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1、. .大学英语四级复习知识点综合技能训练倒装句一、倒装句1. So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子（如此以至于）【例】So precious is time that we can not afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。这是四级考试作文部分经常用到的一个套句，也是我们在第一部分要学习的第一种句型倒装句。我们注意到这个句子的谓语动词“be”放到的了主语的前面，这种句子成分顺序和标准句型不一致的句型就是倒装句。倒装（The Inversion），一般来说是一种较正式的句型，能考查考生的英文写作水平。在文章的开头用倒装句你的文章会因此
2、而添色不少，也是写应试作文获取高分的亮点之一，所以我们一定要学会正确地使用它，恰当地用来阐述自己的观点。2、adj. + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S. + V. + （虽然）【例】Rich as our country is, our quality of life is by no means satisfactory.虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质却不是令人满意的。v by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不3. On no account can we + V. + （我们绝对不能）【例】On no account c
3、an we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。4、倒装有两种。将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装（plete inversion）。【例】Then began a bitter war between the two countries. 于是两国之间开始了恶战。只将助动词（包括情态动词）移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装（partial inversion）。At no time can the entrance be left unguarded. 入口需要随时有人把守。 二、四级必考句型(1) Among the disadvantage
4、s that may bring to are that + S. + V., making + n. + adj.【分析】有时候，为了强调“介词 + 宾语”结构，我们把它置于句首，此时句子需要全部倒装，在本句中我们把谓语动词“are”放在了主语结构“that”的前面。Among the disadvantages that cars may bring to our lives are that we could spend more time in traffic jams and we would likely spend more money on operation and main
5、tenance fees, making our schedules tighter and our pockets lighter!(2) With these steps, we can change our society into one out of which es the possibility that 【分析】句中的定语从句“out of which es the possibility”是完全倒装句。With these steps, we can change our society into one out of which es the possibility tha
6、t natural resources will be fully cherished.(3) There is a real possibility that , should there be a .【分析】Should there be a是省略if并部分倒装的将来时虚拟条件句。还原后为：If there should be a There is a real possibility that we can solve this problem pletely, should there be cooperation among all parties involved.(4) neve
7、r, hardly, seldom, rarely, not, until，scarcely, in no case（不管怎样也不），in no way（不管怎么也不），by no means（决不），on no account（不论什么原因也不），at no time（无论什么时候也不）等否定词放在句首时，句子要倒装。By no means shall we cease to protect our environment. (5) It was very late. Exhausted though she was, there was no hope of her being able
8、to fall asleep. 【分析】从属连词as和though也可以用于让步状语从句中。这种从句必须以形容词（或形容词化的分词）、名词或动词原形开头，主句必须位于从句之后。 1) Small as a bicycle is, it can bring a lot of convenience to our lives. 2) Foolish though he looks, he always seems to make the wisest proposals. （他看起来样子傻傻的，可似乎总是能提出最聪明的建议。） 3) Try as you may, you will never s
9、ucceed. （你尽管可以试，但决不会成功）。 三、练习A、翻译1. 至于计算机化的影响，没有什么地方比银行能更清楚地看到其成果。2. 要不是来自政府的及时投资，我们的公司不会像现在这样繁荣昌盛。3. 只是过了一年，我就开始看到我工作的成绩。4. 该组织没有违反规章，但是它也没有负责任地认真工作。5. 几乎每个月都有消息报道调查中国公民中科学教育文盲问题的严重性。6. 打算离婚的父母没有很好地培养孩子应对将要到来的危机的能力，他们也没有向孩子们作出很有必要的保证：会有人照顾你们的。7. 虽然他聪明机智，也觉得解决这个问题很难。8. 她不仅学习刻苦，而且很有礼貌。9. 树下坐着的人，是我见过的
10、最高大的人之一。10. 只有当研究者获得充分的数据，他们才能得出一个正确的结论。【参考答案】1. As for the influence of puterization, nowhere have we seen the results more clearly than in the bank.2. Had it not been for the timely investment from the government, our pany would not be thriving as it is. 3. Only after a year did I begin to see the
11、 results of my work. 4. The organization had broken no rules, but neither had it acted responsibly. 5. Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among Chinese citizens.6. Parents planning to divorce do not sufficiently prepare their children
