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1、. -英语小升初暑期衔接材料一、 字母与音标：1.字母的分类：元音字母5个：a e i o u 字母 26个辅音字母21个2. 音标：初中英语国际标准音标练习元音 (20个)单元音12个前元音(4个)i:ie后元音(5个):u:u中元音(3个):双元音8个合口双元音(5个)eiuaiaui集中双元音(3个)iu辅音 (28个)清辅音(11个)ptkfsttrtsh浊辅音(17个)bdgvzddrdzlmnjwr认识几个定义：1、音素英语语音中最小的发音单位。2、元音发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍。3、辅音发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍。4、音节说话时最小的语音片段。一个可以为单个元
2、音如I/a/，或者一个元音加上一个或多个辅音如tree /tri:/。单词可以根据音节数量分为：单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。5、开音节以读音为元音的字母结尾的音节，即辅音+元音如me, he等；或以不发音字母e结尾如name, e等。6、闭音节以一个或几个辅音字母结尾且中间只有一个元音，即元音+辅音如it, pen, pick等。7、重读在双音节或多音节单词中，有个音节必须读得特别强而重，而其它音节读得相对弱而轻，这种现象就叫单词重读。用符号“表示。8、清音和浊音辅音发音时声带不振动叫清辅音；声带振动叫浊辅音。元音1. 长短：/i:/ / /:/ / /:/ / /U:/ / 2. 大小：/
3、e/ / /:/ /3. I组：/e/ /a/ /4. U组：/ /a/5. 组：/ /e/ /i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/ /i/ it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik/e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help/ fat/ft/ have/hv/ cat/kt/ back/bk/ hat/ht/a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:
4、m/ park/pa:k/ :/ horse/h: s/ saw/s:/ corn/k:n/ course/k:s/ salt/s:t/ / dog/dg/ pot/pt/ cost/kst/ what/wt/ honest/nist/u:/ food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/ / must/mst/ does/dz/ money/mni/ ugly/gli/ e/km/ /:/ nurse/n:s/ bird/b
5、:d/ burn/b:n/ turn/t:n/ girl/g:l/ / better/bet/ never/nev/ worker/w:k/ wele/welkm/ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eid/u/ no/nu/ home/hum/ hope/hup/ wrote/rut/ note/nut/ pose/puz/ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ b
6、aut/ south/sau/ house/haus/i/ boy/bi/ toy/ti/ noise/niz/ voice/vis/ point/pint/ coin/kin/i/ ear/i/ near/ni/ idea/aidi/ hear/hi/ mere/mi/ spear/spi/ / air/ tear/t/ care/k/ dare/d/ fair/f/ there/ /u/ tour/tu/ poor/pu/ sure/u/ moor/mu/(停泊) your/ju/ /p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/tp/ cap/kp/ people/pi:pl/ pr
7、ide/praid/b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/blk/ bear/b/t/ let/let/ sat/st/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/d/ led/led/ sad/sd/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di/k/ lack/lk/ take/teik/ clock/klk/ class/kla:s/ weekend/wi:kend/g/ big/big/ lag/lg/ glass/gla:s/ gum/gm/ good/gud/ guest/gest/f/ face/feis/ fast/
8、fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/s:f/ favorite/feivrit/v/ very/veri/ five/faiv/ fever/fi:v/ serve/s:v/ never/nev/ bath/ba:/(v洗澡) thick/ik/ mouth/mau/ breath/bre/(n呼吸) thought/:t/ author/ truth/tru:/ / the/ / they/ei/ that/t/ mother/m/ thus/ s/ then/en/s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/kps/ likes/lai
9、ks/ stops/stps/z/ close/kluz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/biz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/ /t/ catch/kt/ cheep/ti:p/ rich/rit/ watch/wt/ child/taild/ question/kwestn/ teach/ti:t/ challenge/tlind/ /d/ orange/rid/ large/la:d/ juice/du:s/ job/db/ /tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/trk/dr/ dry/
10、drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/drik/ hundred/hndrid/ she/i:/ sharp/a:p/ fish/fi/ shock/k/ shoe/u:/ pleasure/ple/ measure/me/ television/telivin/ts/ lets/lets/ sports/sp:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/ /dz/ hands/hndz/ birds/b:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/stndz/h/ he/ hi:/ h
11、ard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h:d/ half/ha:f/l/ like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/m/ my/mai/ more/m:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/ sing/si/ wing/wi/ ring/ri/ long/l/ beautiful/bju:tfl/j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/
12、ja:d/ music/mju:zik/ student/stju:dnt/ excuse/ikskju:z/ /w/ work/w:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/wt/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/ /r/ red/red/ road/rud/ write/rait/ wrong/r/ problem/prblm/ 音标综合练习1./i:/ /i/ /e/ /bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /ril/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/ /fil/bit week deal real kid
13、dig quick tip zip rid will fill/pet/ /pk/ /gp/ /kg/ /ng/ /rm/ /btl/ /sed/ /hpi/ /ten/ /red/ pet pack gap cap nag ram battle said happy ten red /setl/ /tr/ /dipend/settle trash depend2./a:/ / :/ / / /u:/ /u/a:sk/ /ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /d/ /l:n/ /n:t/ /p:z/ /fks/ /sk/ ask mask past France odd lawn
14、naught pause fox sock /fa:/ /la:d / /ma:k/ /l:d/ /t:/ /st:m/ /pt/ /krp/ /t/ /prmis/ far large mark Lord torch storm pot crop thought promise /huk/ /lu:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ /ru:/ /pul/ /wud/hook loose soot took mood through pull wood3./ / /bz/ /dl/ /hri/ /glf/ /trbl/ /:n/ /s:f/ /t:n/ /beg/ /tk/ buss
15、dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck/k:b/ /:k/ /merik / /sk/ /kmp/ /svei/ /pveid/ /phps/ curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps /b:lesk/ /m:d/ burlesque murder3./ei/ /u/ /ai/ /au/ /i/keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prpuz/ /mun/ /stun/ /uv/ /sait/kape great main propose motion st
16、one over sight/raim/ /daut/ /taipist/ /aust/ /mist/ /ist/ rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster4./i/ / /u/vi/ /f/ /d/ /sk/ /bun/ /gud/ /rurl/ /pi/ /klmbi/veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear Colombia/mtiril/ /mistiris/material mysterious5./ /mn/ /i:f/ /t/ /n/ /fei/ /tge/ /k/ /mselvz/ month
17、 thief that than faith together thank themselves注：6个爆破音有3对/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is
