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1、精品名师归纳总结成人英语三级考试虚拟语气用法总结在英文中表示虚拟的情形不但有虚词的提示,谓语动词也要相应的变化。虚拟语气是英语三级考试的必考学问点之一,也是表达英汉语言习惯区分的一个语法现象。在汉语里表示假设虚拟的情形常用一些虚词来表示,例如“假设 ”、“假如 ”等,而英文中表示虚拟的情形不但有虚词的提示,谓语动词也要相应的变化。虚拟语气的基本作用是：1表达假设的情形与事实相反;2 表达异想天开很难实现的愿望;3表达建议命令劝说 等语气。 本部分重点讲if 引导的虚拟条件句, 含蓄条件句、 特别结构中虚拟语气,及 should+ 动词原形的用法。1、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法虚拟条件 语气中,主
2、句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类： 假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反 If+ 动词的过去式be 用 were 而不用 waswould 第一人称可用 should+动词原形与过去事实相反 If+had+ 过去分词 would 第一人称可用 should+have+ 过去分词与将来事实相反 If+were to+ 动词原形或 If+should+ 动词原形 would 第一人称可用should+ 动词原形下面我们列举今年的真题来强化记忆。例 1 Mary said to me , “Had I seen your bag, I _ it to you.”A.wil
3、l return B.must return C.could return D.would have returned【答案】 D2004 年 4 月 45 题例 2 I would ask George to lend us the money if I_ him. A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came【答案】 C1995 年 38 题例 3 If Bob_ with us , he would have had a good time. A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.cam
4、e可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1、省略 if 的虚拟形式在虚拟条件句中, 如谓语包含 were,had,should 等词, 就可以把这些词放到主语前面, 省略 if 。例 1the advice of his friends , he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A.If he took B.If he should take C.Were he to take D.Had he taken【答案】 D2004 年 4 月 32 题例 2, I should ask them some
5、 questions.A.Should they come to us B.If they come to us C.Were they come to us D.Had they come tous【答案】 A1997 年 30 题例 3, you were busy , I would t have bothered you with my questions.A.If I realized B.Had I realized C.Did I have realized that D.As I realized【答案】 B1996 年 39 题2、含蓄条件句有时一个假设的情形不用条件从句表示
6、,而用其他方式来表示,这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用 with , without , but for 引导。例 1 Without heat and sunlight , plants on the earthwell. A.would not grow B.will not grow C.had not grown D.would not be grown【答案】 A2004 年 11 月 32 题例 2 But for my classm ates he,lpI the work in time.A.did not finish B.could not finish C.will not
7、finish D.would not have finished【答案】 A2004 年 11 月 32 题例 3 But for the rain , wea nice holiday.A.should have B.would have had C.would have D.will have had可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3、特别词或结构中的虚拟语气(1) 以 wishthat 引导的表示 “愿望 ”的宾语从句。wish 后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语+wish+ 从句 主语+过去
8、时 ; 表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语+wish+ 从句 主语 +过去完成时 。例 1 I didnt go to the pa,rtybut I do wish I there. A.were B.would be C.had been D.will be【答案】 C2001 年 53 题例 2 Peter wishes that helaw instead of literature when he was in college. A.could study B.studied C.had studied D.would study【答案】 C2000 年 53 题(2) if onl
9、y+ 句子 过去时 /过去完成时 “要是 就好了 ”。If only 后面的句子假如是对现在或将来情形的虚拟,用过去时 did;假如是对过去情形的虚拟, 用过去完成时had done。要留意与 if 区分, if 只表示假设, 意为 “假如 ”,用真实语气。而 if only 表示不行能实现的情形,用虚拟语气。例： If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响就好了。 对过去虚拟 If only I were rich. 要是我富有就好了。 对现在虚拟 (3) would rather+ 句子 过去时 。表示宁愿、宁可的意愿,语气比较动听,后接过去式。例 1
10、I am too busy these days. I would rather all of younext month for a dinner. A.come B.would come C.came D.have come【答案】 C2002 年 46 题例 2 I d you didntouc,h tihf aytou dont mind. A.rather B.better C.happier D.further【答案】 A1998 年 45 题可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结做的事,意思是 “该 了、早该 了”。例 1 Let s finish our homewo
11、rk in a faw seconds;its time we_ . A.played football B.will play football C.play football D.are playing football【答案】 A2004 年 11 月 43 题例 2 Dont you think it is time you _ _ smoking. A.give up B.gave up C.would give up D.should give up【答案】 B1999 年 31 题5以 as if, as though 引导的从句。在 as if , as though 引导的从
12、句中,假如谈论的是不行能或不真实的情形时,他们所引导的状语从句要用虚拟语气,动词形式和wish 后面的从句动词形式变化相同。例： He talks as heeverything in the world. A.konws B.knew C.had known D.would have known【答案】 B 本句表示说话人对现在的情形有所怀疑,所以用过去的。4、 should +动词原形及 should 的省略(1) 一些表示建议、要求、命令等的动词本身隐含说话者主观的看法。因此这些动词或其派生词,如名词、形容词、分词等后面的从句应使用虚拟语气,即“should do结”构,其中的 “sho
13、uld常”被省略。如：表示 “提议、建议 ”的动词： suggest, advise, propose, recommend, move提议 ;表示 “要求、主见 ”的动词： insist, require,request, demand, desire;表示： “命令 ”的动词： order ,command。例 1 I don t think it advisable that Tomto she job since he has no experience. A.be assigned B.is assigned C.will be assigned D.has been assigne
14、d【答案】 A2006 年 11 月 29 题例 2 His mother insisted that hethe coat when going out. A.put on B.puts on C.to put D.putting on可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结例 3 The doctor advised that Mr.Malanan operation right away so as to save his life. A.had B.would have C.have D.was going to have【答案】 C1998 年 28 题 此处省略了 shou
15、ld。(2) It is necessary/important/essential/vital/urgent/surprising/amazing that引导的主语从句中,从句的谓语动词要用should + 原形动词, should 也可以省略。此类形容词的特点是表示重要性或惊讶。例 1 It is vital that enough moneycollected to get the project started. A.is B.be C.must be D.can be【答案】 B2004 年 11 月 24 题例 2 Itursgent that a meeting befor the final decision is made. A.will be arranged B.must be arranged C.be arranged D.would be arranged【答案】 C2003 年 4 月 45 题(3) 以 in case, lest,for fear that引导的状语从句,表示“以防、以免 ”其形式为 should+动词原形。He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.他把雨衣带在身上可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载