某事,强调状态。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结get/ become used to sth./ doing sth.变得习惯,逐渐适应强调过程、动作:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎

8、下载精品名师归纳总结1可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 23 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -20. 【复习】 free 形容词 闲暇的 free time 。免费的the drink is for free 。自由的 I want to become a free bird.free【动词】使解脱,得到自由:He could not free his arm. run out

9、 用完,用完物 sth. run out. 某物用完了。人 sb. run out of sth.人用完了某物。22. risk sb. to do sth.冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks冒险23. the importance of doing sth. (做)某事的重要性importancen.重要(性),importantadj.重要的, unimportantadj.不重要的 decision【名词】打算。选择。make a decision做打算;make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth. 。25. be in

10、the control of掌管,治理The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control 无法掌握,无法治理be under control 被掌握住,在掌握之中26. 【复习】 mind 意为介意, mind doing sth.介意做某事,27. give up doing sth.舍弃(做)某事, give up 后可接名词、代词和动词ing 形式,也可不接二、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应留意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一样。数第一人称其次人称第三人称人称可编

11、辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结【用法】单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如: Maria bought herself a scarf.We must look after ourselves very well.2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如:She isn t quite herself today.3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常

12、用来加强语气。如: She herself will fly to London tomorrow.I met the writer himself last week.4. 用在某些固定短语当中。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结look after oneself / take care of oneself照料自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学enjoy oneself玩得兴奋,过得开心help oneself to sth 请自用(任凭吃 /喝些) . hurt oneself 摔伤自己【提示】say to one

13、self 自言自语leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下buy oneself sth.给自己买 东西introduce oneself 介 绍 自 己可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1. 反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。如:我自己能完成作业。(误) Myself can finish my homework.正I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.2. 反身代词表示某人自己 不能表示 某人的东西 ,由于它没有全部格的形式。表达某人自己的(

14、东西)时,必要用 ones own.如:我用我自己的蜡笔画画。(误) I m drawing with myself crayons. 正I mrdawing with my own crayons.Unit 2I ll help to clean up the city parks一、基本学问点1. sick生病的,有病的。可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick.也可作定语a sick child2可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 23 页 - - -

15、 - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -【区分 ill 】ill 与 sick 同义。但是只在句中做表语,不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill.2. cheer sb. up(让某人)变得兴奋。兴奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class.3. give out 分发。散发,相当于hand out, The teacher is giving out/ handing out th

16、e test papers. give sth. out to sb.意为把某物分发给某人。4. volunteer【名词】理想者【动词】义务做,自愿做(某事)volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事,The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.5. used to do sth.过去 /曾经 常 做某事,表示过去的习惯、动作或状态,并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。6. alone 【形容词】 独自一人的, 无感情颜色lonely (感到) 孤独孤寂的, 带有很强的感情颜色,可做表语或定语。7. care for

17、 sb./sth. 照 顾 。 照 料care 【名词】当心,关怀take care of=look after 【动词】 care about sb./sth.关怀,在意某人/事 【形容词】 careful认真的/ careless马虎的【副词】 carefully认真的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结8. such这样的,这种,如此,用于修饰名词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结such+ a/ an+形容词 +单数名词: such a good day多么美好的一天/such an exciting match多么出色的竞赛such+形容词 +复数名词 /不

18、行数名词: such important decisions多么重要的建议such delicious food多么美味的食物假如名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时,只能用so,而不用such: so many sick children/ so little time9. try out for参与选拔,争取成为try out 试用,试验10. journey【名词】(尤指长途)旅行,行程。trip 【名词】多指短途旅行。travel 【名词、动词】travel around the world【名词】 traveler 旅行者11. be busy with st

19、h.忙于(做)什么事情be busy doing sth.忙于(做)什么事情12. try doing sth.试着去做某事try to do sth.尽力去做某事try one s best to do st尽h.某人最大的努力去做某事13. be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth.担忧某人、某事14. raise money 集资,筹钱。raise money for为筹钱raise【动词】举起。提高。募集15. keep【动词】 keep+名词,保留(某物) 。 keep+形容词,保持16.【形容词】 broken 破旧的,出毛

