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1、美国方言协会作为一所权威语言研究机构，每年都会投票选出当年最具影响力的英语(论坛)词汇。今年他们选出的当季明星词是tweet，而十年间的明星词则是google。“Tweet” 2009 Word of the Year,“Google” Word of the Decade, as voted by American Dialect SocietyIn its 20th annual words of the year vote, the AmericanDialect Society voted “tweet” (noun, a short message sent via the T se
2、rvice, and verb, the act of sending such a message) as the word of the year and “google” (a generic form of “Google,” meaning “to search the Internet) as its word of the decade. Presiding at the Jan. 8 voting session.“Both words are, in the end, products of the Information Age, where every person ha
3、s the ability to satisfy curiosity and to broadcast to a select following, both via the Internet.” Barrett said. “I really thought blog would take the honors in the word of the decade category, but more people google than blog, dont they? Plus, many people think blog just sounds ugly. Maybe Googles
4、trademark lawyers would have preferred it, anyway.”WORD OF THE YEAR WINNER: tweet, noun, a short message sent via the T service, and verb, the act of sending such a message.Other nominees for word of the year:-er A suffix used in such words as birther, someone who questions whether Obama was born in
5、 the United States; deather, someone who believes the government has death panels in its healthcare reform plan; Tenther, someone who believes the Federal government is mostly illegal because it usurps rights which belong to the States, in violation of the 10th Amendment; and truther, someone who do
6、ubts the official account of the 9/11 attacks.failA noun or interjection describing something egregiouslyunsuccessful. Usually used as an interjection:“FAIL!”H1N1The virus that causes swine flu.public optionA government-run healthcare insurance program, desired by some to be part of the countrys hea
7、lthcare reform.Dracula sneezeCovering ones mouth with the crookof ones elbow when sneezing, seen as similar to popular portrayals of the vampire Dracula, in which he hides the lower half of his face with a cape.WORD OF THE DECADE WINNER:googleVerb meaning “to search the Internet.” Generic form of th
8、e trademarked “Google,” the worlds dominant Internet search engine.Other nominees for word of the decade:9/11The terroristattacks of September 11, 2001. Pronounced “nine eleven.”blogA web site for publishing a chronologicaland ongoing series of related entries, especially when they are all by the sa
9、me person(s) or on the same topic. Also a productive combining form: blogosphere, blogerati, milblog, blogola.greenRelated to ecological or environmental conservationor protection. Also a productive combining form: greenwashing, green collar, etc.text Verb. to send a text message via a mobile phone.
10、 Noun: such a message.war on terrorA global effort to preventterror and terrorists.Wi-Fi abbreviationWireless Fidelity, a group of technical standards enabling the transmission of data over wireless networks. American Dialect Society: Words of Previous Years2008Word of the Year： bailout, the rescue
11、by the government of companies on the brink of failure, including large players in the banking industry. Most Useful:Barack Obama, both names as combining forms. Most Creative: recombobulation area, an area at Mitchell International Airport in Milwaukee in which passengers that have just passed thro
12、ugh security screening can get their clothes and belongings back in order. Most Unnecesssary:moofing, from “mobile out of office,” meaning working on the go with a laptop and cell phone. Created by a PR firm. Most Outrageous:terrorist fist jab, A knuckleto- knuckle fist bump, or “dap,” traditionally
13、 performed between two black people as a sign of friendship, celebration or agreement. It was called the “terrorist fistjab” by the newscaster E. D. Hill, formerly of Fox News. Most Euphemistic: scooping technician, A person whose job it is to pick up dog poop. Most Likely to Succeeed:shovel-ready,
14、Used to describe infrastructure projects that can be started quickly when funds become available. Least Likely to Succeed: PUMA,An acronym for Party Unity My Ass, used by Democrats who were disaffected after Hillary Clinton failed to secure a sufficient number of delegates. It was later said to stan
