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1、. -目录content建筑architecture土木工程civil engineering建筑知识building knowledge建筑工地building site建筑机械building machinery构造构件structural elements 下部构造substructure上部构造superstructure混凝土工程concrete work钢筋reinforcement模板工程formwork砖石工程brickwork钢与金属构造工程steel-and metalwork木作工程timberwork屋面管道及饰面roofs、plumbing and finishes
2、alphabetical index of建筑技术名词索引technical terms in construction建筑architecture房屋建筑structural architecture室建筑interior architecture园林建筑landscape architecture环境建筑environmental architecture建筑物的一些类型some types of building住宅house home dwelling错层式住宅split-level house坡地住宅stepped hillside house半独立式住宅semi-detached
3、home联列式住宅区terrace-house development别墅bungalow cottage 公寓flat apartment 单身公寓bachelor棚屋shack shanty shed hut娱乐中心recreation center室游泳池indoor swimming pool多层建筑multi-storey block 高层建筑high-rise block商业建筑business premises建筑师承当以下工作an architect renders the followingservices设计design初步设计preliminary design施工设计f
4、inal design草图sketch 图纸drawing钢筋混凝土梁设计design of a reinforced concrete beam质量管理supervision现场质量管理site supervision工程质量管理project supervision预算师quantity surveyors预算师的工作a quantity surveyors service are 概预算estimates确定工作量determination of quantities编制工程量表preparation of bills of quantities组织投标request for tende
5、rs(quotations、bids)签订合同award of contracts结算accounting设计工作一览表list of planning work performed by由建筑师承当的工作the architect方案草图preliminary sketch初步设计preliminary design位置图key plan、block plan总体规划图master plan 总图general layout详图设计detail design施工图working design详图detail drawing预留孔洞图recess drawing现场质量管理site super
6、vision验收final approval进度表time schedule由构造工程是承当的工作the engineer静力计算static calculation模板图formwork drawing配筋图reinforcement drawing由预算师承当的工作the quantity surveyor工程量表bills of quantities组织投标calling for tenders合同contracts付款程序payment schedule由参谋承当的工作the consultant可行性研究feasibility study experts opinion专家意见exp
7、erts survey experts report建筑名词architectural terms未完工建筑unfinished building建筑系数coverage建筑占地面积covered area建筑体积cubage、cubical content居住面积living area商业面积mercial area住宅区residential area住宅区方案housing scheme住宅小区housing colony创立工程turnkey project工业区industrial area工业开展区industrial development建筑造价building costs分期
8、付款progress payment末次付款final payment图纸drawing 、plan绘制图纸to prepare a drawing平面图plan局部平面图part plan索引图key plan布置图layout北立面图north elevation剖面图cross section 、transversal section纵剖图longitudinal section视图view 全景图panoramic view轴测图isometric view鸟瞰图birds-eye view仰视图worms-eye view透视图perspective view图签caption of
9、 a drawing图名subject工程工程project图号drawing number比例scale日期date制图drawing by校对checked审核approved by修改revision更正correction详图及施工图detail & working drawing方案设计及地形测量图scheme designs & land surveyors drawings不按比例n.t.s(not to scale)吋的分尺寸通常用分数表示parts of an inch are usually given in fractions常用分数use these fractions
10、防止用avoid绘图to draw制图to draught制图员draughtsman描图to trace做草图to sketch图例legend打斜线hatched涂黑smudged虚线点线dotted broken line虚线划线intermittent gestrichelt修改revision变更alteration检查、补充survey建议proposal设计的布置图proposed layout参考reference参考图reference drawing图注notes on drawings本图应与 号图配合使用this drawing is to be read in con
11、junction with drg.no.所有尺寸均应现场测定all measures(dimensions)are to be taken(checked)on site任何问题均应与建筑师协商解决any queries to be clarified with the architect网格grid网格线grid line中心线、轴线centre line各种修改various revisions修正revised改变changed调整adjusted删除deleted变更altered由 代替superseded by合并incorporated增加added引用introduced定位