20、病的。blind 瞎的,失明的。deaf 聋的。 disabled 有残疾的,丢失才能的。在句中做定语和表语。make it possible for sb. to do sth. 使(某人)做某事成为可能, make it + 形容词 +for sb. to do sth.使(某人)做某事成为。 think/find it + 形容词 to do sth.18. make a difference to对有影响。对有作用, difference 前可以用no, any, some, much 等修饰,如19. difficulty 【可数 /不行数】表示抽象意义的困难 时为不行数。表示详细的

21、难题、难事 时为可数。have difficulty in doing sth.= have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难20. train 【动词】训练,trained 为过去分词,可做定语,意为受过训练的 a trained dog21. be excited about sth.对某事感到兴奋, Everyone is excited about the good news.【复习】 excited 意为兴奋的,修饰人。exciting 意为令人兴奋 /兴奋的,修饰物。22. order【名词】命令,指示。次序,次序【动词】订购。点(菜)follow the o

22、rder 。23. change【动词】变化,转变【名词】变化。零钱change A for B 用 A 换 成 Brepair【动词】修理,修补。fix 【动词】安装。使固定【fix up 修理 =repair 】Unit3 Could you please clean your room.Could you please do sth .请你(做).好吗?用于提出恳求,期望得到对方的确定回答,说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could不是 can 的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】确定回答:Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否

23、定回答:Sorry , I cant3可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 23 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -3. Can you do the dishes.?那你可以洗盘子吗? do the dishes 洗碗【结构 1】do the + 名词:do the dishes/ laundry洗餐具 /衣服【结构 2】do the + 动词 -ingdo the cleanin

24、g打扫卫生【结构 3】do one s名+ 词do one s housework/ homewor做k 家务 /家庭作业【结构 4】do some +动词 -ingdo some reading/ shopping读写书 /购物1】Could I do a sth.我可以做 .吗?用于表达恳求,语气比较委婉。Could I go out with my classmate this weekend. 2】at least 至少,多指数量或程度上的最低限度。反 at most 至少,不超过 Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and ou

25、tside school.3】finish v终止。完成finish doing sth做完某事5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you.我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。1】two hours of TV表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数形式。6、【解析】 take out 拿出。取出take 的用法:Please take so拿m。e b取ooks to the classroom.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结take吃。喝。服用乘(车。船等)Take this medicine t

26、hree times a day. They usually take the bus to work.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结花费(时间。 金钱)It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结【拓展】 take 构成的短语:take a walk 去漫步take a rest 休息take care of 照料take off脱下。起飞 take up 占据take down拿下take one s time不急。渐渐来take one s temperatu量re体

27、温7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .我刚坐在电视机前面,我妈妈就过来了。【解析 1】the minute = as soon as一. 就.P lease write to me the minute you get there.【解析 2】 in front of可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结【辨析】in front ofin the front of指在物体外部的前面There is a bike in front of the classroom.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载

28、精品名师归纳总结指在物体内部的前面Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结【记】The driver sat in the front of the car. The policeman stood in front of the car.【留意】有the 无 the 区分大:at table 吃饭。进餐in hospital住院at the tabel 在桌边 in the hospital在医院(不肯定看病)【解析 3】come over 过来【拓展】come 短语:come

29、across(偶然)发觉come back 回来come up with 想出come true 实现come down 下来come from=be from 来自 ,诞生于4可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 23 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -come in/into 进入 ,进来come on 赶快 ,加油come along 走吧 ,过来 ,快点come and go

30、 来来去去come up 上来come out 出来, 花 开, 照片 冲洗出来7. all the time= always始终。总是8.as.as .和.一样 .9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的时间,她不做任何家务,我也不做。【解析】 neither +助动词 /系动词 /情态动词+主语某人(主语)也不 neither 两者都不neithernor 既不也不,连接两个词做主语,谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 表达 也不 就用Ne

31、ither /Nor + be / V 助 / V 情 +主10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.其次天,妈妈下班回到家后发觉房间很洁净、洁净。【解析】 find + 宾语 +宾语补足语【注】 find foundfound 寻v 找(1) find sb. doing sth发觉某人做某事(2) find it + adj. + to do sth发觉做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth发觉做某事很困难11. She asked in