18、full of people.Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car. The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too. Were going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee? Its a very col(d) day, but its a goo(d) day. You can put i(t) down in
19、the bi(g) garden.I bought a chea(p) book, but its a goo(d) book. (2)“爆破音+摩擦音型如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音如/f/，/s/，/W/，/T/等，那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音那么要完全爆破。Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell.Goo(d) morning, dear.Uncle Lis fa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cinema. I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night. -Do you k
20、now his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don(t) know.The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult.Goo(d) luck, Lin Tao二名词1.可数名词：表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式与不定冠词a(n)连用。1) 一般名词的复数形式以加-s或-es的方式构成:情况加法例词一般情况加-sbrothers, sisters, schools ，books 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词加-esbuses, foxes, watches, dishes以“辅音字母+y结尾的词变
21、y为i再加-esladyladies ， countrycountries(boys toys ways)以o结尾的名词多数加-spianos, photos, zoos少数以o结尾的名词加-esheroes, negroes ，tomatoes, potatoes以f或fe结尾的名词多数变f或fe为v,再加-esleaf leaves ， wife wives knife knives， wolf wolves2不规那么的复数形式常见：man tooth foot womanChild goose mouse sheep 3单复数词形一样的词：sheep, fish, deer, Chine
22、se, Japanese etc.4表示某国人的名词：中国人、日本人，复数不需加-sChinese, Japanese速记口诀：男人、女人变一个；鹅、脚、牙齿变两个；小孩后面加三个；中、日、绵羊、小鹿永不变。2.不可数名词：表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质；少数固体类的物质grass草，ice冰，抽象的名词help帮助，music音乐。不可数名词没有复数如some water,不能与不定冠词连用。写出以下各词的复数 photo_ diary _ day_ dress_ thief_ peach_juice_ _ water _ rice_ tea _ man_ woman_ban
23、ana _ bus_ child _ foot _ sheep _ leaf(树叶) _ dish _ knife _ pen_ boy_baby_ map _city_ box _ book _ class_ eye_ office _ car_ fox(狐狸) _ watch _ skirt_ shelf _cinema _tomato_ tooth _ wife_postman _family _ mouse _ Chinese_ sandwich _ glass _policeman_ strawberry _ 三 一般现在时1.一般现在时的功能： 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：
24、The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。2.一般现在时的构成： 1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。注意：我用am，你用are，三单is，复数are。 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。注意：当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：M
25、ary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。3.一般现在时的变化： 1be动词的变化：肯定句：主语+be+其它。如：He is a worker. 他是工人。否认句：主语+ be + not +其它。 He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。(be动词移到句首)如：I am a student.-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：My bike is under the tree. Is your bike under the tree?Where is y
26、our bike?2行为动词的变化。肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。否认句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I like bread. I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否认句。如：He ofter plays football.He doesnt often play football.一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。句首加助动词do, does如：I often play football.- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No,
27、I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：She goes to school by bike.- Does she go to school by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：She goes to school by bike. Does she go to school by bike? How does she go to school?3. 动词+s的变化规那么1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾
28、，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies一般现在时用法专练:一、写出以下动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _e_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_do_ teach_二、用am, is, are 填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sist
29、er. 3. _ your brother in the classroom? 4. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 5. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 6. Whose dress _ this? 7.The jeans _ on the desk. 8. Here _ some sweaters for you. 9. Some tea _ in the glass.10. _ David and Helen from England? 11. There _ a girl in the room. 12. There
30、_ some apples on the tree. 13. There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 三、用括号动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.3. Mike _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.4. _ they _(like) the World Cup?5. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?6. She
31、 and I _(take) a walk together every evening.7. Mike _(like) cooking.8. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.9. You always _(do) your homework well.10. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.四、按照要求改写句子1. David watches TV every evening.(改为否认句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否认答复)_3.
32、We go to school every morning.(改为否认句)_4. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定答复)_四、现在进展时1现在进展时表示现在正在进展或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间的活动或现阶段正在进展的动作。句中一般含有now, look, listen.2现在进展时的肯定句根本构造为be+动词ing.如：Tom is reading books in his study .3现在进展时的否认句在be后加not。如：Tom is reading books in his study .Tom is not reading b
33、ooks in his study .4现在进展时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。如：Tom is reading books in his study .Is Tom reading books in his study ？5现在进展时的特殊疑问的根本构造为：疑问词+一般疑问句? 注意：当划线局部包含谓语动词时，用疑问词代替划线局部放到句首，原划线处应加上doing如：Tom is reading books in his study . Tom is reading books in his study .Is Tom reading books in his study ? Is Tom
34、 reading books in his study ?What is Tom doing in his study? Where is Tom reading books?动词加ing的变化规那么1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3如果末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping现在进展时专项练习：一、写出以下动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ wr
35、ite_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ e _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否认句)_