12、for the ing crisis, nor do they provide them with the necessary assurances that they will be cared for in the aftermath. 7. Clever and resourceful though he was, he found more than a little difficulty solving the problem.8. Not only was she a hard worker, but she was also very polite.9. Under a tree
13、 was sitting one of the biggest men I had ever seen.10. Only when the researchers have obtained sufficient data can they e to a sound conclusion.B. 改错1. Scarcely they had settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.2. Under no circumstances we should do anything that wi
14、ll benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.3. Not until an infant hedgehog（刺猬）opens its eyes it leaves its nest to follow its mother about.4. Down jumped was the burglar from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.5. Most of his classmates agree with the opinion t
15、hat bad as he is,but he has his good points.6. Not until have I passed the examination will I be able to go out to parties.7. Not only the student disturb the authority of the older generation he can threaten the social system as a whole.8. No fewer than one thousand people did e here to attend the
16、petition.9. We had hardly arrived when does she started crying to go home.10. No sooner had he drunk the coffee when he began to feel drowsy.【参考答案】1. they hadhad they2. we shouldshould we 3. it leavesdoes it leave 4. 去掉was5. 去掉but 6. have II have7. only后加does8. did ecame 9. 去掉does 10. whenthan四、伟人伟招
17、1. 英勇无畏式Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood. (Marie Curie)生活中没有什么可怕的东西，只有需要理解的东西。（居里夫人）【点评】这句话可用于提出问题的解决方法，比如说关于“global shortage of fresh water”，在提到如何应对时，不妨说：Famous scientist Marie Curie once said, “Nothing in life is to be feared; it is only to be understood.” In the same w
18、ays, once we understand the causes of this phenomenon, we can confidently believe that we will solve the problem with the following means. 2. 热情无限式A man can succeed at almost anything for which he has unlimited enthusiasm.(C. M. Schwab)只要有无限的热情，一个人几乎可以在任何事情上取得成功。（施瓦布）【点评】用法和上句类似。3. 理想远大式The importan
19、t thing in life is to have a great aim, and also the determination to attain it. (Goethe)人生重要的在于确立一个伟大的目标，并有决心使其实现。（歌德） 【点评】我们可以从歌德的话语里面，学到一个很好的句型：The important thing is to, 不妨进一步学一个四级里面另两个更受欢迎的句型：(1) Nothing is + (adj).er than to + V. + Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V. + 【例】Nothing is more im
20、portant than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。(2) What a + adj. + n. + S. + V.!= How + adj. + a + n. + V.!（多么！） What an important thing it is to keep our promise! How important a thing it is to keep our promise!遵守诺言是多么重要的事！五、实践与提高用下列给出的句型造句：1. The narrator may be right about, but he neglects to me
21、ntion he fact that 2. As opposed to widely held beliefs, I believ that 3. Although many people believe that, I doubt whether the argument holds up to much analysis . 4. The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we could gain from A. 5. Although it is monly held that, it is unlikely that 6. There is a
22、n element of truth in this argument , but it ignores a deeper and more basic fact that 7. It is true that , but that is not to say that 8. The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant of the basic fact that 9. It would be natural to think that, but it would be absurd to claim that 10.