32、 surprise.她惊讶的问道。【解析】 in surprise 诧异的。惊讶的surprise v 使惊讶 surprising adj.令人惊讶的 surprised adj. 惊讶的to one s surpri使se某人惊讶的是in surprise 惊讶的be surprised at 对感到惊讶To my surprise_ 使我惊讶的是) , he got the first prize in the exam.12. I m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to ha

33、ve a clean and comfortable home. replied.【解析 1】needv 需要用于确定句,是实义动词。1 人做主语, sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事2 物做主语, sth need doing sth= sth need to be done Students need to have have a good rest in studying. The watch needs mending mend.用于否定句或疑问句,是情态动词(1) needn t = don t h没av有e 必to 要(2) need ,must 引导的一般疑问句

34、,确定会的用must,否定回答用needn t Must I go there now. Yes, you must/No, you neednt【解析 2】share 共享。共用share sth 共享或共用某物share sth with sb. 与某人共享某物13. Could I hang out with my friends after the movie.看完电影后我能和伴侣们一起闲逛吗?【解析】 hang out 闲逛hang up 把.悬挂 /挂起14. Could you please pass me the salt.你能把盐递给我吗?【解析】 passv 给。递。走过。

35、通过pass sb.sth 把某物递给某Pass on 传递Please pass the paper on to the other students. v 通过。路过I pass your home. v 通过(考试)。及格Tom can pass his math exam.15.【解析】 borrow /lend/keep(1) borrow借入,与 from连用,尤指主语【借进来 】borrow sth from sb.从某人那里借某物You can borrow the book from the library.(2) lend借出, 与 to 搭配【指借出去】lend sb s

36、th=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesn t want to lend his book to others.(3) keep 保留,储存(连续动词,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用)【指借一段时间】【记】I want to borrow a bike from my friend but he didnt _lend it to me,5可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 23 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心

37、总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -because Tom had _kept it for two days.16. 【解析】 try not to do sth 努力(不)做某事。tryv 试图,设法,努力【拓展】1try on试穿(2) try to do sth努力做某事【侧重尽力做】(3) try doing sth试图做某事【侧重尝试做】(4) try one s best to do sth= do one 尽s b某es人t t最o 大do努st力h 做某事18.【解析】 ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 恳求,要某物ask

38、 sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事1ask sb. for help向某人恳求帮忙2 ask sb. not to do sth 恳求某人做某事ask 构成的短语:短语含义ask sb. to do sth请某人做某事ask sb. not to do sth不让某人做某事ask sb for sth向某人要某物ask for help寻求帮忙19.I ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候,我将完成我的家庭作业。【解析 1】finish doing sth完成某事 Can you fi

39、nish _reading these books before 10 oYes,I ccalno.ck.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结【解析 2】while conj.在期间。当的时候 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结While引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是连续动词。_While the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.【解析 3】help sb. with sth.在某事上帮忙某人。【注】 help v 帮忙 helpful adj.有帮忙的1help sb.

40、 do sth. =help sb. with sth.帮忙某人做某事 2with the help ofsb.=with one s 在he某lp人的帮忙之下 3without the help of没有在的帮忙之下20. Could I invite my friends to a party.我能邀请我的伴侣们来聚会吗?【解析】 invite sb. to Sp.邀请某人去某的【解析】 invitev invitationn 邀请1 invite sb. to do sth邀请某人做某事 2invite sb. to + 的点邀请某人去某的 21【解析】 make sb. do sth

41、让某人做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结make made made v 做.,制作,使得可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结(1) make sb/sth + 形容词让某人或某物 make you happy(2) make sb/sth do sth使某人做某事make me laugh. 22.【解析】 have time to do sth. 有时间做某事have time =be free有空 23.【解析】 a waste of 铺张a waste of time铺张时间a waste of money铺张金钱 wastev铺张 waste time

42、/money on sth waste time / money in doing sth在做某事上花费时间/金钱 24.【解析 1】spend. onsth 在某事上花费. spend/pay/cost/take 花费(1) spend spent spen花t v费 ,主语是人 sb.+ spend +时间 /钱+on sth sb. +spend +时间 /钱+( in) doing sth6可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 23 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - - spend on= pay for 支付(2) pay paid paid v支付,主语是人 sb.+ pay + 钱+for sthI pay 10 yuan for the book.(3) cost cost covst花费,主语是某物或某事

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