12、located绘图纸drawing papers描图纸tracing papers蓝图copies of drawings优质绘图纸cartridge paper or Bristol board房间a room壁炉fireplace烟囱chimney顶棚ceiling墙wall地面floor见详图see detail砖墙brick wall墙面砖wall tile凹圆踢脚coved skirting地面砖floor tile钢筋混凝土楼板reinforced concrete slae顶棚板ceiling board壁纸wall paper抹会打底plaster rendering护墙板wa
13、ll panel木踢脚板timber skirting木地板timber flooring抹会顶棚plaster ceiling墙角线条cornice抹灰墙面plastered wall建筑物a building层storey多层建筑multi-storey building建筑场地building site屋面roof屋面坡度roof pitch阁楼attic阳台balcony窗心墙parapet二层first floor底层ground floor地下室basement 雨棚canopy上部构造super-structure栅栏fence下部构造sub-structure根底foundat
14、ions下层地下室sub-basement上层super floor下层lower floor夹层mezzanine floor私人住宅a private home边界限boundary草坪llawn起居室living room书房study餐室dining room厨房kitchen备餐室pantry洗衣间laundry后院back yard厕所toilet 、wc走道passage门厅hall入口entrance覆盖面积covered area过道throughpass工作间workshop杂物间utility汽车棚carport室外起居平台outdoor living area游泳池sw
15、imming pool平台terrace工具间utensil room凹室alcove化装室dressing room浴室bathroom淋浴shower单人卧室single bedroom双人卧室double bedroom阳台balcony凉廊loggia阁楼attic地窖cellar储藏室store room蒸汽浴室sauna管道间utility distribution酒吧间basement bar煤仓bunker办公楼层an office floor薄计室bookkeeping 档案室filing 秘书室secretary行政办公室administration打字室typist经理办
16、公室managers office接待室reception门厅lobby电梯lifts交换台switchboard电传打字机室telex-room会议室conference room主要办公室main office办公小间office cubicles工地负责人办公室site supervisors office茶点厨房teakitchen复印间printing room平安出口fire escape男厕所mens toilet女厕所womens toilet衣帽间cloar room样品储藏间store for samples办公室负责人office supervisor建筑设计部门arch
17、itectural department工业建筑industrial building工厂factory、mill、works、plant汽车厂car factory造纸厂paper mill印刷厂printing works水泥厂cement plant厂房room、hangar吊车跨crane bay机器间machine room纺纱间spinning room锯齿形房屋构造sawtooth roof structure生产跨production bays将来扩建future extension已建existing拟建proposed预留future夹层mezzanine floor走道a
18、isle货架stack提升叉车fork lift truck主体建筑main building辅助建筑附属建筑auxiliary building行政管理处administration厂部办公室head office门卫室gate keepers office原材料仓库raw material store石棉碾磨asbestos milling准备区preparation bays生产区production bays堆料区stacking bays成型工段moulding department卡车装车处lorry loading火车装车处railway loading模型堆场moulds st
19、ockyard烟囱chimney锅炉房boiler house蓄水池water reservoir电力、上下水等管线services for power、water etc变电站substation沉淀池settling tanks废料回收hard waste recovery废料堆放场hard waste dump修理间workshops备品库accessories store食堂canteen卫生所sanitary building生活间welfare building修理间堆场workshop storage area成型产品moulded products仓库covered stora
20、ge area堆场open storage area发货处dispatch control铁路专用线railway siding土木工程civil engineering土木工程civil engineering 房屋及建筑house and building塔及多层建筑tower and multi-storey blocks各种构造structures of all kinds建立工程construction engineering桥梁及旱桥bridges and viaducts隧道及铁路tunnels and railway挡土墙retaining walls道路及机场roads an
21、d airfields构造理论theory of structures构造理论theory of structures解析几何analytic geometry投影几何sciagraphy数学mathematics计算尺slide rule构造分析structural analysis静力static forces构造设计structural design数学计算过程mathematical proceedings静定statically determined超静定statically undetermined分析analysis分配distribution分解deposition决定dete
22、rmination方程式equation比例ratio几何geometry水平horizontal垂直vertical倾斜inclined空间space点point项term线line位置locality弦chord切线tangent平面plane面积area容积content volume圆circle形square矩形rectangle梯形trapezium三角形triangle等角symmetrically angled直角right angled斜角oblique锐角acute angled钝角obtuse angled等腰isosceles不等腰asosceles等边with equ