23、In all the discussion and debate over, one important fact is generally overlooked 强调句一、强调句精彩套句展示 It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道） 是一个在四级作文里面用来阐述观点的经典句型，用词也很出色。 It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 It isthat + 句子构成强调句型（The Emphatic Patt
24、ern） 英语常用的强调结构是“It is/was+被强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）+ who（that）”。一般说来，被强调部分指人时，用who；指事物时，用that；在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。 与之类似的常用句型还有： It is conceivable that + 句子（可想而知的） It is obvious that + 句子（明显的） It is apparent that + 句子（显然的） It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生
25、中扮演一个重要的角色。 二、语法精讲1. 简介(1) 一般情况用It is (was)that (who)，指人时，用who；指物时，用that。 我们分别可以强调主语、宾语、表语、时间状语和地点状语等。如： He read three books in the library yesterday.（正常句子） It was he who read three books in the library yesterday.（强调主语） It was three books that he read in the library yesterday.（强调宾语） It was in the li
26、brary that he read three books yesterday.（强调地点状语） (2) 强调状语或定语时，只用that，不用when、where，如： It is at 5 oclock that the train will arrive. (3) 被强调的部分是主语时，注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。如： It is he who is late. It is they who were late. (4) 一般疑问句的强调句为“Is (was) it + that?”；特殊疑问句为：“特殊疑问词+ is (was) +it +that?”结构。如： Was
27、it ten years ago that his father died?（他的父亲是十年前去世的吗？） When is it that you will set off?（你到底什么时候出发？） (5)“notuntil”句型的强调结构为“It is not untilthat”应注意把否定词not转移到until前面。如： I didnt go home until the rain stopped.（直到雨停了我才回家）。 强调句为：It was not until the rain stopped that I went home. I didnt know the news unt
28、il yesterday.（直到昨天我才知道那个消息） 强调句为：It was not until yesterday that I knew the news. 2. 四级必考套句学习 (1) It is the responsibility of to do sth. 【分析】注意，从形式上看该句子很像强调句型，而实际上并非如此，因为句中it是形式主语，动词不定式作实际主语。 It is the responsibility of every citizen in our society to do his utmost to protect the environment. (2) It
29、 is the , I suppose, that havehas given rise to . 【分析】该强调句型强调句子主语，I suppose作为插入语。这是一个很好掌握的四级长句，在作文中需要分析原因时，可以用它阐述自己的看法。 It is the tighter job market, I suppose, that has given rise to the increase in the number of unemployed college students in China. (3) It is only when that . 【分析】强调句型强调when引导时间从句。
30、 It is only when you nearly lose someone that you bee fully conscious of how much you value him. 三、练习与进步 A. 翻译 1. 直到最后一刻，我才得知事情的传闻。 2. 他是否接受我的观点，我并不在乎。 3. 我不应干预此类事。 4. 在拥挤的公交车上抽烟，是不礼貌的行为。 5. 爱迪生是位真正的天才，这是不容置疑的。 6. 直到他走进教室，才意识到忘了做家庭作业。 7. 在我们家，饭前洗手是每个人的习惯。 8. 一个人应该精读一门，博览各科。 9. 她觉得回复这封信，是她应尽的责任。 10.
31、大多数年轻人都认为过轻松不用努力的生活是最好的，这是令人遗憾的事。 【参考答案】 1. It was at the eleventh hour that I got wind of what was going on. 2. It does not matter whether he accepts my opinions or not. 3. It is not my place to interfere in such affairs. 4. It is impolite behavior to smoke in a crowded bus. 5. It is undeniable tha
32、t Edison was a genius in the truest sense of the word. 6. It was not until he entered the classroom that he realized he had forgotten to do the homework. 7. In our home it is a rigid rule for each person to wash his hands before eating. 8. It is wise to read everything about something and something
33、about everything. 9. She felt it incumbent upon her to answer the letter at once. 10. It is to be regrettedthat the majority of young people should look upon an effortless life as the highest good. B. 改错 1. It is she which I think is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen. 2. There is an old sayin