15、d for Party Unity Means Action. New Category Election-Related Words: maverick, a person who is beholden to no one. Widely used by the Republican Presidential and Vice- Presidential candidates, John McCain and Sarah Palin. Also in the adjectival form mavericky, used by Tina Fey portraying Palin on Sa
16、turday Night Live.2007Word of the Year：subprime, an adjective used to describe a risky or less than ideal loan, mortgage, or investment. Most Useful:green- prefix/compounding form, designates environmental concern, as in greenwashing. Most Creative: googleg nger, a person with your name who shows up
17、 when you google yourself. Most Unnecesssary:Happy Kwanhanamas! Kwanza + Hanukka + Christmas Happy holidays! Most Outrageous:toe tapper, A homosexual. Senator Larry Craig was arrested in June for an encounter in a public restroom in which toe-tapping was said to have been used as a sexual comeon. Mo
18、st Euphemistic: human terrain team, a group of social scientists employed by the US military to serve as cultural advisers in Iraq or Afghanistan. Most Likely to Succeeed: green- prefix/compounding form, designates environmental concern, as in greenwashing. Least Likely to Succeed: strand-in, protes
19、t duplicating being stranded inside an airplane on a delayed flight. New Category, Real Estate Words:subprime, used to describe a risky or poorly documented loan or mortgage.2006Word of the Year, to be plutoed, to pluto, to be demoted or devalued. Most Useful: climate canary, an organism or species
20、whose poor health or declining numbers hint at a larger environmental catastrophe on the horizon. Most Creative: lactard, a person who is lactose-intolerant. Most Unnecessary:SuriKat, the supposed nickname of the baby girl of Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes. Most Outrageous: Cambodian accessory, Angelin
21、a Jolies adopted child who is Cambodian. Most Euphemistic: waterboardingterrorist fist jab, an interrogation technique in which the subject is immobilized and doused with water to simulate drowning; reported to be used by U.S. interrogators against terrorism detainees. Most Likely to Succeed: YouTub
22、e as a verb, to use the YouTube web site or to have a video of ones self be posted on the site. Least Likely to Succeed:grup, a Gen-Xer who does not act his or her age. New Category, Pluto- Related Words:to be plutoed, to pluto, to be demoted or devalued. 2005Word of the Yeartruthiness, what one wis
23、hes to be the truth regardless of the facts. (From the Colbert Report with Stephen Colbert, a mock news show on Comedy Central.) Most Useful:podcast, audio or video file for downloading. Most Creative: whale-tail, the appearance of thong or g-string underwaear above the waistband. Most Unnecessary:K
24、 Fed, Kevin Federline, Mr. Britney Spears. Most Outrageous:crotchfruit, a child or children. Most Euphemistic:internal nutrition force-feeding a prisoner. Most Likely to Succeed: sudokunumber puzzle from Japan. Least Likely to Succeed:popesquatting registering a likely domain name of a new pope befo
25、re the pope chooses his new name in order to profit from it. Special nonce category, Best Tom Cruise-Related Word:jump the couch, to exhibit frenetic behavior like Cruises couch-bouncing on Oprah Winfreys talk show.2004Word of the Year:red/blue/purple states, red favoring conservative Republicans an
26、d blue favoring liberal Democrats, as well as the undecided purple states in the political map of the United States. Most Useful:phish, to induce someone to reveal private information by means of deceptive email. Most Creative:pajamahadeen, bloggers who challenge and fact-check traditional media. Mo
27、st Unnecessary: stalkette, a female stalker. Most Outrageous:santorum, byproduct of anal sex, using the name of a senator opposed to the practice. Most Euphemistic: badly sourced, false. Most Likely to Succeed:red/blue/purple states. Least Likely to Succeed:FLOHPA, Florida, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, i
28、mportant states in the 2004 presidential election.2003Word of the Year: metrosexual, fashion-conscious heterosexual male. Most Useful: flexitarian, vegetarian who occasionally eats meat. Most Creative: freegan, person who eats only free food. Most Unnecessary:freedom for “French,” as in fries and ki