23、al sides不等边with unequal sides立方体cube圆柱体cylinder圆椎体cone棱柱体pyramid材料性能properties of material尺寸size面积area断面面积sectional area重心center of gravity重量weight容重density比重specific gravity强度strength solidity柔性flexibility巩固性consistency抵抗矩section modulus惯性矩moment of inertia回转半径radius of gyration弹性模量modulus of elast
24、icity静力名词static terms应力stress力矩moment弯矩bending moment剪力shearing force承压力bearing pressure强度strength荷载种类types of loads设计荷载design load允许荷载permissible load实际荷载actual load恒载dead load活荷载live load外加荷载imposed load风荷载wind load雪荷载snow load检修荷载repair load轮压wheel pressure重要外加荷载important imposed loads集中荷载point l
25、oad、single load、concentrated load均布荷载uniformly distributed load线性荷载line load三角形荷载triangular load块状荷载block load递增荷载,在一定频率时增加的荷载swelling load，load increasing with a certainfrequency附加荷载superimposed load力forces荷载 重量load、weight平衡重counterweight平衡equilibrium压力pressure拉力tension吸力suction摩擦力friction冲击力impact
26、扭力torsion粘结力bond剪力shear推力thrust压力pression纵向压力longitudinal pression力的作用application of force中心centrally偏心eccentrical纵向轴力longitudinal axial force跨度spans净宽clear width净空clearance跨度span有效高度effective height细长度slenderness全长overall length悬臂长度length of cantilever支座supports自由支座free supports嵌固长度length of restra
27、int固端fixed end restraint拱座桥台abutment变形deformations弯曲bending flexion挠度deflection双向挠曲deflection in two directions伸展expansion dilatation收缩contraction膨胀swelling纵向弯曲buckling受弯压曲flexural稳定性stabilities抗倒塌稳定性stability against collapse抗倾覆稳定性stability against tilting抗滑移稳定性stability against sliding建筑知识building
28、 knowledge组织关系organization scheme建筑物业主building owner、promoter、client建筑师architect土木工程师civil engineer预算师quantity surveyor总包main contractor分包subcontractors工长foreman技工qualified man 、skilled man 、journeyman普工unqualified man 、unskilled man建筑技术工人building craftsmen 、building artisans瓦工bricklayer石工mason混凝土co
29、ncrete worker钢筋工rod bender、rod fixer抹灰工plasterer木工carpenter白铁工sheetmetal worker、tin smith管工plumber电工electrician铁匠smith 、locksmith细木工joiner五金安装工ironmonger玻璃工glazier贴砖工tiler铺地工floor layer油漆工painter裱糊工paperhanger建筑工程building work挖土工程excavation work混凝土工程concrete work模板工程form work、shuttering work、boxing
30、work钢筋工程reinforcing work木工工程carpentry work白铁工程sheetmetal work屋面铺瓦工程roof tiling work防水工程water proofing work管道工程plumbing work隔热保温工程insulating work电气安装electrical installation锻铁工程blacksmith work抹灰工程plaster work、rendering work细木工程joinery work五金安装工程ironmongery work玻璃安装工程glazing work贴砖工程tiling work水磨石工程ter
31、razzo work地面铺设工程floor laying work油漆工程painting work裱糊工程wallpapering work建筑材料building materials石灰lime水泥cement石膏gypsum熟石膏plaster of paris砂sand砾石gravel、stone砖brick空心砌块hollow block木材timber 低碳钢、软钢mild steel瓦roofing tile油毡roofing felt钢筋reinforcing钢管steel pipe隔热保温材料insulation material油灰胶泥putty 、mastic面砖石板ti
32、le、slate涂料指一般油漆paint壁纸wallpaper标高levels基准标高datum elevation板面、梁面等无面层的构造面标高top of slab、top of beam、etc level lf structure without finish面层顶面，有面层的构造面标高top of finish、level of structure with finish楼地面标高finished floor level二层楼板标高floor slab板底标高soffit顶面标高top level底面标高bottom level缝joins原浆勾缝jointed平缝butt join
33、t凹缝open jointV型缝splayed joint伸缩缝expansion joint密封条sealing strip fugenband突出protruding projecting平齐flush bundig凹进recessed切口rebate rabbet榫槽groove直榫tongue企口连接tongued and grooved壁凹与孔洞recesses and openings洞口opening墙洞wall opening开通的open throughout楼板洞floor opening壁凹recess不开通的not open throughout凹口pocket洞孔mo