34、g which says, “Great oaks from little acorns grow.” 3. It is in the park which theyll take a piic. 4. It is believed which the earliest feature of chronic bronchitis is excessive secretion from the mucous glands and goblet call. 5. It is one of his peculiarities that no incident ever happens to him
35、that without teaching him some valuable lesson. 6. It is an error to suppose which the public is indifferent or unable to understand the problems of religion and philosophy. 7. It is wrong to accuse a person of a crime that you have evidence that he may be guilty. 8. It be reasonable to receive extr
36、a pay for extra work. 9. It is very difficult that you havent sufficient data to solve the problem. 【参考答案】 1. whichwho2. whichthat3. whichwhere4. whichthat 5. 去掉him后面的that6. whichthat7. thatunless 8. beis9. thatwhen 四、伟人伟招 1. 百折不挠式 We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinit
37、e hope. (Martin Luther King, Jr.) 我们必须接受失望，因为它是有限的，但千万不可失去希望，因为它是无穷的。（马丁路德金） 【点评】该句为马丁路德金生命的体验，我们在作文中谈到某种麻烦的解决方法时，借用过来妙不可言。另外We must do, but we must never用于观点的转折或者递进效果很好。 2. 深入生活式 Genius is formed in quiet, character in the stream of life. (Goethe ) 天才形成于平静中，性格来自于生活的激流。（歌德） 【点评】歌德之才，恐非我辈能及，但大师的语言却给我
38、们无穷的灵感。表示“形成”记着用“is formed in”，简单之处见真章。 五、实践与进步 用下列给出的句型造句： 1. There is absolutely no reason for us to believe that 2. Logical as this argument is, and I whole-heartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant when is taken into consideration . 3. To assume that is far from infallible . 4. A close i
39、nspection of this argument would reveal how flimsy it is. 5. On the surface , it may seem a sound suggestion , but with careful consideration , we find that 6. Too much emphasis placed on may obscure other facts, including that 7. The danger is that 8. What the narrator fails to understand is that 9
40、. We dont have to look very far to see the truth of this argument . 10. However just this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem 省 略 句 一、四级精彩套句展示 It is necessary that effective actions be taken to prevent this problem. 省略，在语言中，尤其在对话中是一种常见的现象，它可以使语气明了。英语里被省略部分一般可以在句子中补上。本句是省略should
41、的虚拟语气，完整句为It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent this problem. 这种对虚拟语气的省略在四级作文句子里面广为存在， 又如：It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing / improving)中的should也可省略。 二、语法精讲 1. 简介 句子中的某一成分省略的现象，在语言当中广泛存在，汉语当中也有。比如：一班的学生比二班的
42、多。本句中在“二班的”后面就省略了“学生”一词，因为根据语境，该词我们已经可以推理得知，在语言中为了避免麻烦，将其省略。 大家可能会说：“四级考试中我就担心字数凑不够，为什么还要学习省略呢？”字数的问题确实是我们必须面对的问题，但并不是四级考核的惟一标准。省略句的合理利用，会起到事半功倍的效果。首先，启用省略句虽然在字数上吃了点小亏，但是可以让句子更精炼流畅，可谓舍一而得十；另外，很多考生为了凑字数，啰里啰嗦，让评卷老师味同嚼蜡，这时你的省略句就可能会如一缕春风，好处自不用多言。 2. 四级必考句型 (1) Although many have tried, few have succeede
43、d in attempts to . 【分析】本句中tried后的宾语可根据后半句的语义推测得知，所以可以省略，避免重复。 Although many have tried, few have succeeded in attempts to find perfect solutions. (2) , be it , will bring a lot of happiness into our lives. 【分析】本句是一个超难句型，中间一节省略了whether和might，并进行了倒装，将“be it”恢复后应为whether it might be。Be it，可译为“比方说”，用来给出
44、更多细节。 The application of electric power, be it to light our rooms or to listen to music, will bring a lot of happiness to our lives. (3) Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though to go out of the office. 【分析】as though引导方式状语从句，谓语常用虚拟语气，本句中主句的主语与从句的主语相同，故从句中的主语和谓语省略，即省略了she wanted；如果补全，即为：as though she wanted to go out of the office. 三、练习与进步 A. 翻译 1. 因为项目任务十分艰巨，这个项目需要的劳动