29、sses. Most Outrageous: cliterati, feminist writers or leaders. Most Euphemistic:pre-emptive self-defense, attack before a possible attack on oneself. Most Likely to Succeed: SARS, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, viral disease first reported in Asia in February. Least Likely to Succeed: tomacco, p
30、oisonous hybrid of tomato and tobacco. Best Revival of an old term:spider hole, World War II term for a hole deeper than a foxhole used for surprise attacks; in 2003, where Saddam Hussein was hiding. 2002Word of the Year: weapons of mass destruction or WMD, sought for in Iraq. Most Likely to Succeed
31、:blog, from “weblog,” a website of personal events, comments, and links. Most Useful:google (verb), as in “to google someone,” to search the Web using the search engine Google for information on a person or thing. Most Creative:Iraqnophobia, strong fear of Iraq. Most Unnecessary:wombanization, femin
32、ization, from Alexander Barness book “The Book Read Backwards: The Deconstruction of Patriarchy and the Wombanization of Being.” Most Outrageous:neuticles, fake testicles for neutered pets. Most Euphemistic: regime change, forced change in leadership.2001Word of the Year:9-11, 9/11 or September 11,
33、terrorist attacks on that date. Most Likely to Succeed:9-11. Most Useful (tie):facial profiling, using video “faceprint ” to identify terrorists and criminals, and second-hand speech, cell phone conversations heard by others in public places. Most Creative: shuicide bomber, terrorist with bomb in sh
34、oes. Most Unnecessary: impeachment nostalgia, longing for the superficial news of the Clinton era. Least Likely to Succeed: Osamaniac, woman sexually attracted to terrorist Osama bin Laden. Most Outrageous:assoline, methane used as fuel. Most Euphemistic: daisy cutter, large bomb that explodes a few
35、 feet above the ground. Most Inspirational: Lets roll! words of Todd Beamer to start the attack that foiled the hijackers of United Flight 93 on September 11.2000Word of the Year:chad, a small scrap of paper punched from a voting card. Most Likely to Succeed:muggle, Harry Potter term for a non-wizar
36、d; a mundane, unimaginative person. Most Useful:civil union, legal same-sex marriage. Most Creative:dot bomb, a failed dot-com. Most Unnecessary: sudden loss of wealth syndrome. Least Likely to Succeed: kablokeys, used in phrases like “It scared the kablokeys out of me.” Most Outrageous: wall humpin
37、g, rubbing a thigh against a security card scanner to allow access without removing the card from ones pocket. Most Euphemistic:courtesy call, an uninvited call from a telemarketer. Brand New(coined during the year, not previously attested): unconcede, to rescind a concession as presidential candida
38、te Al Gore did on election night. (It was later discovered that candidate Bob Dole had unconceded the presidential election in 1996, and there were occasional instances of that word going back several centuries.)(Also chosen in January 2000: Word of the Decade: web. Word of the Twentieth Century: ja
39、zz. Word of the Millennium: she.) 每一年，美国方言协会（ADS）都会选出当年最热门、最具影响力的英语词汇，而过去十年间的No.1是谁呢？最终“Google”赢得了这一殊荣，不过注意这里它不是那家搜索引擎公司，而已经是个通用动词，意思是利用Google搜索引擎在WWW上查找资料。和Google一起入围最终决赛圈的其他五个候选词汇是：“9/11”（九一一事件）、“green”（绿色节能）、“blog”（博客）、“text”（短信）、“war on terror”（反恐战争）。回到2002年，当时的年度词汇是“weapons of mass destruction”
40、（大规模杀伤性武器），而Google被选为最有用的，blog则是最有潜力的。2006年年中，牛津英语词典和韦氏词典陆续将Google收录为动词。如今，我们已经很难想象没有Google的世界。十年来最火热的词汇大多数都是互联网造就的，但也有很多来自政治或者媒体，或者二者兼而有之，比如出自美国大选的“red state”（支持共和党的红色之州）和“blue state”（支持民主党的蓝色之州）。以下是过去十年的年度英语词汇：2000：Chad、Courtesy call、Civil union、Nader traitor2001：9/11、Suicide bomber、Ground zero、Mi
41、sunderestimate2002：WMD、Google(动词)、Blog、Amber alert、Regime change2003：Metrosexual、Embed、SARS、Pre-emptive self defense2004：Red state、blue state、purple state、Flip-flopper、Phish、krunked2005：Truthiness、Katrina、Podcast、Sudoku2006：Plutoed、Macaca、YouTube、Lactard、waterboarding2007：Subprime、Facebook、Green-(前缀)、Truther、Toe tapper2008：Bailout、Barack Obama、Change、maverick、Shovel ready、TWD (texting while driving)、Bromance、Terrorist fist jab2009：Tweet、-er(后缀)、Fail、Public option、H1N1、Death panel、Sexting