34、rtice、mortise预留栏杆洞form mortices for balusters暗线槽conduit地沟duct沟槽channel墙槽wall conduit凹槽groove地槽floor duct直线与斜线straight and skew平的plane斜的skew直的straight锥形的tapered斜坡slope作出坡度laid to falls炉渣混凝土breeze concrete圆阴角coving圆阳角arris rounded倒角splay一个波段a corrugation波峰top of corrugation波谷valley of corrugation技术名词缩
35、写some technicalabbreviations钢筋混凝土R.C.reinforced concrete预制混凝土P.C.C. precast concrete低碳钢M.S. mild steel镀锌铁皮G.I.galvanized iron铸铁C.I. cast iron石棉水泥A.C.asbestos cement交流电A.C.alternating current直流电D.C. direct current三相电 three phase current总长O/Aoveralllength中至中CCS from center to center剖面通过SECTHROsectiont
36、hrough概述general地点stand基址plot地产estate场地site吊装erection建筑物的吊装erection of a building机器安装installation of a machine厂房建成implementation of a plant拆毁damages 倒塌collapse倾覆tilting裂缝crack发霉mould、fungus泛碱efflorescence蒙灰及烟熏dust and soot翘曲warp杂项sundries竣工wrought wrot锻造beim schmied细木做beim schreiner粗木作beim Zimmermann
37、上梁宴请，封顶仪式topping-out ceremony roof wetting party防护proof防水water proof防湿moisture proof防潮damp proof防蒸汽steam proof防水汽vapour proof气密air-tight防虫vermin proof隔声sound proof其他miscellaneous界限margin旁注marginal notes层ply二层two ply三层three-ply可移动的可拆卸的removable demountable格珊grating颗粒分级grading样板template gauge小间cubicle
38、 booth厕所间toilet cubicle出纳间tellers booth间telephone box小册子pamphlet散叶leaflet说明书prospectus安装说明fixing instructions建筑工地building site工地测量survey of site工地抄平leveling of site基准横档sight rail龙门板batter board建筑用水准仪builders level经纬仪theodolite钉龙门板pegging of batter boards准线wire木桩peg建筑工作building operations现场管理site sup
39、ervision工地设施site installations施工道路site road builderroad临时接水temporary water connection储仓筒仓storage bin、silo工地办公室site office工房barracks工地食堂site canteen工地试验室field laboratory工地清理site clean-up job clean-up建筑机械building machinery落锤drop hammer 履带式装载机crawler-loader铲shovel挖掘机excavator shovel动力铲power shovel起重臂bo
40、om jib戽斗bucket履带caterpillar track反铲backacting shovel挖泥机dredger抓斗grab grabbing bucket混凝土搅拌机concrete mixer混凝土搅拌厂concrete plant泵pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷浆机guniting machine压路机roller起重机cranes旋转塔式起重机rotating tower crane悬臂式起重机saddle jib crane动臂式起重机swing jib crane配重counter-weight起重机行走架crane-carrier 起重滑车hoist
41、 block卷扬机hoist起重小车trolley脚手架scaffolding压缩机pressor混凝土振动器concrete vibrator风钻pneumatic drill风动锤pneumatic hammer电锤electric hammer抹灰机plastering machine发动机engine电动机motor构造构件structural elements构造构件structural elements上部构造super-structre柱column楼梯stairs离心窗parapet楼板slab梁beam外墙external wall室外地面ground level防潮层DPC
42、防潮层面DPC level墙基plinth地沟duct根底footing下部构造sub-structure地面、地形ground、terrain平地flat ground地面斜坡slope of ground自然地面natural ground 自然土natural soil原土original soil填土filled soil堤坡embankment几种土壤some type of soil植物质vegetable matter腐根dead roots表土topsoil耕土gardening soil下层土subsoil石砾石stone、gravel漂石boulders粘土clay软质岩石
43、soft rock硬质岩石hard rock含有漂石的一般土壤mon ground interspersed挖土excavation土方工程earthworks清理场地的灌木、树丛、杂草及所有植物质clearance of site of shrubs、bushes、grass all vegetable matter槽trench沟ditch槽为垂直边帮a trench has vertical sides沟为倾斜边坡a ditch has sloping sides挖出的土excavated material余土surplus material地面水surface water明沟channel挡土板planking地下水位level of ground water地下水ground water、subsoil water斜撑bracing横撑strutting排水water removal找平drainage根底foundation根底footing基座base墙基wa